1株苯并［a］芘高效降解菌的筛选与降解特性

从广东省贵屿镇受污染河涌底泥中筛选出1株能利用苯并[a]芘(BaP)作为唯一碳源和能源生长的高效降解菌株.经生理生化试验和16S rRNA序列测定,鉴定该菌为短短芽胞杆菌(Brevibacillus brevis).该菌在7 d内对1 mg.L-1BaP的降解率达51.35%.降解性能研究表明,pH、温度、投菌量、BaP初始浓度和处理时间等是影响BaP降解的重要因素.B.brevis对pH与温度均有较广泛的耐受范围,在pH 2～12和温度为25～40℃的范围内对BaP均有降解能力,中性(pH=7)和室温(25℃)为最优条件.随着投菌量的增加,B.brevis对BaP的处理能力呈先增强后平缓的趋势;而BaP初始浓度的增加,则使降解量呈不断上升的趋势.水杨酸、琥珀酸和邻苯二甲酸的加入并不能明显提高B.brevis对BaP的降解效果.处理BaP后菌体表面褶皱增多,随着时间的延长,菌体出现表面凹陷、瘪塌变形的现象.     

毒死蜱降解菌的分离鉴定与降解效能测定

取毒死蜱废水处理系统出口处的污泥进行驯化培养,分离出能降解毒死蜱的3株高效降解菌株B、D1和D3,对降解效果最好的D3菌株经中科院微生物研究所鉴定为玫瑰红红球菌(Rhodococcus rhodochrous);3株菌株的生长情况及对毒死蜱的降解动力学研究表明,B菌株在第3天繁殖增量达到最大,D1、D3菌株在第4天繁殖增量达到最大,B、D1和D3菌株的最适宜生长温度都是在30℃;采用10 mg·L-1毒死蜱作为唯一碳源时,B、D1和D3菌株对毒死蜱的降解速率分别为0.0543、0.0479和0.0620 h-1;对于浓度为10 mg·L-1的毒死蜱,D3菌投入的初始菌量OD223为0.4是最适宜的;D3菌对不同初始浓度的毒死蜱降解表明,初始浓度增大,降解速率降低,半衰期延长.     

壬基酚和双酚A降解菌株的分离、鉴定和特性研究

对深圳某污水处理厂反硝化除磷活性污泥进行驯化,分离筛选得到一株能同时降解壬基酚(NP)和双酚A (BPA)的菌株NB-1.根据对菌株的16S rRNA基因序列分析,结合菌落和菌体形态以及生理生化特征,初步鉴定菌株NB-1为Serratia marcescens(粘质沙雷菌).通过摇瓶试验进行了菌株降解条件的优化和降解特性的探索.结果表明,菌株NB-1降解NP和BPA的最佳条件为:醋酸钠投加量为20 mg·L-1,温度为32q℃,pH值为8,接种量为2％,在该条件下,对菌株降解不同初始浓度NP和BPA的过程进行了动力学分析,结果表明,降解反应前36 h符合一级反应动力学.NP和BPA降解的最适初始浓度为10～20 mg·L-1,当底物浓度均为10 mg·L-1时,NP和BPA的去除率分别为54.2％、44.7％,BPA的去除率达到最大值;当底物浓度均为20 mg·L-1时,NP和BPA的去除率分别为56.4％、40.2％,此时NP的去除率达到最大值.     

热激活过硫酸盐氧化降解水中双酚A

应用热激活过硫酸盐降解水中双酚A(BPA)并分析初始底物浓度、过硫酸盐投加量、温度、初始pH以及常见的过渡金属物质(Ni_2O_3、Fe~0、Fe~(2+))对降解效果的影响.结果表明:热激活过硫酸盐降解双酚A符合拟一级反应动力学(R~20.96)和符合阿伦尼乌斯模型(R~20.95);表观速率常数k_(obs)与初始底物浓度呈负相关,与过硫酸盐投加量、温度、初始pH呈正相关,计算出的反应活化能为146.64kJ/mol;过渡金属物质的投加可以大幅促进双酚A的降解,[Fe~x]_0(Fe~(2+)、Fe~0):[PS]_0=1:2时,降解效果最佳.     

噻嗪酮降解菌BF3的分离、鉴定及降解特性

分离到1株能降解噻嗪酮的细菌BF3,通过生理生化试验和16S rRNA基因同源性序列分析,初步鉴定其属于副球菌属(Paracoccus sp.).该菌在接种量为2%的条件下,7d内对50mg/L噻嗪酮的降解率为68.2%.其最适降解pH值为7.0,降解最适温度为30℃.BF3对低浓度(1,10,30,50mg/L)的噻嗪酮有较好的降解效果,但对高浓度(100,200mg/L)的噻嗪酮降解效果一般,降解速率与起始接种量呈正相关.需氧量试验表明,BF3在通气良好的状况下降解速率较高.     

