共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Xiaolu ZHANG Hongwei YANG Xiaofeng WANG Yu ZHAO Xiaomao WANG Yuefeng XIE 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(6):995-1003
Swimming has become a popular exercising and recreational activity in China but little is known about the disinfection by-products (DBPs) concentration levels in the pools. This study was conducted as a survey of the DBPs in China swimming pools, and to establish the correlations between the DBP concentrations and the pool water quality parameters. A total of 14 public indoor and outdoor pools in Beijing were included in the survey. Results showed that the median concentrations for total trihalomethanes (TTHM), nine haloacetic acids (HAA9), chloral hydrate (CH), four haloacetonitriles (HAN4), 1,1-dichloropropanone, 1,1,1-trichloropropanone and trichloronitromethane were 33.8, 109.1, 30.1, 3.2, 0.3, 0.6 µg∙L−1 and below detection limit, respectively. The TTHM and HAA9 levels were in the same magnitude of that in many regions of the world. The levels of CH and nitrogenous DBPs were greatly higher than and were comparable to that in typical drinking water, respectively. Disinfection by chlorine dioxide or trichloroisocyanuric acid could substantially lower the DBP levels. The outdoor pools had higher TTHM and HAA9 levels, but lower trihaloacetic acids (THAA) levels than the indoor pools. The TTHM and HAA9 concentrations could be moderately correlated with the free chlorine and total chlorine residuals but not with the total organic carbon (TOC) contents. When the DBP concentration levels from other survey studies were also included for statistical analysis, a good correlation could be established between the TTHM levels and the TOC concentration. The influence of chlorine residual on DBP levels could also be significant. 相似文献
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Jinhui Liang Peng Gao Benhang Li Longfei Kang Li Feng Qi Han Yongze Liu Liqiu Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(12):150
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This research work was performed to evaluate ozonation and granular activated carbon adsorption processes from the view‐point of controlling the formation of disinfection by products (DBPs). Both the humic acid and raw water were first preozonated and then adsorbed on the activated carbon to assess the potency for removal of total organic carbon (TOC) and DBPs. The disinfection by‐product including THMs and HAAs, in principle, can be successfully removed through a use of the ozonation and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption processes. However, in practice dealing with the raw water, it is necessary to introduce the pilot‐plant to obtain the design and operation guidelines for the water treatment plant through the ICA (Instrumentation Control and Automation) program in our future research work. 相似文献
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Yang PAN Xiangru ZHANG Jianping ZHAI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(1):121
When bromide/iodide is present in source water, hypobromous acid/hypoiodous acid will be formed with addition of chlorine, chloramine, or other disinfectants. Hypobromous acid/hypoiodous acid undergoes reactions with natural organic matter in source water to form numerous brominated/iodinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). In this study, tap water samples were collected from eight cities in China. With the aid of electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry by setting precursor ion scans of m/z 35, m/z 81, and m/z 126.9, whole pictures of polar chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated DBPs in the tap water samples were revealed for the first time. Numerous polar halogenated DBPs were detected, including haloacetic acids, newly identified halogenated phenols, and many new/unknown halogenated compounds. Total organic chlorine, total organic bromine, and total organic iodine were also measured to indicate the total levels of all chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated DBPs in the tap water samples. The total organic chlorine concentrations ranged from 26.8 to 194.0 μg·L–1 as Cl, with an average of 109.2 μg·L–1 as Cl; the total organic bromine concentrations ranged from below detection limit to 113.3 μg·L–1 as Br, with an average of 34.7 μg·L–1 as Br; the total organic iodine concentrations ranged from below detection limit to 16.4 μg·L–1 as I, with an average of 9.1 μg·L–1 as I; the total organic halogen concentrations ranged from 31.3 to 220.4 μg·L–1 as Cl, with an average of 127.2 μg·L–1 as Cl. 相似文献
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Yufeng Liao Mengmeng Tang Mengyuan Li Peng Shi Aimin Li Yangyang Zhang Yang Pan 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(10):125
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Hao Wang Defang Ma Weiye Shi Zhiyu Yang Yun Cai Baoyu Gao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):102
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Qian-Yuan Wu Yi-Jun Yan Yao Lu Ye Du Zi-Fan Liang Hong-Ying Hu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(2):25
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Does air quality regulation in the European Union (EU) foster polluting activity in emerging and developing countries? In this paper, we propose an original variable that evaluates regulation stringency, based on the EU Air Quality Framework Directive. Focusing on the underlying mechanism and controlling for endogeneity in the relation between regulation and trade, we provide robust evidence that EU countries implementing more stringent air pollution regulations import relatively more in pollution-intensive sectors from developing and emerging countries in Europe and Central Asia. 相似文献
