Fenton氧化法深度处理丙烯腈废水的研究

以丙烯腈(AN)废水为研究对象，在正交实验基础上深入研究了Fenton反应体系中pH值、Fe^2 浓度、H2O2浓度、温度、uv和C2O^2-4对降解效果的影响，分析了不同因素作用机理，确定了最佳操作条件：pH=3、[Fe^2 ]=400mg／，L、[H2O2]=400mg／L、反应温度40℃，在此条件下丙烯腈降解率达80％以上。同时发现在紫外光、C2O^2-4对Fenton试剂的协同作用下，降解率可提高10％左右。     

芬顿氧化法处理水中酸性品红的研究

研究了酸性品红在Fenton体系中的降解过程,反应30 min后,在[Fe2+]0=0.06 mmol/L、[H2O2]0=0.3 mmol/L、pH=3、T=30℃的条件下,初始浓度为20 mg/L的酸性品红的去除率达到97%以上。升高反应温度,有利于Fenton体系中酸性品红的降解,但影响并不显著。根据不同温度下的速率常数,并结合Arrhenius方程求出了Fenton试剂降解酸性品红的反应活化能,仅为11.63 kJ/mol。C1?的存在对酸性品红在Fenton体系中的降解表现出明显的阻碍作用,并且随着C1?浓度的增加,抑制作用越来越大;SO24-和NO3-的存在也降低了Fenton试剂的氧化性能。     

Cu~(2+)助芬顿法处理高浓度邻苯二甲酸二甲酯废水

Cu2+可以与H2O2发生类Fenton反应,用Fenton法处理同时含有难降解有机物和Cu2+的工业废水时,Cu2+对于Fenton氧化难降解有机物的反应具有促进作用。本实验在高浓度邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)和Cu2+组成的模拟工业废水中投加Fenton试剂(Fe2++H2O2),利用Cu2+辅助Fe2+催化Fenton反应氧化难降解有机物。通过正交实验,优选反应条件,并进行单因素实验,分析不同Cu2+浓度、初始H2O2浓度、H2O2∶Fe2+(摩尔比)、pH及温度对DMP去除率的影响,以确定最佳的反应条件,并对反应机理进行了初步探讨。当Cu2+浓度为10 mg/L、DMP浓度为250 mg/L、初始H2O2的浓度为499.5 mg/L、H2O2∶Fe2+的摩尔比为4∶1、温度为20℃时,DMP的去除率最高可达到98.67%。本研究为类芬顿法处理难降解有机物和重金属离子共存的复杂工业废水奠定了基础。     

Fenton氧化-混凝联合工艺处理络合铜镍废水的研究

采用Fenton试剂氧化-混凝联合工艺对难处理络合铜镍电镀废水进行了研究,考察了废水初始pH值、H2O2初始浓度、[Fe2 ]/[H2O2]、反应时间和温度、混凝液pH、混凝剂质量浓度对处理过程的影响,探讨了废水的降解途径和机理.结果表明,在体系初始pH=4,温度30℃,H2O2投加量为800mg/L,[Fe2 ]/[H2O2]=0.1,反应时间60 min,混凝液pH=8及混凝剂质量浓度为500mg/L的条件下,废水的COD去除率为96.98%,Cu2 为99.91%,Ni2 为99.92%,处理水完全达到国家一级排放标准.同时依据GC/MS对X-GN降解最终产物的分析结果,推导出废水的基本降解机理和途径.     

光助Ce-Fe/Al2O3催化H2O2降解阳离子红GTL模拟废水

利用Ce-Fe/Al2O3为催化剂的非均相光Fenton体系降解阳离子红GTL模拟废水,考察了H2O2浓度、催化剂用量、初始pH值及不同工艺过程对降解效果的影响,通过紫外-可见漫反射光谱、红外光谱、XPS手段研究铁在反应中的价态变化.结果表明,在11 W低压汞灯照射下,非均相光Fenton体系能够有效地降解结构稳定的阳离子红GTL,在pH 6,反应温度20℃,时间90 min,Ce-Fe/Al2O3 2 g/L,H2O2浓度340 mg/L,含50 mg/L阳离子红GTL模拟废水TOC去除率为92.40%;光Fenton反应中Fe(Ⅲ)转化为Fe(Ⅱ).     