苯酚降解红球菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

采用富集培养的方法,从唐山污水处理厂附近的植物根际土中分离得到1株高效苯酚降解菌11-111。该菌株为革兰氏阳性菌,可以在以苯酚为唯一碳源和能源的无机盐培养基上生长,能够耐受最高浓度为2 000 mg/L的苯酚。对该菌株的降解性能研究表明,在温度24~32℃,pH值6.5~8.5,装液量≤20 mL(100 mL摇瓶)范围内,摇床转速为160 r/min,菌株对初始浓度500~1 500 mg/L的苯酚均能有效降解。根据该菌株的形态、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析结果,鉴定为红球菌属(Rhodococcus sp.)菌株。该菌株具有较强的环境适应能力和苯酚降解能力,有较高的研究价值及应用前景。     

苯醚甲环唑降解菌B2的分离、鉴定及其降解特性

从长期生产苯醚甲环唑的农药厂污泥中分离到1株能以苯醚甲环唑为唯一碳源生长的细菌,命名为B2.根据其生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因序列相似性分析,将该菌株鉴定为剑菌属(Ensifer sp.).菌株B2在24h内降解100mg/L的苯醚甲环唑的效率达85%以上.该菌株降解苯醚甲环唑的最适pH值为7.0,最适温度为30~35℃,降解速率与初始接种量呈正相关,与初始农药浓度呈负相关.基础盐培养基中,B2对初始浓度>400mg/L的苯醚甲环唑几乎无降解作用.     

臭氧法降解水中对甲基苯磺酸的动力学研究

采用臭氧法降解对甲基苯磺酸废水,研究了对甲基苯磺酸降解的影响因素和动力学.考察了反应液初始浓度、初始pH值、臭氧投量、反应温度、常见无机离子等因素对臭氧氧化降解对甲基苯磺酸反应速率的影响.结果表明,对甲基苯磺酸初始浓度0.29mmol.L-1,pH9.0,臭氧投量3.75×10-6mol.s-1,控制温度25℃,反应6...     

一株萘降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性研究

从某焦化厂活性污泥曝气池中筛选出1株能够以萘为唯一碳源生长的优势降解菌株ZJ2H.通过形态学观察、生理生化试验、16S rDNA序列及系统发育学分析,确定菌株ZJ2H为解甘露醇罗尔斯顿菌(Ralstonia mannitolilytica).考察了初始底物质量浓度、投菌量、pH值、温度、盐质量浓度和转速等因素对该菌降解...     

UV/PMS体系硝基氯酚降解动力学及机理研究

采用紫外光(UV)/单过氧硫酸氢盐(PMS)体系可有效地氧化降解4-氯-2-硝基酚(4C2NP).考察了溶液pH值、底物初始浓度、PMS初始浓度和氯离子、硝酸根离子初始浓度对4C2NP降解效果的影响.在pH2~5时,体系中4C2NP的降解速率并未出现显著差异;随着pH值升高至近中性,其降解过程受到一定程度抑制.初始底物浓度和PMS浓度与体系中4C2NP的降解速率分别呈现负、正相关关系.外加氯离子对4C2NP降解呈现出双重作用,而硝酸盐离子对4C2NP降解抑制作用不显著.脱氯和脱硝过程是4C2NP主要的降解途径.被释放的氯离子会通过自由基反应进行再氯化过程,而脱落的硝基会很快被氧化生成稳定的硝酸盐,从而抑制了硝基的循环过程.最后,根据中间产物推断了4C2NP降解过程的反应机理.     

环境激素对叔辛基酚降解菌的筛选、鉴定及降解特性

为了研究环境激素4-t-OP(对叔辛基酚)的生物降解,从扬州市汤汪生活污水处理厂二沉池污泥中筛选得到1株能以4-t-OP为唯一碳源进行生长的降解菌株,标示为TW30,16S rRNA测试其为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter sp.),通过摇瓶试验测试其降解活性.结果表明:在40℃、初始pH为6.0、ρ(4-t-OP)为5 mg/L的无机盐培养基中,5 d后降解率可达99.03%;降解过程满足一级反应模型,降解速率常数(k)为0.875 d-1,半衰期(t1/2)为0.8 d.这说明TW30是一株高效的4-t-OP降解菌.此外,培养温度的升高和额外Ca2+、Mn2+的加入可以提高TW30降解4-t-OP的效率,而在5～25 mg/L范围内提高初始ρ(4-t-OP)以及额外加入磷酸盐、NH4+、Mg2+、Fe2+、Na+、Zn2+、Cu2+等无机盐和葡萄糖、CH3COO-等碳源则会降低降解率.      

