废旧资源再生利用大有可为

在我国经济社会发展面临着严峻资源环境约束的背景下,发展废旧资源再生利用产业具有极为重要的战略意义。通过发展废旧资源的再生利用产业,打造"资源-产品-废旧资源-废旧资源再利用"的循环发展模式,实现资源的循环利用,可以直接减少对原生资源的依赖,提升资源综合利用效率,是缓解经济发展资源约束的必然选择。废旧资源再生利用产业将会进入快速发展时期,有利于培育新的经济增长点。     

我国废旧手机回收利用现状与对策分析

随着手机用户的增加，每年会产生大量的废旧手机。废旧手机一方面对环境构成潜在危害，一方面又具有回收利用的价值。本文针对我国目前废旧手机回收利用的现状，提出手机回收利用的措施，以有效应对电子垃圾污染，并实现资源的循环利用。     

“十五”资源综合利用重点

国家经贸委副主任张志刚强调:“十五”时期我国资源综合利用工作的重点是:①组织修订《资源综合利用目录》,进一步完善国家对资源综合利用的优惠政策;②加快研究制定《再生资源回收利用法》、《金属尾矿综合利用管理办法》和《废旧家电、废旧电脑管理办法》;③组织实施资源综合利用重大示范工程;④加大宣传、培训力度,提高全民“资源意识、节约意识”和“环境意识”.     

废旧电脑拆解工艺与资源化案例研究

以某再生资源公司的废旧电脑拆解为案例进行研究,介绍了工艺技术、拆解回收各种资源的数据。研究结果表明,我国废旧电脑人工拆解-破碎-冶炼相结合的工艺,是电子废弃物循环利用、资源高效回收、减少环境风险的较好工艺技术,符合固废处理的3R(替代、减少、优化)原则。     

我国废旧电器回收利用现状及存在问题

人类社会发展到今天,创造了前所未有的文明,同时也带来了一系列环境问题。诸如废电脑、废家电、废通讯工具等废弃“电子垃圾”以及制造这些电器过程中产生的各类废弃物占用着大量资源,对这些废旧电子器件和电子材料的不合理处置和回收会给环境造成极大污染。因此,广泛开展有关废旧电器和各类废旧电子材料回收利用方面的研究,使这些宝贵的二次资源得到科学合理的资源化和无害化处置,对保证人类所需生产和生活资源的永续利用,促进人类的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。文章结合废旧电器回收利用进行了探讨。     

可用作原料的固体废物进口可行性评价指标体系探索研究

合理利用境外的可用作原料的固体废物,可以弥补我国国内资源的相对不足,但固体废物固有的废物属性仍不可避免地会带来一定的环境负面影响。建立可用作原料的固体废物进口可行性评价体系,对于在合理利用境外废物资源的同时,保护和改善环境具有重要意义。本文论述了我国建立可用作原料的固体废物进口可行性评价体系的理论和原则,并根据影响可用作原料的固体废物进口可行性评价的因素分析,构建了可用作原料的固体废物进口可行性评价指标体系框架。     

我国循环经济行业2012年发展综述

综述了我国循环经济行业发展的政策环境、2012年国家及有关部门发布实施的有关循环经济的政策法规;重点分析了矿产资源、废钢回收加工、废旧轮胎回收加工、废旧塑料利用及其他再生资源开发利用业的循环经济发展概况;简介了行业内最具影响力的示范基地;针对行业发展中存在的主要问题提出了建议。     

我国废旧电器回收利用现状及存在的问题

人类社会发展到今天，创造了前所未有的文明，同时也带来了一系列环境问题。诸如废电脑、废家电、废通讯工具等废弃“电子垃圾”以及制造这砦电器过程中产生的各类废弃物占用着大量资源，对这蝼废旧电子器件和电子材料的不合理处置和回收会给环境造成极大污染。因此，广泛开展有关废旧电器和各类废旧电子材料回收利用方面的研究，使这些宝贵的二次资源得到科学合理的资源化和无害化处置，对保证人类所需生产和生活资源的永续利用，促进人类的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。文章结合废旧电器回收利用进行了探讨。     

废旧电池资源化技术的研究分析

废旧干电池的回收利用技术主要有湿法和火法两种冶金处理方法.而与湿法回收相比,火法回收更为理想.火法能有效地处理并回收电池中的汞,且回收效率高.作为实现环境与经济协调发展的重要途径,循环经济的根本之源就是保护日益稀缺的资源,因此,结合我国国情在宣传、立法、回收利用的技术工业化研究等方面提出了一些使废干电池能够尽快资源化可行性建议.     

尾矿资源化利用的问题、条件及相关政策建议

我国是矿产资源生产和消费大国.由于我国矿产资源的特点是单一大型矿床少、共伴生和贫矿难选矿多、矿石自然品位较低等,加上采选技术、加工技术及设备落后等原因,矿产资源回收率低、单位矿产品的废弃物产生量大,造成我国可利用的资源不足等问题,所以尾矿资源的利用显得十分必要和迫切,但尾矿的利用必须以经济可行且对环境不造成二次污染为前提.论述了尾矿资源化利用必须解决的问题,并就尾矿资源化利用提出了相关政策建议.     

