太湖蓝藻暴发成因及其富营养化控制

根据近年太湖水质和生物监测资料，结合近年藻类生长趋势和区域污染物人湖状况，探讨近年夏季梅梁湖蓝藻暴发原因，并提出了控制太湖富营养化措施。     

乡镇工业废水对农业环境影响的典型调查

选择较有代表性的宁波市郊慈镇作为典型，调查分析了铜业乡镇企业对周围农业环境的污染情况。调查结果表明，污染源附近水域水质铜含量为０．００９～８．４６１ｍｇ／Ｌ，超标率为４３．８％，锌为０．０２～５．９２ｍｇ／Ｌ，超标率为３７．５％。土壤中铜的含量为３３．１～３２６．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ，超标率为７２．２％。粮食中铜含量为２．１９～２４．２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，超标率为３７．５％。     

伊犁西部居民饮水（茶）氟适宜浓度的探讨

对伊犁西部居民所接触的环境介质中氟含量和日摄氟总量进行调查，推出其饮水（茶）氟的适宜浓度为：饮水氟０．５３ｍｇ／Ｌ，饮茶氟１．３６ｍｇ／Ｌ，茶叶用量应控制在５．２３ｇ／日·人以下．     

气相色谱法测定环境空气中氯化苄和甲苯

用串联的乙醇吸收管收集环境空气中的氯化苄和甲苯，以毛细管柱分离，氢火焰检测器测定，保留时间定性，峰高定量。氯化苄平均浓度在４．２９ｍｇ／Ｌ～２１．４ｍｇ／Ｌ时，相对标准偏差在３．３％～４．６％之间；甲苯平均浓度为４．１８ｍｇ／Ｌ～２０．６ｍｇ／Ｌ时，相对标准差在４．４％～７．８％范围内。方法快速、灵敏度高，有较好的精密度与准确度。     

气相色谱法测定废水和废气中N‘,N—二甲基甲酰胺

以气相色谱石英毛细管柱分离，ＦＩＤ检测，测定废水和废气中Ｎ’，Ｎ－二甲基甲酰胺（ＤＭＦ），在１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ￣１８８１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内有良好的线性关系，检测限：废水为０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ；废气为０．８ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，样品测定的相对标准差为４％￣８％，回收率在７６％￣１１２％之间，精密度和准确度均较好。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定废水中锑

以钯作基改进剂建立了测定废水中锑的石墨炉原子吸收光谱分析法。方法线性范围为０ｍｇ／Ｌ－１０ｍｇ／Ｌ，检测限为０．０２ｍｇ／Ｌ。相对标准差为３％，回收率为９６．７％－１０１．３％，结果令人满意。     

《环境监测管理与技术》理事会召开“藻类评价与预警监测技术研讨会”

湖泊藻类污染及富营养化是世界性环境治理难题，目前我国正处于此类污染高发期，环保部门也在通过各类途径寻找解决污染监测、预警和污染治理的方法。为做好藻类监测的预测预报，为科学治理藻类污染提供有力的技术支持，《环境监测管理与技术》理事会借上海国际环博会召开之机，《环境监测管理与技术》理事会于9月23—24日在上海召开了“藻类评价与预警监测技术研讨会”。     

催化动力学光度法测定铜的研究

基于铜（Ⅱ）对高锰酸钾氧化二安替比林对甲基苯基甲烷显色的强烈负催化作用，建立了一种测定痕量铜的高灵敏方法。检出限为０．００４ｍｇ／Ｌ，铜含量ｍｇ／Ｌ与ｌｇ（０／Ａ）成良好的线性关系。方法用于环境样中痕量铜的测定，结果满意。     

五里湖——梅梁湖区水污染与防治

通过对五里湖，梅梁湖水质近５年（１９８９－１９９３）每年６次的监测资料分析，五里湖为（４－５）类水质的水体，属重营养化水体，梅梁湖为４类水质的水体，属富营养化－重营养化水体，近几年来富营养化程度在加剧，范围在扩大，通过五里湖，梅梁湖富营养伦原因分析以及水质在分析，提出了五里湖－梅梁湖水污染防治措施。     

气相分子吸收光谱法测定废水中硫化物

应用分子吸收光谱地不同行业废水中的硫化物进行了测定。当水样不含干扰物质时可直接测定，否则需经沉淀、过滤、洗涤前处理。进行一与碘量法和吹气－对氨基二甲基苯胺光度法的对比试验，所测结果较为一致。分子吸收光谱法的线性范围为０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ￣４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ。取５ｍＬ样品直接测定，检测限为０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ；取５ｍＬ样品沉淀等有处理后，检测限为０．００５ｍｇ／Ｌ。测定速度快，直接测定最多２ｍｉｎ即可测一个样品；     

The Spatial-Scale Effect of an Atmospheric Environmental Impact Assessment in Regional Strategic Environmental Assessment (R-SEA)

When evaluating the atmospheric environment in regional strategic environment assessment (R-SEA), the variation and choice of the spatial scale have a substantial influence on the conclusions of the assessment. In this study, we used numerical simulation to investigate the spatial-scale effect. Two varying spatial extents and two varying spatial details of pollutant emission data (emission inventories in this case) were provided for numerical modeling, and output distributions of atmospheric pollutants at different air pollution levels were compared. The results show that the resolution and spatial range of data collection do indeed influence the atmospheric prediction and assessment results in R-SEA. The spatial-scale effect is more significant under the air pollution condition than under excellent and good air quality conditions. A comparison of varying spatial extents of emission inventory shows that narrowing the prediction area to a local scale is more conducive to identifying the impact of local pollution sources. A comparison of varying spatial details of emission inventory indicates that a higher resolution is favorable for identifying local high concentrations of pollutants and their locations.     

Ecotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment of exhaust particulates from diesel-powered buses

Diesel exhaust is one of the major sources of fine and ultra-fine particulate matter in urban air. Toxicity of diesel-powered engine emissions has been quite widely assessed; however, much less information is available on their ecotoxicity. In our study, the kinetic version of the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition bioassay based on the ISO 21338:2010 standard was used to characterise the ecotoxicity of diesel-powered buses. It is a direct contact test in which solid samples are tested in suspension and test organisms are in direct contact with toxic particles. The age of the selected buses fell into a wide range; the oldest one was produced in 1987. Diesel engines of different emission standards (Euro0–Euro4) were included. Measured EC₅₀ values of Euro0–Euro1 engine emissions fell into the same range, 1.24–0.96 μg ml^?1, respectively. On the contrary, emission of Euro4 vehicle proved to be non-toxic. Genotoxic potential of the samples was also estimated, using the colorimetric SOS-chromotest?. Genotoxicity was detected also for Euro0 and Euro1 buses, showing correlation with the ecotoxic potential. The fact that the particulates from Euro4 vehicles did not show ecotoxic/genotoxic effect implies that replacing old Euro1 and Euro2 buses can be a highly effective solution for reducing environmental hazard of automotive emissions. The whole-aerosol testing method is a cheap alternative that can be used in engine developments and emission control.     

Monitoring of platinum in the environment

Since the introduction of catalytic converters for the control of vehicle emission, a controversial discussion has begun on platinum emission and its eventual consequences for the environment. This brief overview covers the main aspects of anthropogenic emission of platinum and its bioavailability. Modern analytical methods for Pt determination in different environmental samples are also presented.     

建立深圳市机动车氮氧化物排放因子初探

针对国内机动车排放因子研究处于起步阶段的实际情况,因地制宜地确定了深圳市当地的机动车氮氧化物排放因子研究技术路线,通过大量的调研、实测建立深圳市道路和联片建成区机动车氮氧化物排放因子,为深圳市机动车排气污染研究和控制提供了参数.     

Masonry fireplace emissions test method: Repeatability and sensitivity to fueling protocol

A test method for masonry fireplaces has been evaluated during testing on six masonry fireplace configurations. The method determines carbon monoxide and particulate matter emission rates (g/h) and factors (g/kg) and does not require weighing of the appliance to determine the timing of fuel loading.The intralaboratory repeatability of the test method has been determined from multiple tests on the six fireplaces. For the tested fireplaces, the ratio of the highest to lowest measured PM rate averaged 1.17 and in no case was greater than 1.32. The data suggest that some of the variation is due to differences in fuel properties.The influence of fueling protocol on emissions has also been studied. A modified fueling protocol, tested in large and small fireplaces, reduced CO and PM emission factors by roughly 40% and reduced CO and PM rates from 0 to 30%. For both of these fireplaces, emission rates were less sensitive to fueling protocol than emission factors.     

上海市机动车污染实时排放预警系统设计与应用

研究上海市机动车污染的动态排放测算和网格化动态排放清单构建,在实时的交通数据和交通环境监测数据的基础上,结合交通模型、机动车排放清单模型等业务模型和算法,依托大数据存储、可视化和GIS等技术,开发了上海市机动车污染物实时排放预警系统,实现了上海市全市道路的机动车动态排放测算、交通环境政策实施情景模拟和网格化排放清单,更新频率为每30 min一次,包含PM、NOx、CO、SO2、VOCs等污染物和9种车型。系统建成后直接服务于首届中国国际进口博览会,为大气污染排放实时总量跟踪评估、污染源管控措施分析及监测成因分析等提供了有力的实时数据和技术支撑。     

生物技术行业废弃物排放现状及调查评价

由于生物技术的特殊性,生物技术行业所产生生物废弃物的环境排放,对人体健康和生态环境可能带来安全隐患。目前对生物技术行业产生的生物废弃物监管也尚未形成专门的法规和监测评估体系。在实地调研和实验分析的基础上,归纳分析了上海生物技术行业生物废弃物排放种类和管理现状,探讨了生物废弃物的监测评价技术。     

直接采样法确定面源恶臭挥发率的研究进展

确定面源恶臭挥发率的方法一般有两种:间接采样法和直接采样法.直接采样法由于具有许多优点而得到了广泛的应用.采样设备的选择会影响到恶臭样品的组成,通过对比可知,由动态采样器和静态采样器确定的恶臭挥发率的结果是不同的.用风洞法确定的恶臭挥发率与用问接法确定的恶臭挥发率有较好的一致性,可以作为恶臭扩散模型的输入参数.     

江苏省工业VOCs排放现状与管理对策研究

运用排放因子法估算了江苏省主要工业行业VOCs排放量,结果显示石油炼制、有机化工、医药制造、装备涂装是排放量大的重点行业。基于江苏省VOCs排放与控制现状的分析,阐述了石油化工行业是工业VOCs管理控制的重点和难点,在研究总结国内外先进管理经验的基础上,提出了江苏省应在加快制定排放标准、制定企业监管措施、加强监控能力建设等建议,对地方大气环境管理具有参考价值。     

南京某燃煤电厂汞的排放特点及分布特征

选择南京某燃煤电厂330 MW机组，对煤、炉渣、粉煤灰、烟尘、石灰石、石膏和烟气中的汞取样测量，探讨煤中汞在燃烧过程中的变化情况，并进一步分析汞的排放特点及分布特征。指出，煤经燃煤锅炉炉内高温燃烧后，炉渣中的汞对环境影响不明显；粉煤灰、烟尘中的汞存在富集现象，且随着粒径变细，富集程度加剧；燃煤锅炉燃烧后，随石膏排放的汞占比较大，应采取相应的防治措施。