滤层厚度对慢滤池深度处理污水的性能影响

将慢滤池用于污水二级出水的深度处理,并利用小试装置研究了滤层厚度对慢滤池性能的影响。选取浊度、COD和色度三个指标,在滤层不同深度处多次取样,分析各指标沿滤层厚度的变化。结果表明,采用粒径为0．4～0．6mm,滤层厚度为800mm的石英砂做滤床时,慢滤池对二级出水具有较好的净化效果：当进水浊度、COD和色度分别为1.3～6．9NTU、30．4～70．0mg·L^-1和20．6°～57．6°时,平均去除率分别达到86．5％、45．0％和46．3％。从试验结果可以看出,慢滤池类似一个微缩的污水二级处理系统,滤层表面的粘性滤膜起到类似初沉池的作用,可以对各指标实现较好的去除,58．6％的浊度、52．7％的COD和45．7％的色度是在滤层上部去除的;慢滤池中部起到类似曝气池的作用,下部起到类似二沉池的作用,对水质指标也能实现一定的去除。     

厌氧生物滤池-好氧生物炭滤池联合处理生活污水

在春季低温条件下,利用厌氧生物滤池、好氧生物炭滤池处理生活污水,比较两者的性能,探讨低成本处理生活污水的方法.结果表明,厌氧生物滤池停留时间为14h,COD的去除率可达83%;在滤速为0.4-1.2m·h-1范围内,好氧生物炭滤池的TOC去除率高于厌氧生物滤池, TN去除率低于厌氧生物滤池.     

厌氧水解—高负荷生物滤池处理城镇污水的中试研究

厌氧水解 -高负荷生物滤池是一种利用附着在塑料模块填料上的微生物系统对城镇污水中的污染物质进行降解处理的绿色环保技术。厌氧水解池和高负荷生物滤池采用的塑料模块填料具有高空隙率、高附着面积、高布水性能和抗堵塞的优异性能 ,并无须回流。当厌氧水解池水力停留时间为 4h ,生物滤池水力负荷为 30m3/ (m2 ·d) ,该系统处理城镇污水的CODcr去除率达 75 % - 85 % ,BOD5去除率达 85 % - 95 % ,SS去除率达 85 % -95 % ,处理后出水的上述各项指标均可满足国家二级生物处理排放标准的要求。     

高密度沉淀-活性砂过滤工艺在钢铁工业废水处理中的应用

采用调节池-高密度沉淀池-活性砂滤池-消毒为主要处理工艺,处理钢铁工业废水并回用,介绍该工艺技术特点、主要构筑物的技术参数以及运行效果。工程监测结果表明,该工艺对总硬度、浊度及COD的去除率分别达到60%、85%及62%以上,出水水质各项指标均达到《城市污水再生利用工业用水水质标准》(GB/T19923-2005)要求。处理系统运行稳定,耐冲击能力强。     

MAP法和SBR法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

氨氮浓度为2570.45mg·l-1的垃圾渗滤液经磷酸铵镁沉淀法处理后的处理出水中TN约为79.35mg·l-1,TP约为10.35mg·l-1,电导率约为78000μS·cm-1.研究用SBR法进一步处理处理出水的可行性.用常规的活性污泥,探讨了污水的含盐量和系统运行周期对TN,TP和COD去除率的影响.结果表明,当垃圾渗滤液处理出水和生活污水以1: 4混合后,TN约为48.0mg·l-1,TP约为6.0mg·l-1,COD约为1150.0mg·l-1,电导率略为15000μS·cm-1.运行的适宜周期为12h(其中厌氧2.0h,好氧5.0h,缺氧3.5h,后耗氧0.5h,沉淀排水和闲置1.0h).在此条件下,出水TN小于15 mg·l-1,TP小于1.0mg·l-1,COD约为110mg·l-1.TN,TP和COD去除率分别约为77%,87%和90%.     

给水管网流速对水质和生物膜种群结构的影响

为了解析水流流速对给水管网的影响,采用给水管网模拟系统,动态监测28 d内的水质,对第28日的生物膜进行生物量测定和16S r DNA测序;并利用统计分析方法解析主体水水质和生物膜之间的相互关系.结果显示:在流速为0.5 m/s时,主体水中总有机碳(TOC)最为丰富(5.26±0.17 mg/L),悬浮细菌总数(n)最多[lg(n+1/m L~(-1))=4.79±0.02],综合水质为最差(3.69),而且生物膜细菌总数(n)最大[lg(n+1/cm~(-2))=5.48±0.06];Pearson相关分析显示,不同流速下生物膜细菌总数与主体水水质指标中的电导率(R=0.73,P0.01)、浊度(R=0.87,P0.001)、TOC(R=0.94,P0.001)和细菌总数(R=0.92,P0.001)成正相关,与余氯(R=-0.68,P0.05)成负相关;在低流速(0.1 m/s)和高流速(2.5 m/s)条件下生物膜多样性较高,而在0.5 m/s流速下,生物膜细菌种群多样性处于最低水平;变形菌门(Proteobacteria)在生物膜的群落结构中占主导地位.本研究表明给水管网流速影响水质和生物膜种群结构,水质与生物膜种群结构存在相互关系,结果可为管网生物膜的研究提供理论依据.     