河口底泥来源真菌Trichoderma asperellum对壬基酚的降解路径

从壬基酚(Nonylphenol,NP)污染严重的李村河口底泥中分离纯化出可实验室培养的真菌,以高浓度NP为环境选择压力筛选出了一株目标菌株,18S rDNA确定其归属为棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)。实验室内研究了该菌株对NP的生物降解过程,LC/MS分析其代谢产物,据此提出了NP可能的生物降解路径。菌株的生长曲线表明NP能促进其生长,该菌株3 d对5 mg/L NP的降解率为71.4%,7 d的降解率达到87.2%,14 d则达到了92.2%。LC/MS分析确定了NP四种代谢产物,分别是2-甲基-1-苯基丁醇、3,5-二羟基苯甲酸、苯二酚和苯甲醚(或苄醇)。提出了两种NP可能的生物降解路径,Ⅰ是最终转化成苯二酚,Ⅱ是最终转化成苯甲醚或苄醇。     

17α-乙炔基雌二醇降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性

从避孕药生产厂废水处理站的活性污泥中驯化、分离到1株能够以17α-乙炔基雌二醇(17-αethynylestradiol,EE2)为唯一碳源和能源生长的菌株JCR5.经过对其形态特征、生理生化以及16S rDNA序列分析,该菌株为鞘氨醇杆菌属(Sphingobacterium sp.).研究表明,菌株JCR5利用EE2生长的适宜温度为25～40℃,培养基初始pH为7～9.金属离子Ni²⁺、Mn²⁺、Cu²⁺、Fe³⁺能够促进菌株的生长,而Zn²⁺、Ag⁺、Pb²⁺、Ca²⁺和Al³⁺离子对菌株的生长具有不同程度的抑制作用.菌株JCR5在10d内对初始底物浓度为30mg·L^-1EE2的降解率可达到87%.     

Accelerated biodegradation of nitrophenols in the rhizosphere of Spirodela polyrrhiza

We investigated the biodegradation of 2-nitrophenol (2-NP), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), and 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) in the rhizosphere of Spirodela polyrrhiza plants by conducting degradation experiments with three river water samples supplemented with each nitrophenol (NP). We then isolated NP-degrading bacteria both from the S. polyrrhiza roots and from the river water. In the river water samples, removal of the three NP was accelerated in the presence of S. polyrrhiza plants. The three NPs persisted in an autoclaved solution with sterile plants suggests that NP removal was accelerated largely by bacterial NP biodegradation rather than by adsorption and uptake by the plants. We isolated 8 strains of NP-degrading bacteria: 6 strains from the S. polyrrhiza roots and 2 strains from river water without the plants. The 2-NP- and 2,4-DNP-degrading bacteria were isolated only from the S. polyrrhiza roots. The 4-NPdegrading bacteria different from those isolated from the river water samples were also found on S. polyrrhiza roots. The 2-NP- and 4-NP-degrading strains isolated from the roots utilized the corresponding NP (0.5 mmol/L) as the sole carbon and energy source. The 2,4-DNP-degrading strains isolated from the roots showed substantial 2,4-DNP-degrading activity, but the presence of other carbon and energy sources was required for their growth. The isolated NP-degrading bacteria from the roots must have contributed to the accelerated degradation of the three NPs in the rhizosphere of S. polyrrhiza. Our results suggested that rhizoremediation with S. polyrrhiza may be effective for NP-contaminated surface water.     

2株分别降解壬基酚和双酚A细菌的分离、鉴定和降解特性

对上海天山污水处理厂氧化沟的活性污泥进行驯化,分离纯化并筛选得到2株能分别以壬基酚（NP）和双酚A（BPA）为唯一碳源和能源生长的降解菌株N1和B2.根据菌株的16S rDNA序列同源性分析,结合菌落和菌体形态以及生理生化特征,初步鉴定N1为柠檬酸杆菌属（Citrobacter sp.57）,B2为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus sp.A1-3）.通过摇瓶试验并借助正交试验优化菌株降解条件,结果表明,N1降解NP的最佳条件:35 ℃,初始pH为 5.5,无机盐培养液中初始ρ（NP）为10 　mg/L,降解24 h,去除率达79.64%;B2降解BPA的最优条件:30 ℃,初始pH为 7.0,无机盐培养液中初始ρ（BPA）为10 　mg/L,降解24 h,去除率达78.68%.在该优化温度和初始pH条件下,分别在不同初始ρ（NP）和ρ（BPA）下对N1和B2降解反应过程进行动力学分析,该降解过程在底物质量浓度为5～40 　mg/L时符合Monod方程,N1和B2的动力学参数K_s和μ_m分别为4.32,8.36和0.177 8,0.111 9.      

