流动注射免疫分析及其在环境中农药残留分析研究综述

介绍了流动注射免疫分析、顺序流动注射免疫分析方法及其流动注射脂质体、荧光、化学发光、电化学等检测技术分析环境中的农药残留。     

LUM-F流动注射发光测量仪（化学发光液相色谱柱后检测器）

LUM-F流动注射发光测量仪主要用于进行各种化学发光或者生物发光的流动注射分析，可应用于化学发光流动注射研究和化学发光分析的连续监测；也可作为液相色谱柱后检测，应用于过渡金属离子、多环芳烃等环境有毒污染物的测定。仪器通过适当的改装，可以应用于微流控化学发光检测。（专利号：ZL02238063.9）     

有机汞形态分析检测仪器的联用技术研究

报道了流动注射固相萃取预富集，液相色谱分离，冷原子吸收检测的联用技术，并对有机汞的各形态进行了富集，分离和测定。由于采用在线排气技术和冷原子吸收测定，方法有很好的选择性，有机汞混合物经一次进样即可连续获得各形态的含量，操作简便，快速，可用于污染水体中各形态有机汞含量的测定。     

在线反相流动注射技术在电镀废水连续监测中的应用

本文包括两方面内容:一是介绍反相流动注射分析(rFI(?))在线连续监控的原理和方法;二是介绍反相流动注射分析标准加入法测定电镀废水中金属离子的方法。应用本文介绍的方法建立了电镀废水中Cr~(6+)、Ni~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的在线连续监控和含量的测定,方法简便、快速。相对偏差分别为-6～5％、-5～2％和-5～3％。     

流动注射分析

多年来,人们为研制多用途、精密、快速和自动化程度高的分析仪器进行了不懈的努力。目前已生产的湿化学自动分析仪有1、程序分析器;2、连续流动分析仪(简称CFA)和3、流动注射分析仪(简称FIA)三种类型。 FIA是七十年代中期迅速发展并趋于完善的,对不连续液体样品和在线样品进行快速测定的一项新技术。其主要特点如下: 1、分析速度快,分析频率通常为100次/小时,最快的已达到1200次/小时; 2、自动化程度高,从进样、“化学处理”、测量到数据处理和程序控制可全部自动化; 3、大大节省试剂和样品;     

FIA学术报告会在北京、沈阳举行

瑞典著名流动注射分析专家B.Karlb-erg博士于1984年10月18—24日应邀来华作关于间歇泵技术、气体扩散技术和在线萃取     

环境污染治理技术与设备2005年(第6卷)总目次

综合评述土壤和沉积物中多氯联苯污染的生物修复机理研究进展……………………………………………………………殷培杰李培军1(1)流动注射免疫分析及其在环境中农药残留分析研究综述………………………………………………………………李方实祝清兰1(8)污染土壤电动修复增强方法研究进展……………………………………………………陆小成陈露洪徐泉毕树平郑正1(14)污染水体的生物修复技术研究进展……………………………………………………………………………李继洲程南宁陈清锦1(25)含MTBE废水处理研究进展……………………………………………     

反向流动注射分析法(rFIA)多组分同时测定的研究——氧化物和硫化物的分析

本文研究了分別使用吡啶/巴比妥酸和Fe(Ⅲ)/邻菲啰啉体系同时测定CN~-和S~(2-)的反向流动注射分析法。酸化后的样品溶液流经PTFE微孔膜时CN~-透过膜溶入吸收液中,而S~(2-)仍留存在原溶液中,而后分别和相应的显色试剂反应测定。方法适用于电镀厂废水的检测。每小时可分析30个样品。     

AA3流动注射仪快速测定地表水中的总氰化物

在反复实验的基础上建立了运用Bran+Luebbe AutoAnalyzer 3流动注射分析仪快速测定地表水中总氰化物的分析方法。结果表明,该方法与传统的分光光度法相比,具有自动进样、分析速度快、测定成本低等优点。与经典的分析方法相对照,结果无显著性差异,能够满足大批量地表水监测的要求。在测试系统中引入了恒温槽,进一步提高了测试的精密度和准确度。     