Waste in the Inner City: asset or assault?

In an unequal society, undesirable wastes often end up in the poorest and least powerful communities, becoming part of the economic and environmental milieu of the inner city. Two contradictory responses to waste reflect contrasting theoretical paradigms. Some wastes can become assets in local economic development, creating incomes through scavenging, industrial jobs in recycling plants or new businesses using locally available materials. Other wastes are an assault on the community that receives them; toxic wastes, polluting facilities and industrial by-products often create local health hazards rather than development. Waste as an asset is consistent with the free market model of economics. The inner city, 'endowed' with waste materials and low-wage labour, has a comparative advantage in labour-intensive processing of materials that the rest of society has discarded. Waste as an assault on the community is consistent with a different model of environmental risk. Some by-products of industry are so hazardous that they should not be produced, or should be tightly regulated. Each model has a realm of validity; the balance between the two depends on which wastes are hazardous, and which are just ugly resources waiting to be discovered.     

Waste in the Inner City: Asset or assault?

In an unequal society, undesirable wastes often end up in the poorest and least powerful communities, becoming part of the economic and environmental milieu of the inner city. Two contradictory responses to waste reflect contrasting theoretical paradigms. Some wastes can become assets in local economic development, creating incomes through scavenging, industrial jobs in recycling plants or new businesses using locally available materials. Other wastes are an assault on the community that receives them; toxic wastes, polluting facilities and industrial by-products often create local health hazards rather than development. Waste as an asset is consistent with the free market model of economics. The inner city, 'endowed' with waste materials and low-wage labour, has a comparative advantage in labour-intensive processing of materials that the rest of society has discarded. Waste as an assault on the community is consistent with a different model of environmental risk. Some by-products of industry are so hazardous that they should not be produced, or should be tightly regulated. Each model has a realm of validity; the balance between the two depends on which wastes are hazardous, and which are just ugly resources waiting to be discovered.     

Industrial-waste management in developing countries: the case of Lebanon

This paper presents a critical assessment of the existing Lebanese industrial sector, namely the current status and classification of industrial establishments based on a comparative synthesis and analysis of recent nationwide surveys and studies pertaining to industrial-waste management. Characterisation of solid and liquid industrial wastes generated, including hazardous wastes, is presented together with current and projected waste loads, recycling opportunities, and export/import practices. Institutional capacity and needs pertaining to the enforcement of relevant environmental legislation, staffing and resources, monitoring schemes, and public participation are critically evaluated. Finally, realistic options for industrial-waste management in the context of country-specific institutional economic and technical limitations are outlined. The industrial sector in Lebanon consists of small-scale industries (84% employ less than 10 persons), primarily involved in light manufacturing (96%). These industries which are distributed among 41 ill-defined zones and deficient in appropriate physical infrastructure, generate solid, liquid, and hazardous waste estimated at 346,730 tons/year, 20,169,600 m3/year and between 3000 to 15,000 tons/year, respectively. Although the growth of this sector contributes significantly to the socio-economic development of the country (industry accounts for 17% of the gross domestic product), in the absence of a comprehensive environmental management plan, this expansion may not be sustained into the coming millennium. The anticipated expansion will inevitably amplify adverse environmental impacts associated with industrial activities due to rising waste volumes and improper waste handling and disposal practices. These impacts are further aggravated by a deficient institutional framework, a lack of adequate environmental laws, and lax enforcement of regulations governing industrial-waste management.     

含油污泥的处理与利用

石油开采和加工过程中产生的含油污泥，带有有害物质和较高的热值，既需处理又可综合利用，这是一个复杂而又重要的课题。当前，我国含油污泥处理与利用和国外先进水平有较大差距，处理装置技术落后，不配套，多数污泥未进行无害化处理，造成了环境污染和能源资源的浪费。在收集了大量资料的基础上，列举了含油污泥的性质及危害。“九五”期间应积极开展先进工艺设备的引进推广工作，特别在含油污泥的脱水干燥、污油回收和绿化利用上，可推广江汉、中原油田的先进工艺设备，使含油污泥达到无害化乃至变废为宝。     

Environmental and economic impact assessment of construction and demolition waste disposal using system dynamics

Construction and demolition wastes (CDW) have increasingly serious problems in environmental, social, and economic realms. There is no coherent framework for utilization of these wastes which are disposed both legally and illegally. This harms the environment, contributes to the increase of energy consumption, and depletes finite landfills resources. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of two alternatives for the management of CDW, recycling and disposing. The evaluation is carried out through developing a dynamic model with aid STELLA software by conducting the following steps: (1) quantifying the total cost incurred to mitigate the impacts of CDW landfills and uncollected waste on the environment and human health; (2) quantifying the total avoided emissions and saved energy by recycling waste; (3) estimating total external cost saved by recycling waste and; (4) providing a decision support tool that helps in re-thinking about waste disposal. The proposed evaluation methodology allows activating the stringent regulations that restrict waste disposal and developing incentives to encourage constructors to recycle their wastes. The research findings show that recycling CDW leads to significant reductions in emissions, energy use, global warming potential (GWP), and conserves landfills space when compared to disposal of wastes in landfills. Furthermore, the cost of mitigating the impact of disposal is extremely high. Therefore, it is necessary to recycle construction and demolition wastes.     

