激光位移传感器动态幅值校准研究

针对目前激光位移传感器校准所存在的精度低、校准局限性大等诸多问题,本文提出了一种激光位移传感器动态幅值校准的方法。本校准方法首先采用电磁振动台激励标准结构件进行量级放大,以产生特定高频的大位移振幅;然后基于多普勒效应的激光测振仪测得的位移作为标准量,对激光位移传感器的动态幅值进行校准;最后通过一系列不同共振频率的标准结构件对不同频率下的位移振幅校准进行试验研究。研究结果表明：与现有技术相比较,本文提出的激光位移传感器动态幅值校准方法可对激光位移传感器不同频率下的动态幅值进行精确校准,对工程实际应用具有重要价值。     

小口径空间相机的力学环境适应性分析与试验

空间相机的力学环境适应性主要指空间相机适应地面装调阶段重力和发射阶段振动环境的能力,通常采用有限元仿真结合试验验证的方法对其进行评估。文中介绍了某小口径空间相机的反射镜组件及其支撑结构的设计情况,建立了该空间相机的有限元模型。重点研究了光机集成分析中镜面节点的位移数据处理方法,使得有限元结构分析的数据可以为光学软件调用,进而分析了在光轴水平装调时重力对光学系统传递函数的影响。然后对空间相机进行了模态分析和频响分析,得到了相机的动态刚度特性。最后,对空间相机进行了振动试验及性能测试。结果表明,该小口径空间相机能够适应在不采取重力卸载措施时光轴水平的地面装调状态,相机基频与振动响应满足发射时的动力学环境要求,证明了设计与仿真分析方法的正确性。     

聚酰亚胺薄膜疲劳寿命分析和可靠性增长措施

针对某涡扇发动机加力燃油分布器内有机材料聚酰亚胺薄膜过早失效的问题,基于聚酰亚胺薄膜的材料参数以及薄膜使用时的温度和波动幅值,通过在ANSYS软件中建立了聚酰亚胺薄膜有限元仿真模型,研究薄膜发生以断裂为主要形式的失效时,薄膜的Mises应力分布情况以及薄膜的薄弱区分布情况。基于概率断裂力学的疲劳寿命计算理论得到了不同可靠度下薄膜的疲劳寿命循环次数及其变化规律。结果表明：薄膜存在应力集中,且薄膜的应力集中部位与薄弱区均发生在薄膜夹持外沿;计算得到了不同可靠度下薄膜的疲劳寿命循环次数,且疲劳寿命循环次数随可靠度的提升而不断降低。     

瓦楞纸板与EPS板材组合包装垫振动传递特性的实验研究

采用正弦扫描动态测试方法,研究双瓦楞纸板与薄EPS板材(23mm厚)组合试样在防振缓冲包装应用中的振动传递特性.测试在不同静应力下的频率响应曲线,探讨其固有频率和振动传递率与静应力之间的关系,所得数据对指导家电产品包装设计有一定实际意义.     

复合材料弯曲性能试验技术研究

全面对比分析了国内外关于弯曲性能试验标准的主要异同点,在针对不同试样进行标准选择时,应考虑复杂试验环境及特殊情况从而选择合适的标准。根据弯曲强度和弯曲模量的公式推导,为三点弯曲试验的性能参数计算提供理论依据。对横梁位移数据进行修正后和光栅尺测量的挠度数据具有很好的一致性,结果具有一定的参考价值。使用不同量程的力传感器进行试验时,通过信号处理后载荷数据基本一致,结果表明力传感器的量程对试验结果影响较小。     

轨道车辆行李架托架的材料模型与实验修正

以行李架托架为例,采用双线性弹塑性模型,利用有限元方法对行李架托架强度进行了校核,比较直观地了解行李架托架的应力分布,并通过实验修正相关参数,为行李架托架后续分析提供了基础。     

振动台正弦振动虚拟仿真技术研究

本文以8t电动振动台为研究对象,根据动圈实物建立动圈结构实体模型,并对动圈进行模态试验,基于模态测试数据对动圈模型进行简化优化,调整修正动圈各结构的弹性模量与密度参数,使得模型有限元仿真得到的前五阶固有频率与模态试验结果的误差均在10%以内,振型变化一致。同时仿真与试验的一阶轴向固有频率较为接近,建立的动圈有限元模型能够反映出振动台的动态特性。在线性假设条件下,由给定的2g加速度正弦振动试验条件反推出施加在动圈驱动线圈上的激振力谱,以此激振力谱作为仿真控制条件,采用ANSYS软件对有限元模型进行仿真计算,结果表明,仿真结果与试验验证结果较为吻合,建立的模型能够准确地反映出动圈的固有特性,可用于指导振动台正弦振动虚拟仿真。     