生态型组合人工湿地污水处理工艺

建立了由生物调节池、好氧降解与微生物培养池、潜流湿地和表流湿地组成的生态型污水处理组合工艺系统,用以处理生活污水和试验室废水。系统连续运行2年的处理效果持续稳定,出水水质达到国家(GB 18918-2002)1级排放标准。该工艺的建设成本和运行成本低,用地面积小于2 m2/t,建设成本为300~500元/t,运行耗电量小于0.1元/t,管理维护等费用约为0.1元/t,运行合计费用小于0.2元/t,该生态型组合人工湿地所具有的环境效益、经济效益及社会效益,对于处理水量不大、水质变化不太大,管理水平不太高的广大中小城镇、居民小区尤其适用。     

多级蚯蚓生态滤池处理生活污水研究

采用多级蚯蚓生态滤池对生活污水进行处理研究,考察多级蚯蚓生态滤池对污水中各类污染物的去除效果.试验结果表明,多级蚯蚓生态滤池连续运行80d,滤池对CODCr、NH4+-N和TP的去除效果良好,去除率分别为80.4%—98.6%、95.5%—99.5%和93.7%—99.7%,出水水质符合要求.但是滤池对TN去除效果不稳定,不加碳源TN去除率降低,最低为26.0%左右,添加碳源后TN去除率维持在60%左右.其中进水中C/N比为3.07,出水中一级滤池、二级滤池和三级滤池的C/N比分别为1.56、0.88和0.72,沿程水样C/N比呈逐级下降的趋势.运行22d后,在二级滤池出水中添加葡萄糖调节C/N比为3—6,总氮去除率上升.对TN去除研究分析,推断出碳源不足是TN去除率降低的重要原因.相比单级的蚯蚓生态滤池,多级蚯蚓生态滤池生活污水处理的更加彻底,应用前景更加广泛。     

天津纪庄子再生水厂改扩建工程总体设计

天津纪庄子再生水厂改扩建工程在不新增占地的情况下,在大量工程性试验的基础上,通过采取将砂滤池改造为浸没式微滤膜滤池等措施,成功地将全厂处理工艺统一为混凝沉淀、微滤、臭氧氧化和部分反渗透工艺,处理规模从5.0万m3/d增加到7.0万m3d,同时大幅度提高了出水水质。该工程是国家水专项示范工程,采用的先进技术和工程措施可供现有再生水厂、自来水厂的升级改造和扩建工程参考。     

加压生物接触氧化法处理染料废水

本试验用一种新方法——加压生物接触氧化法处理染料生产废水.试验规模为1m~3/h.废水先经调节预处理,进水水质平均COD为619mg/L,BOD_5为336mg/L时,经6.5h处理后,出水COD去除率可达70%,BOD_5去除率在98%以上.与常规法相比,它具有处理时间短,主要设备占地面积小,设备投资省及操作总能耗低的特点.     

砂柱对济南城市屋面雨水径流净化效果的试验

针对屋面雨水回灌裂隙岩溶含水层要求快速量大和水质要求高的特点,设计了相适宜的砂滤柱.采用室内砂滤试验研究了济南市屋面雨水径流回灌裂隙岩溶含水层之前的雨水净化效果.结果表明,砂柱对屋面雨水径流污染物有明显的去除效果,浊度的平均去除率达到87%,悬浮物的平均去除率达到70%以上,对色度、挥发酚、Pb和Zn也有一定的去除效果,对NH3-N、NO2-N的去除效果较差.浊度、色度和悬浮物等大部分污染物的去除主要集中在上层完成,因此,砂柱的上层需要定期更换.     

城市污水回用三种处理工艺的选择

本文针对我国城市二级出水的特点,研究了污水深度处理的三种工艺:絮凝沉淀过滤、微絮凝过滤和直接过滤.装置采用网格反应池、翼片斜板沉淀池、气水同时冲洗粗砂滤池.药剂选用聚合硫酸铁,试验规模120m~3/d.     

