太滆运河流域农田土壤重金属污染特征与来源解析

为探明太滆运河流域农田土壤重金属污染分布特征及主要影响因素,保证土壤环境质量及农产品安全.采集并分析了太滆运河流域118个农田表层土壤样品中Cr、Hg、As、Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb和Cd等8种重金属元素含量.以太湖流域土壤背景值为评价标准,利用单因子指数和内梅罗指数评价土壤重金属污染状况,利用多元统计分析与地统计分析相结合的方法,对土壤重金属空间分布及来源进行解析.结果表明:8种重金属元素(Cr、Hg、As、Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb和Cd)的平均含量分别为63. 25、0. 25、7. 83、35. 24、77. 25、31. 48、38. 37和0. 16 mg·kg~(-1),除Cr和As外,其余元素含量均超过太湖流域土壤背景值.土壤样点重金属含量多低于国家农用地土壤污染风险筛选值.内梅罗综合指数显示87. 29%样点的土壤重金属呈现轻度污染,5. 93%样点呈现中度污染,6. 78%样点呈现重度污染,整体已经超过警戒值,处于轻度污染状态.流域农田土壤中Hg、Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd受到农业活动和大气沉降的共同影响; Cr和Ni则受成土母质以及工业生产活动的共同影响; As则主要来源于成土母质.     

Heavy metal availability and impact on activity of soil microorganisms along a Cu/Zn contamination gradient

All the regulations that define a maximum concentration of metals in the receiving soil are based on total soil metal concentration. However, the potential toxicity of a heavy metal in the soil depends on its speciation and availability. We studied the effects of heavy metal speciation and availability on soil microorganism activities along a Cu/Zn contamination gradient. Microbial biomass and enzyme activity of soil contaminated with both Cu and Zn were investigated. The results showed that microbial biomass was negatively affected by the elevated metal levels. The microbial biomass-C （Cmic）/organic C （Corg） ratio was closely correlated to heavy metal stress. There were negative correlations between soil microbial biomass, phosphatase activity and NH4NO3 extractable heavy metals. The soil microorganism activity could be predicted using empirical models with the availability of Cu and Zn. We observed that 72% of the variation in phosphatase activity could be explained by the NH4NO3-extractable and total heavy metal concentration. By considering different monitoring approaches and different viewpoints, this set of methods applied in this study seemed sensitive to site differences and contributed to a better understanding of the effects of heavy metals on the size and activity of microorganisms in soils. The data presented demonstrate the relationship between heavy metals availability and heavy metal toxicity to soil microorganism along a contamination gradient.     

湘西花垣矿区土壤重金属污染及其生物有效性

以花垣矿区4个锰矿点、5个铅锌矿点为现场,对湘西花垣矿区的土壤重金属总量及有效态含量进行了测定,采用污染指数法对矿区土壤重金属污染状况进行了评价,在此基础上,结合主成分分析和线性回归分析等统计学方法,探讨了该矿区重金属污染的主要因子,重金属有效态含量与其对应总量的关系.结果表明:①两矿区土壤Mn、Pb、Cd含量较高,分别为湖南省土壤背景值的8.7、21.5和2.9倍,且大多数土样Pb、Cd含量超过国家土壤环境质量三级标准,对矿区土壤造成污染.②重金属污染评价结果显示,目前两矿区土壤受到轻度的Pb污染,中-重度Cd污染.综合污染指数显示锰矿区为轻-中度污染;铅锌矿区为中-重度污染.③两矿区土壤中Pb、Cd有效态含量相对较高,占总量的比例>10%,且DTPA提取态Mn、Pb、Zn、Cd含量与其总量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01).主成分分析结果显示,Mn、Pb、Zn、Cd和DTPA-Mn、DTPA-Pb、DTPA-Zn、DTPA-Cd是导致花垣两矿区重金属污染的主要因子.因此,应采取一定措施对矿区土壤重金属污染进行治理.     

Bacterial diversity in soils around a lead and zinc mine

Five samples of soil collected from a lead and zinc mine were used to assess the effect of combined contamination of heavy metals on soil bacterial communities using a polyphasic approach including characterization of isolates by culture method, community level catabolic profiling in BIOLOG GN microplates, and genetic community fingerprinting by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA fragments amplified by PCR from community DNA （PCR-DGGE）. The structure of the bacterial community was affected to a certain extent by heavy metals. The PCR-DGGE analysis of 16S rRNA genes showed that there were significant differences in the structure of the microbial community among the soil samples, which were related to the contamination levels. The number of bacteria and the number of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） bands in the soils increased with increasing distance from the lead and zinc mine tailing, whereas the concentration of lead （Pb） and cadmium （Cd） was decreased. Heavily polluted soils could be characterized by a community that differs from those of lightly polluted soils in richness and structure of dominating bacterial populations. The clustering analysis of the DGGE profiles showed that the bacteria in all the five samples of soil belonged to three clusters. The data from the BIOLOG analysis also showed the same result. This study showed that heavy metal contamination decreased both the biomass and diversity of the bacterial community in soil.     

