共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 328 毫秒
1.
Min Li Shuai Liang Yang Wu Meiyue Yang Xia Huang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(6):107
2.
Enquist BJ 《Ecology》2011,92(10):1994-8; discussion 1998-2002
3.
Rose-Marie Muzika 《Chemoecology》1993,4(1):3-7
Nitrogen fertilization resulted in a linear increase in the growth ofAbies grandis seedlings, but linear decrease in foliage concentrations of phenolic compounds. These data are consistent with the inverse relationship between growth and production of carbonbased secondary chemicals predicted by the carbon/nutrient balance (CNB) hypothesis. However, in contrast to predictions of the CNB hypothesis, nitrogen fertilization had no effect on foliage terpene concentrations. The results suggest that not all carbon-based chemicals respond in the same manner to environmental variation, and that the carbon/nutrient balance hypothesis does not adequately explain all patterns of environmentally-induced variation in secondary metabolism. 相似文献
4.
Weihua Zhao Meixiang Wang Jianwei Li Yu Huang Baikun Li Cong Pan Xiyao Li Yongzhen Peng 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(5):8
Because the efficiency of biological nutrient removal is always limited by the deficient carbon source for the low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio in real domestic sewage, the denitrifying phosphorus removal (DNPR) was developed as a simple and efficient method to remove nitrogen and phosphorous. In addition, this method has the advantage of saving aeration energy while reducing the sludge production. In this context, a pre-denitrification anaerobic/anoxic/post-aeration + nitrification sequence batch reactor (pre-A2NSBR) system, which could also reduce high ammonia effluent concentration in the traditional two-sludge DNPR process, is proposed in this work. The pre-A2NSBR process was mainly composed of a DNPR SBR and a nitrifying SBR, operating as alternating anaerobic/anoxic/post-aeration + nitrification sequence. Herein, the long-term performance of different nitrate recycling ratios (0–300%) and C/N ratios (2.5–8.8), carbon source type, and functional microbial community were studied. The results showed that the removal efficiency of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN, including NH4+-N, NO2– -N, and NO3– -N) gradually increased with the nitrate recycling ratios, and the system reached the highest DNPR efficiency of 94.45% at the nitrate recycling ratio of 300%. The optimum C/N ratio was around 3.9–7.3 with a nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of 80.15% and 93.57%, respectively. The acetate was proved to be a high-quality carbon source for DNPR process. The results of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis indicated that nitrifiers and phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) were accumulated with a proportion of 19.41% and 26.48%, respectively. 相似文献
5.
以机械化学研磨法制备的Fe-EDTA聚合物为前驱体,开发了一种免液相浸渍的碳热法,来实现对多孔碳材料固载纳米零价铁.考察了Fe-EDTA聚合物碳化温度、与多孔碳的混合方式及质量比等因素对零价铁负载的影响.相比于传统液相浸渍+碳热法制备的零价铁/多孔碳复合材料,免浸渍碳热法所得复合材料的表面积大、吸附位点多、零价铁粒径小且均匀.以所制备的零价铁/多孔碳复合材料为催化剂/吸附剂,用于水样中甲基橙、Cr(Ⅵ)及污水中COD的去除.结果 表明,与液相浸渍+碳热法制备的复合材料相比,免浸渍碳热法制备的零价铁/多孔碳复合材料的零价铁具有纳米级粒径,因此拥有超高的活性,可更有效地吸附、还原及氧化降解污染物,且表现出良好的重复利用性.动态装柱实验表明,该复合材料在较长时间内可以稳定去除污水中的COD. 相似文献
6.
Climatic/edaphic controls on soil carbon/nitrogen response to shrub encroachment in desert grassland. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C Winston Wheeler Steven R Archer Gregory P Asner Chad R McMurtry 《Ecological applications》2007,17(7):1911-1928
The proliferation of woody plants in grasslands over the past 100+ years can alter carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles and influence land surface-atmosphere interactions. Although the majority of organic carbon in these ecosystems resides belowground, there is no consensus on how this change in land cover has affected soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) pools. The degree to which duration of woody plant occupation, climate, and edaphic conditions have mediated SOC and TN responses to changes in life-form composition are poorly understood. We addressed these issues at a desert grassland site in Arizona, USA, where the leguminous shrub velvet mesquite (Prosopis velutina) has proliferated along an elevation/precipitation/temperature gradient and on contrasting soil morphologic surfaces. On sandy loam complexes of mid-Holocene origin, mean SOC and TN of soils in the grassland matrix increased approximately 68% and approximately 45%, respectively, with increasing elevation. Soil organic carbon pools were comparable and TN pools were approximately 23% higher in Pleistocene-aged clay loam complexes co-occurring with Holocene-aged soils at the upper elevation/climatic zone. Across the site, belowground resources associated with large Prosopis plants were 21-154% (SOC) and 18-127% (TN) higher than those in the grassy matrix. The variance in SOC and TN pools accounted for by Prosopis stem size (a rough surrogate for time of site occupation) was highest at the low- and mid-elevation sites (69-74%) and lowest at the upper elevation site (32-38%). Soil delta15N values ranged from 5.5 per thousand to 6.7 per thousand across the soil/elevation zones but were comparable in herbaceous and shrub-impacted soils and exhibited a weak relationship with Prosopis basal stem diameter (r2 < 0.1) and TN (r2 < 0.08). The SOC delta13C values decreased linearly with increasing Prosopis basal diameter, suggesting that size and isotopic composition of the SOC pool is a function of time of Prosopis site occupation. Isotopic mixture models indicate that encroachment of C3 woody plants has also promoted SOC additions from C4 plant sources, indicative of long-term herbaceous facilitation. Grassy sites in contrasting soil/elevation combinations, initially highly distinctive in their SOC pool size and delta13C, appear to be converging on similar values following approximately 100 years of woody plant proliferation. 相似文献
7.