A/O-MBR处理某经济区市政污水的效能

采用A/O-MBR法处理某经济区市政污水,对其进、出水的水质进行连续监测,考察系统稳定性和处理效果。结果表明,在水力停留时间12小时,污泥龄30天,回流比75%,好氧段DO浓度1.3～8.5 mg/L的条件下,系统对COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷的平均去除率分别为92.04%、93.66%、78.04%、91.06%。反硝化...     

Occurrence and fate of antibiotics in advanced wastewater treatment facilities and receiving rivers in Beijing,China

The occurrence and removal of 13 antibiotics were investigated in five wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） with advanced wastewater treatment processes in Beijing, China. Most of the target antibiotics were detected in the secondary and tertiary effluents, with the concentrations of 4.8-1106.0 and 0.3-505.0ng·L^-1. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics showed relatively high concentrations in all samples （782-1814ng·L^-1）. Different tertiary treatment processes showed discrepant antibiotics removal performances. Ozonation process was found more effective in removing target antibiotics compared to the coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation process and sand filtration process. Investigation of the target antibiotics in three typical urban rivers in Beijing was carried out to understand antibiotics occurrence in surface water environment. Eight antibiotics were detected in the studied rivers, with highest concentration of antibiotics in the fiver which was mainly replenished by reclaimed water. This study showed the necessity of employing more effective advanced treatment facilities to further reduce the discharge amount of antibiotics.     

Characterization of natural organic matters effect on the biodegradation in the slow sand filter

This study focuses on the differences in biodegradation of the natural organic matters (NOMs) of p-hydroxy-benzoic acid (PHBA) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid (VA) with slow sand filter (SSF). The PHBA and VA were biologically transformed into another organic matter in the slow sand filtration (SSF) at the start-up period. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of PHBA and VA were stabilized at 2 mg/l after 5th day. The SUVA value of PHBA run decreased with higher sand depth and flow rate, and VA run's increased with higher sand depth, but smaller than PHBA run. Therefore, the PHBA promoted the DBPFP (formation potential of disinfection by products), the VA brought higher biodegradation and lower DBPFP.     

气浮中试工艺中若干运行参数

为找出气浮(DAF)工艺的最佳运行工艺参数,对影响气浮工艺出水效果较大的预处理条件、混凝剂投量、水力负荷、水力条件、回流比、刮渣周期等运行参数做了大量的中试试验研究,发现适当的预臭氧处理可以提高UV254的去除,预加氯可以提高对浊度和藻类的去除,预加高锰酸盐可以提高对浊度、藻类、嗅味和UV254等的去除,预加粉末活性炭可以提高对有机物、色度、嗅味的去除,混凝剂投量从10 mg/L增加到50 mg/L,气浮工艺对有机物的去除率提高了30%~40%,水力负荷越高气浮出水浊度越高,回流比越大气浮出水浊度越低,气浮池过长的刮渣周期也会降低出水水质。总之,合理调整气浮池的工艺参数,可以提高气浮出水水质,降低运行成本。     

Flocculation behaviors of a novel papermaking sludge-based flocculant in practical printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

•PSBF performed better than PAC and PAM in CODCr removals. •PSBF was more insensitive to changing pH than PAC and PAM. •PAC could remove humic acid-like pollutants and dye particles. •PSBF was efficient in removing tryptophan-like pollutants from PPDW. •A secondary coagulation-flocculation process (PAC→PSBF) is proposed here. In our previous studies, several papermaking sludge-based flocculants (PSBFs) were synthesized from wood pulp papermaking sludge. The structure-activity relationships of the PSBFs have been investigated in simulated dye wastewater treatment, but their efficiencies in practical printing and dyeing wastewater (PPDW) treatment are unknown. Herein, an PSBF was prepared, and its performance is discussed in comparison to polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and polyacrylamide (PAM) in PPDW treatment. The PSBF was used in three ways: as an independent flocculant, as a PAC aid, or used to treat the effluent of the PAC system. The results indicated that adding PSBF alone produced similar color and chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr) removals as the PAC system alone, but PSBF performed better than PAC when the pH of PPDW was higher than 7.0. Adding PSBF as a PAC aid improved the color, COD_Cr and turbidity removals, but the elimination efficiencies were slightly lower than those of the PAC+ PAM system. However, when PSBF was used as a flocculant to treat the effluent of the PAC system (PAC→PSBF), the effluent qualities were enhanced. Compared with the PAC system, the color and COD_Cr removals of PAC→PSBF system increased by 16.21% and 13.26%, respectively. The excitation and emission matrix fluorescence results indicated that PSBF removed tryptophan-like pollutants more efficiently than PAC. Considering the pH requirements of the subsequent bioreactor treatment in practice, the PAC→PSBF system were also investigated at the PPDW pH level of 7.0. Its maximum removal efficiencies of color, COD_Cr and turbidity were 90.17%, 32.60% and 82.50%, respectively.