Knowledge,attitudes and practices of occupational risks in Colombian taxi drivers

Objective. The objective of this study was to learn about the health and safety strategies in a sample of taxi drivers in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 138 taxi drivers. A survey was used to identify the socio-demographic and working characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and practices according to their occupational risk. Results. Eighty-five percent of the workers labored 9–15?h/day. Of those who suffered accidents, 27% were not affiliated to an occupational risk administrator (p = 0.028). Of the workers who had a work-related accident, 58% considered that the use of a cell phone while driving would not always reduce their attention, 50% always used their seat belt and 7% took active breaks and wore their seat belt (p = 0.01). Conclusions. Within this group of taxi drivers, having or believing to possess knowledge regarding an occupational risk did not ensure that they had a safe attitude or safe working practices.     

我国安全生产基本特征规律研究

从经济社会发展视角,分析安全生产基本特征规律,指出安全生产随产业结构呈现不均衡分布特点,劳动力结构制约安全生产,城市化进程增加安全生产不稳定因素.安全生产与GDP对比分析表明,党和国家采取的一系列重大措施有效抑制了经济快速增长给安全生产带来的负面作用,我国安全生产提前进入事故波动期.通过研究区域经济与安全生产关系,得出我国4大经济区域社会经济发展水平与安全生产之间存在规律性分布特征.该研究的成果为建立安全生产长效机制,实现我国经济社会与生产安全协调发展探讨新的途径.     

密闭空间作业工伤事故百例分析研究

密闭空间作业是导致工伤事故不可忽视的重要原因之一。在洞穴、隧道、倾倒的建筑物、下水道和其他出入孔道、化粪池、罐釜维护检修等空间狭小、空气流通不畅的密闭空间场所工作，发生急性窒息性气体中毒或缺氧等事故的风险很高。为研究这类工伤事故原因及其影响因素，选择近年发生的122例典型事故案例，从调查统计事故发生的行业、岗位、原因、抢险和后果等入手，分析与工伤事故发生的关系，提出预防密闭空间作业伤亡的管理对策和有效工程技术控制措施的建议。     

从提前调整费率论日本劳灾保险与劳灾预防相结合

如何建立工伤保险与工伤事故预防有机结合的机制 ,不仅是我国工伤保险制度改革的重要课题 ,也是日本工伤社会保险改革过程的重要内容之一。日本打破了每隔 3年对费率进行一次调整的惯例 ,从2 0 0 3年度开始 ,提前一年执行了平均被下调了 1‰的新的劳灾保险费率体系。笔者对此举动阐述了以下观点 :除从厚生劳动省说明的近年来劳灾事故大幅度减少及为减轻企业主的负担等原因外 ,还应从处理劳灾保险制度与劳灾事故预防工作的关系上分析提前调整费率的动机。即这个重要决策旨在强调劳灾保险与事故预防的有机结合、利用保险费率的经济杠杆作用 ,借“第 10个防止劳动灾害五年规划”启动之良机 ,全面提高劳动安全卫生管理水平。     

建筑施工安全事故损失内部化分析

当前,安全损失外部化倾向未能从根本上有效调动建筑企业致力于改善安全生产业绩。笔者认为,要从本质上改善我国建筑安全生产状况,必须促使安全损失内部化,该理念不仅有利于落实“企业安全生产责任主体”制度、保护建筑工人及其家庭的权益以及减轻政府负担,而且还能促使整个社会共同致力于改善职业安全与健康状况,从而促进建筑市场的持续健康发展和确保社会的和谐稳定。市场经济条件下,安全损失内部化须借助经济杠杆的调节作用,通过提高赔偿额度、提取安全生产抵押金、制裁或罚款、浮动保险费率、带薪工伤病假以及市场进退机制等手段,加大安全损失内部化力度。安全损失内部化力度的加大,对预防未来的安全事故将起到积极的经济刺激作用,从本质上提高我国建筑业整体安全管理水平。     