有限元截面法在外翼壁板内力计算中的应用

飞机机体结构的内力计算是其结构强度分析的重要技术手段之一。外翼壁板直接承受空气动力载荷并把它传递到机翼纵向和横向构件上。探讨有限元截面法在外翼壁板内力计算中的应用,从理论分析以及实际操作的角度,为壁板强度计算流程化设计提供一种工程化分析手段。     

复合材料单搭胶结接头剪切试验及应力分析

本研究通过单轴拉伸试验实现复合材料单搭胶结结构胶面剪切破坏测试,获得了结构的极限剪切强度,同时利用解析法和仿真模拟方法分析了胶层的剪切应力状态。研究结果表明:胶结件的破坏为胶层与搭接板间的脱粘破坏,无胶层内聚破坏;胶层横断面中部剪切应力值最低,胶结区端部产生应力集中,端部应力最大;胶层存在剪切应力的同时,也存在垂直于胶结面的拉应力,其破坏原因是剪应力和拉应力的综合影响结果;平均剪切应力计算结果显示:试验值、理论值和仿真结果分别为8.9 MPa、9.5 MPa和9.2 MPa,理论结果和仿真结果的应力变化趋势一致,理论解和仿真解与试验值的误差均在7%以内,理论分析和仿真模拟可实现胶结结构剪切应力的可靠预报。     

城沐一线500kV线路取消架空地线力学性能分析

架空地线的主要作用是防止雷电直击导线,但在冬季,由于架空地线线径较细,强度较低,多次因地线覆冰引发断线、跳闸事故,因此提出了取消重冰区500 k V线路架空地线的做法。使用有限元仿真工具ANSYS Workbench,以城沐一线500 k V线路三基杆塔为对象进行建模,对取消地线前后城沐一线的力学性能做了仿真计算。计算结果表明,在不同的覆冰强度下,取消地线后杆塔塔头及塔身主材所受拉力及应力都有所下降,提高了整个塔线体系在冬季运行的可靠性。结果可为冰区超高压电网的运行维护工作提供指导。     

Study on the damage statistical strength criterion of backfill with crack under thermo-mechanical coupling

ABSTRACT

Aiming at backfill with crack under the thermo-mechanical (TM) coupling, the concepts of crack macro-damage, loading meso-damage, thermal meso-damage, and total damage of backfill were proposed. Based on the statistical damage theory, considering the coupling effects of temperature, load and initial crack, a damage evolution model of backfill with crack under TM coupling effects was established. Based on this, the strength criterion of backfill with crack considering the effects of thermal and mechanical coupling was constructed by multivariate function full differential method. The research shows that: (1) The theoretical curves of damage evolution model and strength criterion of backfill with crack under TM coupling are in good agreement with the test curves, which verifies the rationality of the model. (2) The initial thermal damage decreases first and then increases with increasing temperature, reaches a minimum value at 40°C, and generally shows a “V” -shaped distribution law. The coupling effect of temperature and crack aggravates the total damage of the backfill. (3) The strength criterion can reflect the relationship between the stress and strain of each limit state and the parameters of backfill with crack under different temperature conditions and can provide a certain reference for the evaluation of the stability of backfill with geological defects such as joints and crack in deep high temperature mines.     

Nodes of a peri-urban agricultural landscape at local level: an interpretation of their contribution to the eco-structure

The ecological value of some fine-scale landscape elements tends to be overlooked when they are found in highly human-influenced landscapes, such as peri-urban agricultural ones. These landscapes usually fall beyond the scope of the defined categories of landscape protection, and are thus mapped as areas of little or no ecological interest in the context of extensive analysis. In this paper, we present a method for assessing and visualizing the existing nodes in the field pattern of a peri-urban agricultural landscape. Nodes are identified from the field pattern and characterized according to the presence of relevant features and land uses from the viewpoint of their ecological functions. The method is applied in the Vega del Guadalfeo (south of Spain). Our results show an innovative map of the Vega which may be interpreted as its eco-structure; a model based on nodes to represent the ecological value of the peri-urban agricultural landscape.     

Sampling and Mapping a Soil Erosion Cover Factor by Integrating Stratification,Model Updating and Cokriging with Images

Cost-efficient sample designs for collection of ground data and accurate mapping of variables are required to monitor natural resources and environmental and ecological systems. In this study, a sample design and mapping method was developed by integrating stratification, model updating, and cokriging with Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery. This method is based on the spatial autocorrelation of variables and the spatial cross-correlation among them. It can lead to sample designs with variable grid spacing, where sampling distances between plots vary depending on spatial variability of the variables from location to location. This has potential cost-efficiencies in terms of sample design and mapping. This method is also applicable for mapping in the case in which no ground data can be collected in some parts of a study area because of the high cost. The method was validated in a case study in which a ground and vegetation cover factor was sampled and mapped for monitoring soil erosion. The results showed that when the sample obtained with three strata using the developed method was used for sampling and mapping the cover factor, the sampling cost was greatly decreased, although the error of the map was slightly increased compared to that without stratification; that is, the sample cost-efficiency quantified by the product of cost and error was greatly increased. The increase of cost-efficiency was more obvious when the cover factor values of the plots within the no-significant-change stratum were updated by a model developed using the previous observations instead of remeasuring them in the field.     