Nickel recovery/removal from industrial wastes: A review

Nickel is an important metal, heavily utilized in industry mainly due to its anticorrosion properties. As a consequence, nickel containing wastes such as spent batteries and catalysts, wastewater and bleed-off electrolytes are generated in various processes. These wastes could have a negative impact on the environment and human health if they contaminate soil, water and air. The present review addresses the environmental and economical aspects of nickel recovery/removal from various types of wastes. The main physico-chemical technologies for processing various effluents and wastewaters containing nickel are reviewed and discussed. Nickel recovery from spent batteries, catalysts, electronic waste and other sources is described. Hydrometallurgical approaches are emphasized. Recovery of nickel from wastes is important not only for economical aspects, but also for environmental protection.     

中药生产中的综合利用途径

综合利用中药资源,开展中药生产中的废料综合利用工作,是保证中药资源永续利用的重要措施和手段。本文概述了中药生产中的综合利用及研究情况,探讨了中药生产中废料资源化技术的开发。     

加强矿产资源开发中对环境的保护与治理

矿产资源开发对促进国民经济的发展具有重要的作用,但与此同时也带来不少环境问题,如破坏土地和生态环境,在矿石采选冶中产生“三废”对周围环境严重污染,破坏水资源平衡,引发地质灾害等。因此,现在必须高度重视并加强矿产资源开发中对环境的保护与治理,使矿产资源开发与矿山环境保护协调发展。首先,应制订并实施各地区的矿产开发规划,根据环境容量等调整矿业布局和矿业结构,严格对矿山环境进行监测、监管;其次,应加强对矿山环境的调查和评价,加强矿山环境保护的科技研究,提高矿山环境防治技术水平并加速技术推广;最后,应加强矿山环境保护的宣传教育,使矿山环境在全体公民的参与和监督下得到有效的保护。     

Recovery of biomass wastes by hydrolysis in sub-critical water

The recovery of waste substances is important not only for the prevention of environmental issues, but also for the rational utilization of natural resources. Hydrolysis reaction in sub-critical water is a promising method for the treatment of organic wastes and has been attracting worldwide attention. In this paper, sub-critical water hydrolysis was employed as a method for producing amino acids, reducing sugars, bio-oil and gas fuels from biomass wastes. The current statuses of these useful chemicals production from biomass wastes by hydrolysis in sub-critical water were reviewed. The review indicates that sub-critical water hydrolysis can be an efficient process for recovering useful chemicals from biomass wastes. This method is renewable, sustainable, efficient, and safe for the environment.     

Consequences of Pollution and Degradation of Nigerian Aquatic Environment on Fisheries Resources

Throughout the world, human use of water, and bad planning have led to drier and polluted rivers, lakes, and groundwater resources with dramatic effects on the natural ecosystems. Nigeria's vast freshwater resources are among those most affected by environmental stress imposed by human population growth, urbanization, and industrialization. Disposal and management of wastes in Nigeria present serious environmental problems. The usual methods of waste disposal in the country are: land filling, dumpsites, land spreads, water disposal, and incineration. Each of these methods has serious environmental implications because of their potential to pollute and contaminate underground and surface water bodies in the country. Major cities in Nigeria face serious water pollution crises, in which lack of environmental control of water-dependent activities (including domestic, agricultural, and industrial) play an important part. Fish and marine resources in the country face total collapse or extinction, due to over-fishing and destruction of marine life and natural habitats by pollution of water bodies. Unregulated and excessive use of pesticides for fishing and the deliberate disposal and dumping of toxic and hazardous wastes into water bodies are significant causes of massive fish kills and loss of aquatic life and habitats in the country. The protection of water quality and aquatic ecosystem as a vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and environment is of utmost importance to prevent further pollution and degradation of Nigeria's freshwater resources. Integrating operational measures for safeguarding adequate levels of protection of endemic habitats remains a major challenge. There is therefore a need to examine in tandem the entire range of uses to which freshwater is put, and to design services which neither squander precious resources nor fail to respect other, competing and complementary water needs.This paper attempts to provide an overview of the Nigerian freshwater resources, to assess the pollution status of inland waters, identify the sources of pollution, and infer the consequent effect on fisheries resource. Recommendations were proffered on the strategies to employ to ensure that Nigerian fishery resources are adequately managed in order to address the issue of food security.