流动注射分光光度法快速测定废水中的钼

钼（VI）与显色试剂在酸性介质中反应,形成稳定的橙红色络合物,在460nm下测定钼的含量,显色试剂由一定浓度的硫氰酸钾、硫脲、硫酸铜组成。将流动注射分析技术应用于该反应体系,可快速、重现、准确地测定废水样品的钼。方法检出限为0．05mg／L,线性范围为1～20mg／L,相对标准偏差（n=11）〈3％,分析速度可达60次／h。     

Development of competitive immunoassays to hydroxyl containing fungicide metabolites

This paper describes the isolation of monoclonal antibodies and the development of competitive immunoassays to pesticide metabolites of the fungicides imazalil, carbendazim and thiabendazole. The metabolite specific hydroxyl residues were used as the reactive group with which to link the metabolite to the carrier proteins Keyhole Limpet Haemocyanin (KLH) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). In each case immune responses in mice were raised and monoclonal antibodies were produced. Antibodies were developed into competitive ELISAs to the appropriate metabolite. The antibody raised to a metabolite of imazalil was optimised into a competitive ELISA format which had an assay IC50 of 7.5 μg/L and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.1 μg/L. A single antibody isolated against the metabolite of carbendazim had assay IC50s of 3.2 and 2.7 μg/L for the metabolites of carbendazim and thiabendazole respectively with an LOD of 0.38 μg/L for both. These sensitive immunoassays may have application in the monitoring of human exposure to these fungicide residues either by occupational or non-occupational routes.     

Development of competitive immunoassays to hydroxyl containing fungicide metabolites

This paper describes the isolation of monoclonal antibodies and the development of competitive immunoassays to pesticide metabolites of the fungicides imazalil, carbendazim and thiabendazole. The metabolite specific hydroxyl residues were used as the reactive group with which to link the metabolite to the carrier proteins Keyhole Limpet Haemocyanin (KLH) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). In each case immune responses in mice were raised and monoclonal antibodies were produced. Antibodies were developed into competitive ELISAs to the appropriate metabolite. The antibody raised to a metabolite of imazalil was optimised into a competitive ELISA format which had an assay IC50 of 7.5 μg/L and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.1 μg/L. A single antibody isolated against the metabolite of carbendazim had assay IC50s of 3.2 and 2.7 μg/L for the metabolites of carbendazim and thiabendazole respectively with an LOD of 0.38 μg/L for both. These sensitive immunoassays may have application in the monitoring of human exposure to these fungicide residues either by occupational or non-occupational routes.     

水中阴离子表面活性剂的测量不确定度评定

简要介绍了测量不确定度的概念，运用《测量不确定度评定与表示》的技术规范，通过对阴离子表面活性剂的测定过程，分析了影响阴离子表面活性剂测量不确定度的因素，给出了相对标准不确定度分量，并具体阐明了测量不确定度的评定步骤，得出测量扩展不确定度的结果。     

Immunolocalization of non-extractable (bound) residues of pesticides and industrial contaminants in plants and soil.

The application of immunochemical methods for the investigation of non-extractable (bound) residues is reviewed. Non-extractable residues may be presented to antibodies as antigenic determinants, which are exposed for instance in plant tissue and humic substances. Fluorescent probes as well as enzyme markers have been applied for the detection of bound residues. The application of antibodies labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and phycoerythrin revealed the presence of atrazine in cryosections of atrazine-treated corn leaves and water plants. Atrazine could be localized by antibodies coupled to fluorescent markers in soil from corn fields but not in atrazine-free soil. Quantitative results were obtained by the application of enzyme immunoassays to the investigation of triazine and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) residues, bound to soil humic acids. Finally, the use of antibodies with different recognition patterns provides information on the ligation of non-extractable residues to the matrix.     