Degradation of o-chloronitrobenzene as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources by Pseudomonas putida OCNB-1

A bacterial strain that utilized o-chloronitrobenzene(o-CNB) as the sole carbon,nitrogen and energy sources was isolated from an activated sludge collected from an industrial waste treatment plant. It was identified as Pseudomonas putida based on its morphology,physiological,and biochemical characteristics with an automatic biometrical system and the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Microcosm study showed that the biodegradation of o-CNB was optimized at culture medium pH 8.0 and 32°C. At these conditions,the st...     

Biodegradation of organochlorine pesticide endosulfan by bacterial strain Alcaligenes faecalis JBW4

The recently discovered endosulfan-degrading bacterial strain Alcaligenesfaecalis JBW4 was isolated from activated sludge. This strain is able to use endosulfan as a carbon and energy source. The optimal conditions for the growth of strain JBW4 and for biodegradation by this strain were identified, and the metabolic products of endosulfan degradation were studied in detail. The maximum level of endosulfan biodegradation by strain JBW4 was obtained using broth at an initial pH of 7.0, an incubation temperature of 40℃ and an endosulfan concentration of I00 mg/L. The concentration of endosulfan was determined by gas chromatography. Strain JBW4 was able to degrade 87.5% of α-endosulfan and 83.9% of β-endosulfan within 5 days. These degradation rates are much higher than the previously reported bacterial strains. Endosulfan diol and endosulfan lactone were the major metabolites detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; endosulfan sulfate, which is a persistent and toxic metabolite, was not detected. These results suggested that A. faecalis JBW4 degrades endosulfan via a non-oxidative pathway. The biodegradation of endosulfan by A. faecalis is reported for the first time. Additionally, the present study indicates that strain JBW4 may have potential for the biodegradation of endosulfan residues.     

复合菌群生物强化削减NPEO内分泌干扰毒性的试验研究

印染废水中的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(nonylphnol polyethylene ether, NPEO)在生化处理过程中会产生雌激素活性更强的壬基酚(NP)等中间产物,导致处理后印染废水内分泌干扰毒性升高.为探索以NPEO和NP为降解靶点进行菌群生物强化脱毒的可行性,分别以NPEO和NP驯化富集印染活性污泥,并将得到的降解菌群以单独和组合投加方式进行生物强化试验,考察强化控毒效果.结果表明：(1)NPEO降解菌群(NPEB)和NP降解菌群(NPB)中的优势菌均为Proteobacteria,二者对10 mg/L NPEO和NP的48 h去除率均高于98%.(2)单独或组合投加5 mg/L的NPEB和NPB至混合液悬浮固体浓度(MLSS)为500 mg/L的活性污泥体系,均能显著提升活性污泥对不同浓度(10和1 mg/L) NPEO的降解性能,大幅缩短NPEO降解过程中雌激素活性的变化周期,并使体系的雌激素活性维持在较低水平.(3)当降解体系中加入1 000 mg/L葡萄糖作为额外碳源时,NPB的强化性能被完全抑制,而NPEB在降解性能受抑的情况下仍能增强活性污泥的NPEO降解速率并缩短控...     

3-甲基喹啉的微生物降解

从处理油制气废水的活性污泥中分离得到一株菌种Q10，经16SrDNA序列分析鉴定为睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌，该菌可以利用3-甲基喹啉作为唯一碳源和能源生长。着重研究了该菌在好氧条件下利用3-甲基喹啉作为唯一碳源和能源的降解特性．并初步分析了3-甲基喹啉的降解中间产物。实验结果表明：菌种Q10对3-甲基喹啉具有较高的降解性能．3-甲基喹啉降解的主要途径是首先生成单羟基化合物、多羟基化合物，然后主要在苯环上发生开环反应进一步降解。     

Biodegradation of aniline by Candida tropicalis AN1 isolated from aerobic granular sludge

The strain AN1 is successfully isolated from the aerobic granular sludge and it can use aniline as sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source.