涡流空化/Fenton协同降解溶液中活性艳红K-2BP

采用涡流空化(SC)/Fenton协同降解溶液中活性艳红K-2BP,探讨了H2O2、Fe2+、pH、涡流压力以及活性艳红K-2BP初始浓度对SC/Fenton降解效果的影响。结果表明,H2O2和Fe2+的浓度过高或过低都会降低活性艳红K-2BP的降解率,低pH环境有助于活性艳红K-2BP的降解,活性艳红K-2BP的降解率随涡流压力的增大而升高,随其初始浓度的增加而降低。当活性艳红K-2BP初始质量浓度为10mg/L,H2O2质量浓度为165mg/L,Fe2+摩尔浓度为1.5×10-4mol/L,pH为4.0,涡流压力为0.8MPa时,活性艳红K-2BP降解率可达91.81%。     

超声-Fenton法处理偶氮染料橙黄II的研究

以偶氮染料橙黄II为研究对象 ,考察了Fenton反应在超声辐射条件下 ,pH值、H2 O2 浓度、Fe2 + 离子浓度对COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明 ,超声对Fenton试剂处理偶氮染料橙黄II具有强化作用。超声条件下 ,当染料浓度为10 0mg/L、pH为 3.0、Fe2 + 离子浓度为 10mg/L、H2 O2 浓度为 4 0 0mg/L时 ,反应 90min ,COD去除率最高可达 93%。     

Fenton体系降解水中偶氮染料的研究

研究了Fenton体系对于水溶液中偶氮染料橙G(orange G,OG)的降解,反应30 min后,在[Fe2+]0=0.1mmol/L、[H2O2]0=10 mmol/L、pH=3.0的条件下,初始浓度为20 mg/L的OG的去除率达到99%以上。与H2O2相比,OG的降解速率随着Fe2+不同投加量的变化更为敏感。Fe2+和H2O2初始浓度较高时,反应过程中的Fe2+的浓度维持在一个较低的水平,OG的降解速率较快。腐殖酸对OG在Fenton体系中的降解影响表现出明显的阻碍作用,并且随着腐殖酸浓度的增加,抑制作用越来越大。     

超声-Fenton法处理偶氮染料橙黄Ⅱ的研究

以偶氮染料橙黄Ⅱ为研究对象，考察了Fenton反应在超声辐射条件下，pH值、H2O2浓度、Fe2 离子浓度对COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明，超声对Fenton试剂处理偶氮染料橙黄Ⅱ具有强化作用。超声条件下，当染料浓度为100mg／L、pH为3．0、Fe2 离子浓度为10mg/L、H2O2浓度为400mg／L，反应90min，COD去除率最高可达93％。     

FeAlO_x/MMT催化Fenton反应降解高浓度苯酚废水

以蒙脱土为载体制备负载型Fe/Al复合氧化物（FeAlOx/MMT）用于催化Fenton反应降解高浓度苯酚废水。实验结果表明,活性相FeAlOx中Fe/Al摩尔比为0.22时制备所得催化剂对Fenton反应具有最佳活性,且Fe/Al复合氧化物并未嵌入蒙脱土层间。在低温和高pH条件下催化体系存在诱导期,诱导期内FeAlOx/MMT缓释出Fe离子并进而由Fe离子催化溶液中的Fenton反应。通过对非均相催化降解苯酚废水的动力学研究发现,H2O2初始浓度、溶液的pH和反应温度对COD降解效率具有显著影响。调节降解过程中的温度序列和氧化剂引入程序能够缓解高温和高双氧水浓度双重因素耦合导致的HO.自消耗。在优化的降解条件下使用理论用量的H2O2可使得1 g/L的苯酚废水中苯酚降解率达到100%,而COD的降解率则达到97%。     