德国行业管理中工伤保险的作用及启示

介绍了德国同业公会在职业安全卫生工作和工伤保险中的作用，对我国职业安全卫生的行业管理提出了看法。     

船员劳动工伤伤害主因及基于管理的防范性措施研究

本文根据某大型航运企业最近9年来发生的船员劳动工伤事故,按“企业职工伤亡事故分类标准”中的分类方法,对这些船员劳动工伤事故进行分类统计分析,并提出如何从管理角度,防范此类劳动工伤事故的发生.指出防止船员劳动工伤事故的管理性措施包括:建立船员职业健康安全管理体系,为船员提供一个健康的、安全的、卫生的工作场所;制定配套的船员劳动安全规章制度;建立完善的劳动安全监督机制;加强对船员劳动工伤事故的调查分析;加强安全教育和现场监督管理;进行船员劳动安全风险辨识;为船员提供必要的劳动防护等.     

基于经济学视角的职业健康规制问题研究

用经济学分析工具对现有的职业健康规制进行探讨,研究规制机构、企业和劳动者三方行为主体的博弈,通过分析存在的问题,提出解决职业健康规制的对策。在理顺职业健康规制体制,健全机构的同时不断完善法规体系。同时,加强对劳动者职业健康的保障,完善第三方介入机制,并且加大对违规企业的处罚力度,提高对劳动者的赔偿。不断强化企业作为职业健康责任主体的意识,推进职业危害防治技术创新,培养"以人为本"的职业健康安全文化观念。     

建筑行业农民工的职业安全健康现状及对策

通过分析现阶段我国建筑行业农民工的常见职业性伤害事故以及职业安全健康现状,从教育、技术、监管3个方面提出了引导农民工学会利用法律、通过合法渠道维护自身权益;改善农民工的就业环境,加强个体防护,讲究文明礼貌,遵守职业行为准则,培养科学、文明、健康的生活方式等具体措施,为农村富余劳动力转移提供更多的就业机会,增加农民收入促进城乡经济协调发展,保障建筑行业农民工的职业安全健康提供科学依据。     

Cost and benefits of implementing an occupational safety and health management system (OSH MS) in enterprises in Poland

This article presents a method of assessing the economic outcome of implementing an occupational safety and health management system (OSH MS). Developed at the Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute (Poland), this method focuses on identifying the economic expenses comprising bookkeeping and alternative cost incurred to implement and improve an OSH MS. The method was next used in a study in 20 enterprises. While varying greatly among those enterprises, the alternative cost of implementing and maintaining an OSH MS was much higher than the bookkeeping cost, which was also much lower than the cost of statutory prevention measures. The implementation of an OSH MS resulted in both tangible and intangible benefits, including reduced premiums for work accident insurance.     

职业卫生工作若干问题思考与探讨

在概述职业卫生内涵与基本属性的基础上,对其与职业安全、职业医学与公共卫生的关系进行初探.职业卫生是影响社会经济持续发展的重要因素,是以职业人群和作业环境为服务对象,以为劳动者创造或改善劳动条件(作业环境、劳动组织与管理)为主要手段,以预防和控制职业病或职业危害事故的发生为目的的一项劳动保护工作,与职业安全密不可分,同属劳动关系中劳动保护范畴,与职业医学、公共卫生也有着密切的关系,但并不等同.职业安全卫生的一体化管理是经济社会发展的必然要求,也是我国当前安全生产管理中亟需解决的重要问题.     

On the development of a new hybrid risk assessment process using occupational accidents’ data: Application on the Greek Public Electric Power Provider

The occupational accidents have a major impact upon human integrity and also bring about high costs for the social health and insurance system of a country. In addition, risk analysis is an essential process for the safety policy of a company, having as main aim the effacement of any potential of damage in a productive procedure, while the quantified risk evaluation is the most crucial part of the whole procedure of assessing hazards in the work. The main goal of this study is double: a) the development and presentation of a new hybrid risk assessment process (HRAP) and b) the application of HRAP in the Greek Public Power Corporation (PPC) (the unique electric power provider and the largest industry in Greece), by using occupational accidents that have been recorded, during the 12-year period of 1993-2004. The new process consists of four distinct phases a) the hazard sources’ identification phase, b) the risk consideration phase, c) the risk-evaluation phase, and d) the phase of the risk assessment and safety-related decision making. The results show that in some cases the risk value has been calculated in PPC to be higher than 500 (in the risk rating of 0-1000), which imposes the taking of suppressive measures for abolishing the danger source, while the fatal accident frequency rate (per 10⁸ man-hrs) is FAFR ≅ 2.4.     

