基于熵值法新疆循环经济发展综合评价分析

根据循环经济理论,针对新疆循环经济的发展,从资源可承载能力、环境发展、社会经济发展三个方面考虑建立新疆循环经济发展的综合评价指标体系,运用熵值法对新疆10年循环经济的发展水平进行综合评价,进而提出了相应的措施,包括完善法律法规体系、加快产业结构调整、加大政策鼓励力度、促进产业集聚等。     

煤炭工业资源—环境—经济耦合协调分析——以榆林市为例

耦合协调发展水平的测度对于研究煤炭工业可持续发展具有重要意义.根据煤炭工业资源—环境—经济系统耦合机制,构建了该系统的评价指标体系,利用熵权法和TOPSIS法计算煤炭工业资源—环境—经济系统以及各子系统的评价值,通过耦合协调度模型计算耦合协调度,评估煤炭工业的资源—环境—经济系统的耦合协调水平.结果表明:2008-20...     

基于DEA的产业园区循环经济效率评价

基于对DEA数据包络评价方法,建立了一个以效率为评价目标的合理、有效的产业园区循环经济绩效评价体系。指标体系的基本框架由产业园区循环经济系统的投入和产出组成,投入和产出又分别从经济、资源和环境三个方面分析。依据上述评价理论和方法对某产业园区15年的发展做了循环经济效率评价,评价结果基本符合该园区循环经济发展趋势,得到了其发展循环经济相对效率较高的结论。     

工业园区规划环境影响评价中的环境承载力方法研究

环境承载力是区域规划环境影响评价的重要依据,可为区域发展适度规模提供环境支撑依据.针对工业园区生态环境特征,以珠海富山工业园为案例建立环境承载力评价指标体系,并结合该指标开发基于熵值法的工业园区环境承载力动态评价模型,模拟珠海富山工业园区规划情景下的环境承载力变化.结果表明,工业园区环境承载力于规划中后期处于下降趋势,但下降的趋势较为缓和;园区发展压力伴随着园区规划建设处于下降趋势,规划建设初期的下降趋势最为明显.通过灰色关联度分析发现,规划期园区经济社会发展始终处于园区资源环境的可承载范围,随着园区进一步发展、科学技术水平提高和基础设施完善,园区综合环境承载力可提升至较为稳定的水平.     

基于熵权TOPSIS模型的区域资源环境承载力评价实证研究

为深度了解区域资源环境承载力水平,准确把握承载力变化趋势,从经济子系统、资源子系统和环境子系统3个子系统中选取18个指标构建区域资源环境承载力评价体系,运用熵权TOPSIS模型对安徽省2000—2013年的承载力和3个子系统内部承载力水平进行评价,并采用灰色关联系数选择和识别影响承载力的关键因素.结果表明:2000—2005年安徽省资源环境承载力水平略微下降,但"十一五"以来,安徽省承载力水平稳步提升.经济子系统发展力水平呈稳步上升趋势,2013年达到0.99524,几乎达到最优承载力水平;资源承载子系统承载力水平波动起伏,但总体变化幅度小,基本呈"V"型曲线;环境承载子系统(除2009年外)承载力水平呈逐年上升趋势,在2013年达到最大值0.98106;其中,经济子系统发展力和环境承载子系统承载力变化趋势与整个资源环境承载力变化趋势基本一致.采用灰色关联系数计算发现,工业固体废物综合利用率等4个指标是影响安徽省资源环境承载力的关键因素.     

DEA在生态工业园区循环经济绩效评价中的应用

在研究了大量相关文献的基础上,综述了循环经济绩效评价的理论依据并对比了基于这些理论发展起来的评价方法。鉴于DEA(数据包络分析)在循环经济绩效评价中的显著优点,建立了一个基于DEA评价方法的以效率为评价目标的生态工业园区循环经济绩效评价指标体系,指标体系的基本框架由产业园区循环经济系统的投入和产出组成,从经济、资源和环境3个方面对投入和产出进行分析,指标的选择充分体现了循环经济的"3R"基本原则。     

建立科学评价体系,推进循环经济发展

循环经济是经济发展新常态下转变增长方式、实现可持续发展的必然选择,良好协调的生态环境是循环经济追求的目标。评价循环经济发展水平如何,需要建立科学的评价体系。本文从经济效益、资源综合利用、资源消耗和废物排放四个维度,建立了由16个指标组成的循环经济评价指标体系;应用层次分析法与熵权法相结合的模糊综合评价方法,对2011—2015年北京市循环经济发展水平进行量化评价;采用BP神经网络模型,仿真并解析了北京市未来五年的循环经济发展趋势;结合北京市循环发展现状与未来趋势,从产业协同发展、资源环境供给侧改革、生产者责任延伸、税收激励机制、信息公开五个方面,提出深入推进循环经济发展的对策建议。     

区域可持续发展能力的AHP综合评价

从经济可持续、社会可持续和生态可持续三个角度出发,建立区域可持续发展评价的指标体系,根据山东省1996年、2000年及2004年可持续发展调查数据,建立多目标线性加权函数对该可持续发展体系进行了综合评价模型,运用层次分析法(AHP)计算评价体系中各单项指标、领域层及子系统层的评价权重,分析结果表明山东省的可持续发展呈现逐步上升的态势,但与建立"和谐山东"的发展目标仍存在很大差距.该评价模型原理简单,可操作性强,对于政府管理及宏观决策部门有一定的应用价值.     

区域温泉旅游开发适宜性分析及其对策

以湖南省为例研究了温泉资源旅游开发适宜性,论文严格按照旅游系统的旅游目的地系统、旅游出行系统和旅游客源地系统三大子系统构建了评价指标体系及其评价模型。旅游目的地系统包括温泉资源禀赋和区域环境两个方面;根据可能的客源市场位置范围,以各温泉点为中心,以限定的半径圈内计算任意点出行到温泉的平均时间作为旅游出行系统的指标;由于受温泉资源游客容量和旅游吸引度的局限性,绝大数客源市场被限定在4 h 出行区域,区域内的县级城镇作为温泉客源市场。采用AHP分析法和熵值法相结合确定各指标的权重,计算得到湖南省温泉旅游资源开发适宜性的综合值,并把湖南90 个温泉资源开发适宜性划分为高适宜性、较适宜性及不适宜性三种类型。文中最后针对各类型温泉资源提出了相应的开发建议。     

国家循环经济试点城市评价指标体系设计及案例分析

随着国家循环经济试点进入评判阶段,建立科学的循环经济发展模式评判体系尤为重要.在评述现有方法及评价指标体系的基础上,基于循环经济发展内涵,提出了“目标-结构-响应”3层循环经济评价指标体系.案例研究表明,1996—2008年国家试点城市——邯郸市资源生产力大幅攀升,年均增长率达7.3%,而同期碳排放强度大幅下降,年均下降率达4.5%;生产函数计量结果表明,资源要素对经济增长的贡献率由2000─2004年的34%降至2005─2008年的21%.说明邯郸市在“十一五”期间经济增长与资源输入和环境排放显著脱钩,由资源依赖型向资源效益型发展模式转变.结构和响应层面的指标证明了目标层面上的显著变化.      

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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