Widespread occurrence of estrogenic UV-filters in aquatic ecosystems in Switzerland

We performed a trace analytical study covering nine hormonally active UV-filters by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS in river water and biota. Water was analysed at 10 sites above and below wastewater treatment plants in the river Glatt using polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). Four UV-filters occurred in the following order of decreasing concentrations; benzophenone-4 (BP-4) > benzophenone-3 (BP-3) > 3-(4-methyl)benzylidene-camphor (4-MBC) > 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (EHMC). BP-4 ranged from 0.27 to 24.0 μg/POCIS, BP-3, 4-MBC and EHMC up to 0.1 μg/POCIS. Wastewater was the most important source. Levels decreased with higher river water flow. No significant in-stream removal occurred. BP-3, 4-MBC and EHMC were between 6 and 68 ng/L in river water. EHMC was accumulated in biota. In all 48 macroinvertebrate and fish samples from six rivers lipid-weighted EHMC occurred up to 337 ng/g, and up to 701 ng/g in 5 cormorants, suggesting food-chain accumulation. UV-filters are found to be ubiquitous in aquatic systems.     

Surfactant effect on persistence of oxadiazolyl 3(2H)-pyridazinones against Pseudaletia separata walker

The photodynamic decomposition of two new insect-growth inhibitors (IGRs), 2-tert-butyl-5-[5′-aryl-2′-(1′,3′,4′-oxadiazolyl)methoxy]-3(2H)-pyridazinones (OPB) and its 4-chloro substituted derivative (OPC), and effect of surfactants on persistence of their bioactivity were taken into investigation. Both chemicals were significantly induced to photolysis by ultraviolet light at 365 nm wavelength and their inhibitory activities against Pseudaletia separata larvae decreased with the increasing irradiation time. However, irradiation at 254 nm wavelength didn't cause their photodegradation. Triton X-100 and Succinic-sulfonie acidic sodium but not Tween 60 possessed strong capability to slow down the decomposition and obviously prolonged the half life of OPC in laboratory and field whilst effects of the three surfactants almost did not preserve the inhibitory activity of OPB. Data suggested that electron-withdrawing halogen (?Cl) on the π electron system in planar benzene-oxadialyl structures might reduce the efficiency of OPC on ultraviolet (UV) photoabsorption, and its hydrophobic interaction with the surfactants might be beneficial for forming stable micellar solubilization, thus sustaining the chemical's bioactivity.     

Synthesis and antifungal activity of 2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one derivatives

A series of 2-alkyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-ones (4a-l) was easily synthesized by two-step process involving O-alkylation of 2-nitrophenols with methyl 2-bromoalkanoates and next “green” catalytic reductive cyclization of the obtained 2-nitro ester intermediates (3a-l). Further, 6,7-dibromo (5a-c) and N-acetyl (6) derivatives were prepared by bromination and acetylation of unsubstituted 2-alkyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-ones (4a-c). The novel compounds (3a-l, 4d-l, 5a-c and 6) were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods (MS, ¹H and ¹³C NMR). 2-Alkyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-ones (4a-l, 5a-c and 6) were screened for antifungal activity. Preliminary assays were performed using two methods: in vitro against seven phytopathogenic fungi—Botrytis cinerea, Phythophtora cactorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Phoma betae, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata—and in vivo against barley powdery mildew Blumeria graminis. The tested compounds displayed moderate to good antifungal activity at high concentration (200 mg L^?1). The most potent compounds were 2-ethyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (4a), 2-ethyl-7-fluoro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (4g) and 4-acetyl-2-ethyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (6), which completely inhibited the mycelial growth of seven agricultural fungi at the concentration of 200 mg L^?1 in the in vitro tests. Moreover, 2-ethyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (4a) and 4-acetyl-2-ethyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (6) were also screened for antifungal activity at concentrations of 100 mg L^?1 and 20 mg L^?1. In the concentration of 100 mg L^?1, the N-acetyl derivative (6) completely inhibited the growth of three strains of fungi (F. culmorum, P. cactorum and R. solani), while 2-ethyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (4a) completely inhibited only R. solani strain. At the concentration of 20 mg L^?1, compound 6 showed good activity only against P. cactorum strain (72%).     