我国职业卫生监管工作现状分析

论述我国当前职业卫生监管存在的主要问题,认为监管体制不顺、三方协商机制不健全、法规标准体系建设滞后与落实不力、职业卫生投入不足与特定经济发展阶段是造成我国当前职业卫生监管工作存在困难的主要原因;而要解决我国当前的职业卫生监管存在的问题,需要从理顺监管体制、健全运行机制入手,进一步加强职业卫生法规标准体系的建设,加大职业卫生投入并积极推进职业卫生技术服务的市场化,尤其要借鉴国外发达国家的成功做法,积极推进职业安全卫生的一体化管理。     

Economic cost of occupational accidents: Evidence from a small island economy

Though a number of occupational accidents have occurred amongst the working population in Mauritius, no study has been carried out to measure the costs associated with such accidents to the best of our knowledge. This study bridges this gap by measuring the economic costs of occupational accidents by using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results show that occupational accidents result in costs amounting to nearly Rs. 168 mn of which a major part is accounted for, by loss in productivity. Alongside the highest rate of accidents took place within small enterprises and younger workers are the one taking higher risks mainly due to lack of knowledge and risk awareness. The findings also reveal that only 4% employers believe that investment in safety and health is important for maintaining good business partly because most of the costs are borne by the state. Such a situation therefore requires the need for awareness on practical health and safety systems and procedures among both employees and employers with a view to prevent accident and injuries.     

A process mapping model for calculating indirect costs of workplace accidents

This article follows an earlier one in which four criteria and four bases for the development of an indirect-cost calculation model adapted to the accuracy requirements and time constraints of workplace decision-makers were established. A two-level model for calculating indirect costs using process mapping of the organizational response to a workplace accident is presented. The model is based on data collected in interviews with those employees in charge of occupational health and safety in 10 companies of various sizes in different industry sectors. This model is the first to use process mapping to establish the indirect costs of workplace accidents. The approach allows easy identification of the duration and frequency of actions taken by stakeholders when a workplace accident occurs, facilitates the collection of the information needed to calculate indirect costs and yields a usable, precise result. A simple graphic representation of an organization's accident processes helps the user understand each accident's cost components, allowing the identification and reduction of inefficiencies in the overall process. Impact on Industry: By facilitating data collection and shortening the time needed to assess indirect costs of workplace accidents, this indirect cost calculation tool is better suited for workplace use than those currently available.     

安全生产“十二五”规划若干统计指标考量

生产安全事故统计指标是安全生产监督管理及宏观决策重要依据。为进一步完善我国职业伤害统计指标体系,对安全生产规划中若干指标的科学性和实用性以及存在问题进行了探索。在进行初步实验计算、理论分析和国内外安全生产事故主要统计指标特点对比研究后,提出：在该规划指标中调整或删去＂亿元国内生产总值死亡率＂;增加非致死性事故统计数据,以能更好代表职业伤害事故总量;适度应用重特大事故起数指标和提高十万人死亡率统计指标精确性等几点建议。作者认为应加强职业伤害指标体系研究,从而尽快实现我国统计指标与国际接轨,在《国际劳工统计年鉴》中重现中国职业伤害统计数据。     

Occupational safety conditions of bus drivers in Metro Manila,the Philippines

The study looks into the occupational safety and working conditions among bus drivers in Metro Manila, the Philippines. Quantitative data were collected through survey interviews of 95 bus drivers using the stratified sampling technique. Results showed that bus drivers worked an average of 16?h/day and were engaged in risky driving behaviors such as over-speeding and road racing in order to reach their quota for the day. Fifty-nine percent experienced work-related accidents, with a mean of three accidents. The most common accident was hitting another vehicle followed by side swipe. The accidents were blamed on other drivers, followed by vehicle defect, inattentiveness and tiredness/micro-sleep or sudden involuntary sleep while driving. The most common health symptoms experienced by the bus drivers were fatigue, back pain, and cough and colds. This study underlines the need for an occupational health and safety program for bus drivers in the Philippines.