基于贝叶斯网络分类的土壤盐渍化遥感监测

贝叶斯网络是一种将贝叶斯概率方法和有向无环图的网络拓扑结构有机结合的概率模型.采用贝叶斯网络分类对具有典型干旱特征的库车县土壤盐渍化情况进行监测,首先应用条件独立性测试原理建立贝叶斯网络结构,把研究区遥感数据进行离散化,然后应用贝叶斯定理作为分类原则,将每个像元分为像元最大概率的类别.研究结果表明该方法来分类6种地类的整体分类精度达到96%,并为该区盐渍地面积,空间分布等特征监测提供较好的依据.     

Landscape connectivity: A conservation application of graph theory

We use focal-species analysis to apply a graph-theoretic approach to landscape connectivity in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. In doing so we demonstrate the utility of a mathematical graph as an ecological construct with respect to habitat connectivity. Graph theory is a well established mainstay of information technology and is concerned with highly efficient network flow. It employs fast algorithms and compact data structures that are easily adapted to landscape-level focal species analysis. American mink (Mustela vison) and prothonotary warblers (Protonotaria citrea) share the same habitat but have different dispersal capabilities, and therefore provide interesting comparisons on connections in the landscape. We built graphs using GIS coverages to define habitat patches and determined the functional distance between the patches with least-cost path modeling. Using graph operations concerned with edge and node removal we found that the landscape is fundamentally connected for mink and fundamentally unconnected for prothonotary warblers. The advantage of a graph-theoretic approach over other modeling techniques is that it is a heuristic framework which can be applied with very little data and improved from the initial results. We demonstrate the use of graph theory in a metapopulation context, and suggest that graph theory as applied to conservation biology can provide leverage on applications concerned with landscape connectivity.     

WorldSID假人颈部标定试验方法研究

WorldSID假人是当前侧撞假人的升级,国内只有几个,对其了解较少。为了提高对WorldSID假人的拟人程度,对WorldSID假人颈部标定试验方法及影响因素进行了研究,指出影响颈部标定结果的两个主要因素是吸能蜂窝铝的硬度和颈部本体的强度,该影响因素可通过调整吸能蜂窝铝、颈部缓冲块进行解决。     

超声-双氧水和亚铁离子体系处理含酚废水研究

在实验装置上对超声-双氧水和亚铁离子体系联合处理含酚废水进行了实验研究。主要考察了废水初始pH值、初始双氧水浓度、超声功率、反应时间等因素对酚去除率的影响。实验结果表明：超声辐射可以在双氧水和亚铁离子体系氧化过程中起加速反应的作用，而且随着超声功率的增大，加速反应的能力增强；实验条件下废水初始pH值为4～6．8，初始双氧水浓度为140mg／L时酚去除效果最佳；超声-双氧水和亚铁离子体系处理含酚废水过程中苯酚的降解规律符合表现一级反应。     

超声/臭氧氧化处理含酚废水实验研究

在实验装置上对超声/臭氧联合处理含酚废水进行了实验研究。考察了废水初始pH值、反应时间、臭氧通入量、超声功率等因素对酚去除率的影响。研究表明,超声辐射在臭氧氧化过程中起加速反应的作用,而且随着超声功率的增大,加速反应的能力增强;废水初始pH值为11时酚去除效果最佳;随着臭氧通入量的增大、反应时间的延长,酚去除率不断增大;超声/臭氧处理酚废水过程中酚的降解规律符合表观一级反应。     

基于腐蚀损伤表征参数的铝合金预腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展修正模型

服役环境中的腐蚀介质会在铝合金表面形成以腐蚀坑为代表的典型点蚀形貌。在疲劳载荷作用下,这些腐蚀坑会有助于裂纹的萌生,加速并影响其扩展行为,威胁结构安全。考虑腐蚀坑的影响,建立了一个基于腐蚀损伤表征参数的线弹性裂纹扩展表征模型。利用航空结构中常见承力构件所采用的LD2铝合金进行验证性实验。结果表明,所建立的模型能够反映出腐蚀损伤对于裂纹扩展行为的影响,对于铝合金构件的腐蚀疲劳寿命预测和损伤容限评估具有参考价值。