Yan GUO Chuanfu WU Qunhui WANG Min YANG Qiqi HUANG Markus MAGEP Tianlong ZHENG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(4):6
The use of PLA/starch blends for nitrogen removal was achieved.
The influence of different operating parameters on responses was verified using RSM.
The conditions for desired responses were successfully optimized simultaneously.
Blends material may have a promising application prospect in the future.
Nitrogen removal from ammonium-containing wastewater was conducted using polylactic acid (PLA)/starch blends as carbon source and carrier for functional bacteria. The exclusive and interactive influences of operating parameters (i.e., temperature, pH, stirring rate, and PLA-to-starch ratio (PLA proportion)) on nitrification (Y1), denitrification (Y2), and COD release rates (Y3) were investigated through response surface methodology. Experimental results indicated that nitrogen removal could be successfully achieved in the PLA/starch blends through simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The carbon release rate of the blends was controllable. The sensitivity of Y1, Y2, and Y3 to different operating parameters also differed. The sequence for each response was as follows: for Y1, pH>stirring rate>PLA proportion>temperature; for Y2, pH>PLA proportion>temperature>stirring rate; and for Y3, stirring rate>pH>PLA proportion>temperature. In this study, the following optimum conditions were observed: temperature, 32.0°C; pH 7.7; stirring rate, 200.0 r·min-1; and PLA proportion, 0.4. Under these conditions, Y1, Y2, and Y3 were 134.0 μg-N·g-blend-1·h-1, 160.9 μg-N·g-blend-1·h-1, and 7.6 × 103 μg-O·g-blend-1·h-1, respectively. These results suggested that the PLA/starch blends may be an ideal packing material for nitrogen removal. 相似文献
8.
Yuan Junjie Song Xueyi Yang Xinyue Yang Chen Wang Yinxi Deng Gaofeng Wang Zhichao Gao Jubao 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(5):2559-2581
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Global warming could be slowed down by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, yet classical methods for carbon dioxide capture are fewly adapted to indoor... 相似文献
9.
磷酸活化活性炭对Cu2+的吸附特征研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
寻求廉价而高效的吸附材料为目的,研究向日葵秸杆基活性炭对铜离子的吸附性能。以向日葵秸秆为原料,经H3PO4活化制备活性炭,通过静态实验研究了其对水溶液中Cu2+的吸附特性,考察了溶液pH值、吸附温度和离子强度对吸附的影响,探讨了吸附热力学、动力学和吸附机理。结果表明:溶液pH值为5~6时活性炭对Cu2+的去除效果最好;向50 mL 170 mg·L-1的溶液中加入0.5 g活性炭,温度为45℃、吸附时间为1 h时,对Cu2+的去除率可达98.3%;Langmuir方程能更好地描述Cu2+在活性炭上的等温吸附特征,静态吸附容量可达41.03 mg·g-1;吸附过程符合拟二级动力学过程,且为吸热的化学吸附过程,膜扩散为速率控制步骤,离子交换可能在吸附过程中起了重要作用。 相似文献
10.
Wenchao Jiang Ping Tang Shuguang Lu Xiang Zhang Zhaofu Qiu Qian Sui 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(2):6
11.
Haiguang Zhang Lei Du Jiajian Xing Gaoliang Wei Xie Quan 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(5):59
12.
Xuemin Wu Fenfen Zhu Juanjuan Qi Luyao Zhao Fawei Yan Chenghui Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2017,11(2):3
The considerable compounds content, abundance, and low costs involved has led to the proposal to use sewage sludge as raw material for biodiesel production. The transesterification reaction is catalyzed using an acid catalyst instead of base catalysts because of the high free fatty acid concentration. However, the use of a base catalyst, particularly a solid base catalyst, has certain advantages, including faster reaction speed and easier separation. In this study, we utilize in situ transesterification by base catalyst (KOH, KOH/activated carbon (AC) and KOH/CaO) with sewage sludge as raw material. Many conditions have been tested to increase biodiesel yield through single-factor tests, including mass fraction and catalyst dosage. Preliminary experiments have optimized reaction time and temperature. However, the three catalysts did not work better than H2SO4, which had a maximum yield of 4.6% (dry sewage sludge base) considering the purity by KOH, KOH/CaO, and KOH/AC. The features of the catalyst were analyzed using XRD, BETand SEM. As to BETof KOH/AC and the good spiculate formation of KOH crystal appears to be essential to its function. As for KOH/CaO, the formation of K2O and absorption points is likely essential.