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Xiaojiang FAN Yi TAO Dequan WEI Xihui ZHANG Ying LEI Hiroshi NOGUCHI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(1):112
The performance of an integrated process including coagulation, ozonation, ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) and biologic activated carbon (BAC) filtration was investigated for the removal of organic matter and disinfection by-products (DBPs) precursors from micro-polluted surface water. A pilot scale plant with the capacity of 120 m3 per day was set up and operated for the treatment of drinking water. Ceramic membranes were used with the filtration area of 50 m2 and a pore size of 60 nm. Dissolved organic matter was divided into five fractions including hydrophobic acid (HoA), base (HoB) and neutral (HoN), weakly hydrophobic acid (WHoA) and hydrophilic matter (HiM) by DAX-8 and XAD-4 resins. The experiment results showed that the removal of organic matter was significantly improved with ozonation in advance. In sum, the integrated process removed 73% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 87% of UV254, 77% of trihalomethane (THMs) precursors, 76% of haloacetic acid (HAAs) precursors, 83%of trichloracetic aldehyde (CH) precursor, 77% of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) precursor, 51% of trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN) precursor, 96% of 1,1,1-trichloroacetone (TCP) precursor and 63% of trichloronitromethane (TCNM) precursor. Hydrophobic organic matter was converted into hydrophilic organic matter during ozonation/UF, while the organic matter with molecular weight of 1000–3000 Da was remarkably decreased and converted into lower molecular weight organic matter ranged from 200–500 Da. DOC had a close linear relationship with the formation potential of DBPs. 相似文献
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Alvyn P. Berg Ting-An Fang Hao L. Tang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(1):10
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Caroline Fukushima Rick West Thomas Pape Lyubomir Penev Leif Schulman Pedro Cardoso 《Conservation biology》2021,35(1):5-11
Illegal transfer of wildlife has 2 main purposes: trade and scientific research. Trade is the most common, whereas scientific research is much less common and unprofitable, yet still important. Biopiracy in science is often neglected despite that many researchers encounter it during their careers. The use of illegally acquired specimens is detected in different research fields, from scientists bioprospecting for new pharmacological substances, to taxonomists working on natural history collections, to researchers working in zoos, aquariums, and botanical gardens. The practice can be due to a lack of knowledge about the permit requirements in different countries or, probably most often, to the generally high level of bureaucracy associated with rule compliance. Significant regulatory filters to avoid biopiracy can be provided by different stakeholders. Natural history collection hosts should adopt strict codes of conduct; editors of scientific publications should require authors to declare that all studied specimens were acquired legally and to cite museum catalog numbers as guarantee of best practices. Scientific societies should actively encourage publication in peer-reviewed journals of work in which specimens collected from the wild were used. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature could require newly designated types based on recently collected specimens to be accompanied by statements of deposition in recognized scientific or educational institutions. We also propose the creation of an online platform that gathers information about environmental regulations and permits required for scientific activities in different countries and respective responsible governmental agencies and the simplification of the bureaucracy related to regulating scientific activities. This would make regulations more agile and easier to comply with. The global biodiversity crisis means data need to be collected ever faster, but biopiracy is not the answer and undermines the credibility of science and researchers. It is critical to find a modus vivendi that promotes compliance with regulations and scientific progress. 相似文献
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Global demand for elephant ivory is contributing to illegal poaching and significant decline of African elephant (Loxondonta africana) populations. To help mitigate decline, countries with legal domestic ivory markets were recommended by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora to close domestic markets for commercial trade. However, implementing stricter regulations on wildlife trade does not necessarily mean compliance with rules will follow. Using an online questionnaire, we examined the relationship between self-reported compliance with ivory trade regulations among 115 ivory traders in the United Kingdom and 4 dimensions (control, deterrence, legitimacy, and social norms) hypothesized to influence compliance with conservation regulations. Although most traders supported regulations, a large number did not always check that they comply with them when trading objects containing ivory. The main factors influencing compliance with ivory trade regulations were traders’ ability to comply and their perceptions of the regulations and punishments to deter illegal trade. These findings demonstrate the utility of conservation criminology to improve wildlife trade regulations and identify opportunities to reduce illegal ivory entering the market in the United Kingdom. Compliance could be improved by clearer regulations that facilitate easier detection of illegal ivory products and stronger prosecution of violations. 相似文献