Enzyme-immunoassay techniques for the detection of atrazine in water samples: Evaluation of a commercial tube based assay

Environmental immunoassays can help lower the operating costs and improve the effectiveness of residue laboratories. The present study assesses the ability of a commercially available enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect triazine herbicides in water. The tube based EIA could detect atrazine in lake and river water with detection limits of 62 pg/mL and 180 pg/mL respectively. The assay's ability to quantify atrazine in a set of 124 water samples taken from many parts of Canada was compared with a reference method that used gas chromatographic separation combined with a nitrogen phosphorous detector (GC-NPD) (R=0.919). A 71 % reduction in analytical load was achieved at a threshold concentration of 1 ng/mL. There were 2.4 % false negative and 0.8 % false positive results associated with that load reduction. The variability of the assay control parameters was generally within two standard deviations of the mean response for 65 assays. The EIA for atrazine is recommended for use as a screening technique and as an inexpensive way to monitor triazine levels in waters that are known to be contaminated with those herbicides.     

汞化合物的生物检测技术

为了对环境中的汞污染进行现场检测 ,需要开发简便、快速、灵敏的分析方法。生物检测技术是其中的一个重要研究方向。在分析中 ,对现有的汞化合物主要生物检测技术的原理、特点、研究现状及应用前景进行了评价     

Non-biological inhibition-based sensing (NIBS) demonstrated for the detection of toxic arsenic compounds

This work demonstrates the success of a recently developed technique in chemical amplification, non-biological inhibition-based sensing (NIBS), for the detection of toxic arsenic compounds. Screening for toxic arsenic compounds is especially important due to their prevalence in wastewater and water sources. The detection method presented in this work amplifies the chemical response of toxic arsenic compounds by developing a sensor chemistry where the analyte inhibits, rather than enhances, the rate of a catalytic reaction. This technique mimics the work done with enzyme inhibition; however, using non-biological molecules allows for selective detection without the shelf-life issue associated with biological molecules. Using NIBS we find that we can enhance the sensitivity of the system by two orders of magnitude with no apparent loss in selectivity. This work demonstrates the versatility of NIBS, showing that the technique can be of general use for the detection of toxic compounds.     

EDTA滴定法测定硫酸盐的检出限确定

在美国环保总署方法检出限程序的基础上，设计了一个能考虑样品空白和总硬度的可变性对样品测量值贡献的方法检出限程序，并按照此程序对EDTA滴定法测定硫酸盐的检出限进行了确定。对确定结果进行了信噪比和加标回收率检查，证明确定结果能客观地反映实验室对该方法的测试能力。     

A GCMSD/ECD method for the simultaneous determination of toxaphene and toxaphene congeners

The methodology presented combines mass selective detection technology for routine automated total toxaphene determinations with electron capture detection confirmation of congener results. Total toxaphene values were calculated using a custom developed series of data analysis macroinstructions (macros) that eliminate potential interferences and collate peak areas. These macros create multi-level calibration tables with results automatically corrected for surrogate and performance standards. It is possible to produce congener data that provides results from both detectors in one report from a single injection.     

A competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay for lead ion measurement using mAbs against the lead-DTPA complex

Immunoassays for quantitative measurement of environmental heavy metals offer several advantages over other traditional methods. To develop an immunoassay for lead, Balb/c mice were immunized with a lead-chelate-protein conjugate to allow maximum exposure of the metal to the immune system. Three stable hybridoma cell lines were obtained through spleen cells fusion with Sp2/0 cells. One cell line, 2A11D11, produced mAbs with preferential selectivity and sensitivity for Pb-DTPA than DTPA, exhibiting an affinity constant of 3.34 ± 0.24 × 10⁹ M⁻¹. Cross reactivity (CR) with other metals were below 1%, except for Fe(III) with a CR less than 5%. This quantitative indirect ELISA for the lead ion was used to detect environmental lead content in local water sources; importantly, the results from the immunoassay were in excellent agreement with those from ICP-MS. Development of immunoassays for metal ions may thus facilitate the detection and regulation of environmental pollution.