相似文献
13.
Chen Lin Msigwa Goodluck Yang Mingyu Osman Ahmed I. Fawzy Samer Rooney David W. Yap Pow-Seng 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(4):2277-2310
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The increasing global industrialization and over-exploitation of fossil fuels has induced the release of greenhouse gases, leading to an increase in global... 相似文献
14.
The ocean is a significant sink for increasing anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. The sea-surface microlayer (upper 50 m layer) serves as the primary point for exchange of materials, including carbon dioxide, between the atmosphere and hydrosphere. We determined microalgal standing stocks and activities in microlayer and subsurface water from areas with (S) and without (NS) visible natural surface slicks in Sequim Bay, Washington, USA, in July 1984. Enrichment ratios (microlayer concentration: subsurface bulkwater concentration) were: phytoneuston population abundance, 37 (NS) to 154 (S); total chlorophylls, 1.3 (NS) to 18 (S); particulate carbon fixation, 2 (NS) to 52 (S); and dissolved carbon excretion, 17 (NS) to 63 (S). Photoinhibition of 36 to 89% occurred in phytoneuston under natural summer light-intensities. Slick samples had greater standing stocks and rates of primary production than non-slick samples. The species composition of phytoneuston was distinctly different from that of phytoplankton. These results suggest that phytoneuston form a unique community. Although carbon fixation in summer was less per individual in phytoneuston than in phytoplankton, because of their overall abundance at the air-sea interface, phytoneuston may play an important role in the transfer of CO2 from the atmosphere into ocean surface-water. 相似文献
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17.
碳源(甘油和柠檬酸钠)及碳氮比对纯培养的异养反硝化菌HP1 (Pseudomonasalcaligenes)异养反硝化能力影响的试验表明,碳源种类对硝酸还原酶活性没有明显影响,对氧化亚氮还原酶活性有影响。批式培养方式下最适C/N为8,菌株HP1可以利用NO-3 作为唯一氮源进行反硝化作用,证明HP1至少有2种硝酸还原途径。连续培养方式下温度对菌株HP1异养反硝化作用中间产物的积累有影响,不同C/N时均有NH+4 积累,C/N为3时还有NO-2 的积累。 相似文献
18.
Siyuan Sun Weijie Bao Fan Yang Xingru Yan Yang Sun Ge Zhang Wang Yang Yongfeng Li 《绿色能源与环境(英文)》2023,(1):141-150
A novel strategy was developed to fabricate FeNx-doped carbon quantum dots(Fe-N-CQDs) to detect Cu2+ions selectively as a fluorescence probe. The Fe-N-CQDs were synthesized by an efficient electrolysis of a carbon cloth electrode, which was coated with monoatomic ironanchored nitrogen-doped carbon(Fe-N-C). The obtained Fe-N-CQDs emitted blue fluorescence and possessed a quantum yield(QY) of 7.5%.An extremely wide linear relationship between the Cu2+concentration ... 相似文献
19.
Changes in carbon use efficiency (CUE), which is defined as the ratio of net primary production (NPP) to gross primary production (GPP), were analyzed for Abies veitchii Lindl. forests with respect to stand development by developing a simple mathematical model incorporating data on physiological variables and leaf mass ratio. A decrease in CUE with stand development was successfully expressed as a function of stand biomass (y) based on the following three assumptions: (1) a power-law relationship between mean respiration and mean individual tree mass, (2) a power-functional relationship between mean gross primary production and mean individual tree mass, and (3) self-thinning relationship between stand biomass and density. Based on this model, a parameter of CUE–y relationship was defined, and it was clarified that CUE decrease with stand development is caused not by the ratio of specific respiration rate to specific gross photosynthetic rate, but by leaf mass ratio. Since CUE is high in young forests, helpful information on selecting woody species when planting seedlings was provided from the viewpoints of reducing CO2 in the atmosphere and global warming. 相似文献
20.
Soils are a key component of the terrestrial carbon cycle as they contain the majority of terrestrial carbon. Soil microorganisms mainly control the accumulation and loss of this carbon. However, traditional concepts of soil carbon stabilisation failed so far to account for environmental and energetic constraints of microorganisms. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that these biological limitations might have the overall control on soil carbon stability. In a long-term experiment, we incubated 13C-labelled compost with natural soils at various soil carbon concentrations. Unexpectedly, we found that soil carbon turnover decreased with lower carbon concentration. We developed a conceptual model that explained these observations. In this model, two types of particles were submitted to random walk movement in the soil profile: soil organic matter substrate and microbial decomposers. Soil carbon turnover depended only on the likelihood of a decomposer particle to meet a substrate particle; in consequence, carbon turnover decreased with lower carbon concentration, like observed in the experiment. This conceptual model was able to simulate realistic depth profiles of soil carbon and soil carbon age. Our results, which are simply based on the application of a two-step kinetic, unmystify the stability of soil carbon and suggest that observations like high carbon ages in subsoil, stability of carbon in fallows and priming of soil carbon might be simply explained by the probability to be decomposed. 相似文献