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When microalgae are simultaneously applied for wastewater treatment and lipid production, soluble algal products (SAP) should be paid much attention, as they are important precursors for formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), which have potential risks for human health. Chlorella sp. HQ is an oleaginous microalga that can generate SAP during growth, especially in the exponential phase. This study investigated the contribution of SAP from Chlorella sp. HQ to DBP formation after chlorination. The predominant DBP precursors from SAP were identified with the 3D excitation-emission matrix fluorescence. After chlorination, a significant reduction was observed in the fluorescence intensity of five specific fluorescence regions, particularly aromatic proteins and soluble microbial by-product-like regions, accompanied with slight shifting of the peak. The produced DBPs were demonstrated to include trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. As the algal cultivation time was extended in wastewater, the accumulated SAP strengthened the formation of DBPs. The trend for DBP formation was as follows: chloroform>dichloroacetic acid>trichloroacetic acid. 相似文献
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Hailan Wang Baoyu Gao Li an Hou Ho Kyong Shon Qinyan Yue Zhining Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(6):135
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Trade, technology, and the environment: Does access to technology promote environmental regulation? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mary Lovely 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》2011,61(1):16-35
Focusing specifically on regulation of coal-fired power plants, we examine how technological innovation by early adopters influences the timing of new environmental regulation in non-innovating countries. We build a general equilibrium model of an open economy to identify the political-economy determinants of regulation. With a newly created dataset of SO2 and NOx regulations for coal-fired power plants and a patent-based measure of the technology frontier, we estimate the determinants of environmental regulation diffusion. Our findings support the hypothesis that international economic integration eases access to environmentally friendly technologies and leads to earlier adoption, ceteris paribus, of regulation in non-innovating countries. However, we also find evidence that domestic trade protection promotes earlier adoption allowing shifts of regulatory costs to domestic consumers. Furthermore, international market power permits large countries to shift costs to foreign consumers. Other political economy factors, such as the quality of domestic coal, are also important determinants. 相似文献
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为揭示SigL及其增强子结合蛋白(EBPs)在苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bt)中的调控功能,在全基因组测序的基础上,采用生物信息学方法,对YBT-1520菌株的SigL及其EBPs的结构和功能进行深入分析.结果表明,YBT-1520基因组中存在1个SigL和6个EBPs,而且EBPs在结构上具有丰富的多样性,包含了EBPs的所有可能的结构域组织类型.SigL所调控的基因涉及11个假定的COG代谢途径,其中包括能量代谢、氨基酸代谢、翻译与细胞周期等.根据EBPs在基因组的位置推测,YBT-1520的EBPs参与γ-氨基丁酸代谢途径、精氨酸代谢途径、支链脂肪酸降解途径、多糖分解代谢等代谢途径的调控.本研究将为揭示Bt杀虫晶体蛋白大量表达的调控机制提供新的思路. 相似文献
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The challenge of making central requirements work at local levels is a common problem for environmental governance throughout the world. Countries can learn from one another's approaches, but must understand the local context in which they are set. This paper compares the features of the China and US environmental governance systems that need be understood by those working between the systems. Key features include: (1) common values which shape the environmental governance choices in both countries, but which may have different practical meanings in each country; (2) America's common law-based environmental governance system, and China's civil law system, which involves plan(s) as well as law; (3) America's Federal central-local system, and China's unitary central local system. This paper concludes by suggesting areas in which further comparative understanding may be of value, including: (1) better understanding of the role of plan and law in China's governance system; (2) comparing the American Federal-state agreement system for implementation of environmental law with the China central-local system of target responsibility agreements for plan implementation; (3) improving understanding of nongovernmental resources needed to assure compliance with environmental laws and plans; (4) identifying institutions that can coordinate central-local and cross-border environmental governance. 相似文献
19.
日本、韩国的土壤污染防治法及其对我国的借鉴 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
邱秋 《生态与农村环境学报》2008,24(1):83-87
在东亚地区,日本、韩国的土壤污染防治立法最为活跃,先后制定了专门的土壤污染防治法及其配套法规.本文从立法背景、立法模式、主要内容及制度设置、土壤污染防治的管理体制等方面,对日本、韩国的土壤污染防治立法进行了比较分析.这些立法实践及其施行经验,对我国正在进行的土壤污染防治立法有实际借鉴意义. 相似文献
20.
邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对拟南芥幼苗的氧化损伤(Oxidative Damage Induced by Dibutyl Phthalate to Stem and Leaves of Arabidopsis Seedlings) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了探讨邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对植物的氧化损伤作用,采用不同浓度的DBP溶液对拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)进行染毒(终浓度为0、0.5、2.5、5、10mg·L-1),检测DBP对幼苗茎、叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果表明:染毒1周后,随DBP浓度的升高,拟南芥幼苗茎叶MDA含量呈显著上升趋势,高浓度组(5、10mg·L-1)与对照组差异显著(p<0.01);SOD活性随DBP浓度的升高呈先升高后降低趋势,各染毒组与对照组均差异显著(p<0.01).以上结果表明DBP可对拟南芥幼苗产生明显的氧化损伤. 相似文献