共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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汽油中含有多种可微溶于水的有机物,如苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯(BTEX)等芳香烃类物质等,其中苯的致癌性已经得到确认。当汽油的生产、运输和储存过程中发生事故时,特别是当加油站的地下储油罐发生破损时,这些泄漏的有机物往往会对土壤和地下水造成污染。含氧添加剂如甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)或乙醇被加入汽油中后,虽然可以提高汽油的燃烧效率,降低汽油对大气的污染,然而却可能在地下水中引入新的化学物质,从而对地下水环境造成显著影响。对汽油中各类有机物质在非水相及水相中的分布情况进行了理论分析,并结合静态平衡试验结果,得出了污染源附近各污染物质在地下水中浓度的最大值。 相似文献
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气相色谱法测定汽油作业环境中MTBE含量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立了汽油作业场所空气中MTBE的气相色谱测定方法。空气中的MTBE用注射器采集,直接进样,经大口径毛细管柱分离,氢焰离子化检测器检测,以保留时间定性,峰面积定量,并考察了MTBE与甲醇、正己烷的分离效果。 相似文献
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美国环境保护局宣布将减少或停用MTBE 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
美国环境保护局(EPA)在2000年3月24日发布一项即将建议规定的通告(ANPR).将减少或停用汽油添加剂甲基异丁基醚(MTBE).EPA局长CarolM.Browner是在3月20日和农业部长DanGlickman一起向国会提出以可更新燃料代替现有的含氧添加剂燃料以满足清洁大气法(CAA)对在燃料中添加含氧物质的要求.ANPR中叙述了EPA的计划,要按毒物控制法(TSCA)第6节制订规定,限制或中止MTBE在配方汽油(RFG)中的使用.EPA说由美国地质勘查局(USGS)进行的调查表明,在使用RFG的地区发现20%地下水中含有MTBE,而使用常规汽油的地区只有2%的地下水中含有M… 相似文献
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A method was developed to determine the concentration of methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE) in gasoline,diesel and heating oil by gas chromatography(GC) with mass spectrometry(GC-MS) or flame ionization detection(FID). The diluted gasoline was directly injected into the GC, and the complete separation of MTBE from co-eluting hydrocarbons was not required. GC/MS or GC/FID method can be used to analyze MTBE in different concentration range and have good consistency. 相似文献
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《Environmental Science & Policy》2000,3(4):173-188
This paper presents a cost–benefit analysis of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) requiring the addition of oxygen content in gasoline, using California as a case study. The valuation and comparison of costs and benefits for several fuel blends (with and without oxygen content) provides a framework to investigate cross-media (air, water, soil) tradeoffs. We use known valuation methods such as the travel cost method to derive recreational value, the averting expenditures approach and cost of illness approach to derive public health costs, and market price method to quantify increases in fuel price and fuel efficiency costs in order to compare the alternatives. We use data from California to evaluate the current fuel blend with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a fuel blend with ethanol (ethyl alcohol), and a fuel blend without oxygenated compounds. The most expensive option to meet the 1990 CAAA is the current reformulated gasoline blend with MTBE, which results in a net cost to California's economy of between $0.9 and 2.7 billion dollars annually. The cost of treating groundwater contaminated with MTBE is a major cost factor. Our assessment indicates that the non-oxygenated gasoline formulation is the most cost-effective, particularly in the long-term, once refiners are able to implement modifications to their installations or negotiate long-term supply contracts for these additives. Several strategies are identified to transition out of using the current gasoline blend with MTBE. 相似文献
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通过批式平衡实验考察了各种材质活性炭对MTBE的最大吸附容量以及吸附的影响因素.结果表明各活性炭的吸附能力依次为JHBG1>JHBG2>GCN8303F300>YK>Bamboo,其中2种国产竹炭JHBG1和JHBG2对低浓度污染的地下水处理时的理论耗炭量分别为0.14和0.18g/L;水体中天然有机物对MTBE有一定的竞争吸附,丹宁酸值较大的活性炭比较有利于地下水中MTBE的去除.采用连续流的微型快速穿透实验(MCRB)考察了活性炭的吸附容量利用率,结果证明活性炭吸附可以作为一种有效的地下水中MTBE的去除工艺,这为MTBE污染场地的异位修复提供一个实际可行的参考. 相似文献
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Methyl ten-butyl ether (MTBE), a gasoline additive, possesses serious problems to the environmental health. In the present study, a bacterial culture named A-3 which could effectively degrade MTBE was isolated from the MTBE contaminated soil. The isolate was identified as Chryseobacterium sp., a new species capable of degrading MTBE. In order to enhance its degradation ability, selected environment factors were investigated. The results showed that the optimal temperature was in the range of 25-30℃, the pH was 7.0, the inoculum size was 2 × 10^8 CFU/ml and the optimal concentration of MTBE was from 50 to 100 mg/L. The maximum MTBE utilization rate (Vmax) was 102 nmol MTBE/(mg cell protein.h). Furthermore, it was found that the isolate could also degrade tert-butyl alcohol (TBA). The degradation rates of TBA were much faster than those of MTBE. The additional TBA would lead to the decrease of the initial MTBE degradation rate and the inhibitory effect of TBA increased with the increase of TBA concentration. Similar protein profiles at least seven peptides were demonstrated after SDS-PAGE analysis of crude extracts obtained from the cells growing in MTBE and TBA culture. 相似文献
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汽油无铅化的关联问题 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
在实施汽油无铅化的过程中,一个值得引起重视的问题是,要防止“污染替代”发生,即在消除铅污染的同时,防止另一些对环境和健康构成严重威胁的污染物被引入。该文在调研大量中外文献的基础上,综述了目前研究较多的苯、芳烃、烯烃、甲基叔丁基醚等汽油组成和汽油蒸气压对汽车排放正、负方面的影响,提出了制定汽油燃料环保标准,汽油无铅化和安装催化转化器同步进行等建议。 相似文献
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汽油添加剂MTBE的最新研究及替代品 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
余齐杰 《石油化工环境保护》2001,24(2):59-59
随着国家对环境保护的日趋重视,目前我国大部分城市禁止销售加铅汽油,使用TMBE作为汽油添加剂,可以提高汽油含氧量减少汽车尾气中的污染物,但由于其本身的性质,对环境可能带来的一些问题,也正被人们所重视。 相似文献