生物活性炭在生活污水处理中的基础研究

探讨利用粒状生物活性炭（GBAC）和固定粉状生物活性炭（IPBAC）对人工废水CODMn处理的效果。结果表明,GBAC和IPBAC中微生物的生长（UV254）与运行周期密切相关。GBAC和IPBAC运行初期内,炭表面的生物膜逐步形成,微生物不稳定,从而导致UV254值波动较大。随着运行周期的延长,生物膜生长逐步趋于稳定。随着炭层高度的增长,生物活性炭对CODMn的去除率也越大。GBAC与IPBAC对CODMn都有很高的去除率,但GBAC对CODMn的去除率高于IPBAC。     

自然水体中主要有毒有机物的研究进展

介绍了主要有毒有机物多环芳烃(PAHs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)、有机氯农药(OCPs)在环境中的危害及其来源,着重评述了近年来中国自然水体中和沉积物中该类污染物的研究进展,指出新的检测技术的开发、有毒有机物的生殖毒性和生态环境风险影响方法学的研究及污染区域污染控制、消减及修复是今后该领域的工作重点.     

景观影响评价中"景观"的内涵和应用探讨

针对目前不同学科对于景观概念存在多种不同的解释,文章对环境影响评价中所基于的景观概念的内涵进行了探讨,指出了景观科学具有边缘性和开放性的特点。并根据目前中国景观影响评价的实际情况,提出了一些建议。     

强化生物除磷的机理模型研究进展

主要论述了以乙酸盐及葡萄糖作为基质的强化生物除磷的相关机理模型。当以乙酸盐为底物时．重点需要明确导致工艺中微生物代谢模式差异的原因及厌氧条件下还原力供给方式的问题;当以葡萄糖为底物时．主要需要解决厌氧条件下供能方式以及各种微生物之间的关系。某些抑制条件(如供氧不足)可能会促进强化生物除磷效果的实现。强化生物除磷各种机理的差异主要由所驯化的优势微生物种类及其代谢模式不同而造成的。     

土壤改良剂对油菜富集238U、226 Ra及232 Th的影响

通过网室盆栽试验,研究了施加磷矿粉(PR)、羟基磷矿粉(HA)、豆渣(SM)、骨碳(BC)及硫酸亚铁等土壤改良剂对油菜(Brassica oleracea L.)自铀矿区污染农田土壤吸收铀(238U)、镭(226Ra)及钍(232Th)的影响.结果表明,不同处理下油菜茎叶对238U、226Ra及232Th的富集系数分别在3.6×10-3～6.2×10-3、6.2×10-3～10.0×10-3及0.9×10-4～2.0×10-4之间.上述不同改良剂处理均能在一定程度上降低植物对238U、226Ra及232Th的吸收,以SM、HA处理效果较显著,其中SM处理下238U、226Ra及232Th的富集系数分别比对照降低42.9%、39%和71%.SM及HA对降低铀矿区污染土壤中植物对上述核素的吸收和富集具有潜在的应用价值.     

活性红M-3BE脱色真菌的筛选及脱色性能研究

从自然环境中分离到2株对染料活性红M-3BE具有明显脱色效果的真菌,经形态学和26S rDNA序列分析,将其鉴定为Fusarium oxysporum和Geosmithia viridis.采用初始浓度50 mg/L M-3BE的液体培养基同步脱色培养,F.oxysporum在24 h内对M-3BE的脱色率为96%,G.viridis在36 h内的脱色率为82%.对脱色酶系的检测结果表明,脱色过程中F.oxysporum能产生LiP和MnP,G.viridis则仅产生LiP.此外,F.oxysporu和G.viridis对另外7种染料的脱色率也可分别达到16%～100%和83.3%～100%.