西南典型碳酸盐岩高地质背景区农田重金属化学形态、影响因素及回归模型

土壤重金属化学形态是决定重金属生物活性和生物毒性的重要因素,是科学评价西南碳酸盐岩高地质背景区土壤重金属生态风险的关键.为了探明碳酸盐岩高地质背景区土壤重金属化学形态分布情况,选择贵州省典型碳酸盐岩分布区,以第二次全国土壤普查图斑为采样单元,在农田中采集土壤表层样品309件,利用改进的Tessier七步顺序提取法,分析了As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn等7种重金属的水溶态（F1）、离子交换态（F2）、碳酸盐结合态（F3）、弱有机结合态（F4）、铁锰氧化物结合态（F5）、强有机结合态（F6）和残渣态（F7）这7种化学形态.结果发现,土壤中重金属As、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn残渣态比例均超过50%,有效组分（F1~F3）比例均小于5%,潜在生物有效组分（F4~F6）比例低于45%,活性较低,生态风险不高.Cd的有效组分和潜在生物有效组分占比分别为55.49%和29.37%,远高于其他重金属,基于土壤重金属形态的生态风险远小于基于土壤总量的生态风险.逐步回归方程可以有效建立Cd、Cu和Pb生物有效组分与影响因素之间的关系.重金属全量和pH值是影响碳酸盐岩高地质背景区土壤重金属化学形态的重要因子,受研究区长期土法炼锌活动和碳酸盐岩风化成土过程中重金属元素倾向于在残渣态中富集的影响,土壤有机质（OM）和氧化物含量对土壤重金属化学形态影响相对较小.     

淋洗剂对多金属污染尾矿土壤的修复效应及技术研究

以我国南方某多金属复合污染尾矿土壤为研究对象,对土壤中重金属全量和各形态含量进行分析.通过系列振荡淋洗试验研究了蒸馏水、草酸、柠檬酸、乙酸、硝酸和EDTA对污染土壤的淋洗效果,筛选合适的淋洗剂及其最佳的液土比、液洗时间、淋洗次数等技术参数,并提出利用综合毒性消减指数来综合评价淋洗剂对污染土壤的修复效果.结果表明,该土壤以Cd和Pb污染最为严重,含量分别达52.2 mg.kg-1和4 836.5 mg.kg-1;淋洗剂对土壤中不同重金属元素的淋洗效果差异明显,其中对Cr的去除率最高仅为2.7%,而最多能去除约60%的Cd和Pb;蒸馏水对重金属几乎没有脱除效果,去除率都在0.1%以下,草酸和乙酸对重金属的去除率也较低,0.1 mol.L-1的EDTA是适合的高效淋洗剂;基于综合毒性消减指数和经济成本,选择在1∶6土水比2次淋洗3 h的技术条件.     

A meta-analysis of heavy metals pollution in farmland and urban soils in China over the past 20 years

A total of 713 research papers about field monitor experiments of heavy metals in farmland and urban soils in China, published from 2000 to 2019, were obtained. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the level of China's heavy metal pollution in soils, mainly focusing on eight heavy metals. It was found that the average concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and arsenic (As) in China were 0.19, 30.74, 85.86, 25.81, 0.074, 67.37, 27.77 and 8.89 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the background value (0.097 mg/kg), the Cd content showed a twofold (0.19 mg/kg) rise in farmland soils and a threefold (0.29 mg/kg) rise in urban soils. The decreasing order of the mean I_geo was Cd (1.77) > Pb (0.62) > Zn (0.60) > Cu (0.58) > Hg (0.57) > Cr (0.54) > Ni (0.47) > As (0.28). Nearly 33.54% and 44.65% of sites in farmland and urban soils were polluted with Cd. The average concentrations of eight heavy metals were not sensitive change in recent two decades in farmland and urban soils. The average P_n values for urban (2.52) and farmland (2.15) soils showed that heavy metal pollution in urban soils was more serious than that in farmland, and the middle Yangtze River regions, where industrial activity dominates, were the most polluted. The meta-analysis comprehensively evaluated the current pollution situation of soil heavy metal, and provided important basis for soil management and environment prevention in China.     

Mineral materials as feasible amendments to stabilize heavy metals in polluted urban soils

Four minerals, agricultural limestone (AL), rock phosphate (RP), palygorskite (PG), and calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP), were evaluated by means of chemical fractions of heavy metals in soils and concentrations of heavy metals in leachates from columns to determine their ability to stabilize heavy metals in polluted urban soils. Two urban soils (calcareous soil and acidic soil) polluted with cadmium, copper, zinc and lead were selected and amended in the laboratory with the mineral materials) for 12 months. Results indicated that application of the mineral materials reduced exchangeable metals in the sequence of Pb, Cd > Cu > Zn. The reduction of exchangeable fraction of heavy metals in the soils amended with di erent mineral materials followed the sequence of CMP, PG > AL > RP. Reductions of heavy metals leached were based on comparison with cumulative totals of heavy metals eluted through 12 pore volumes from an untreated soil. The reductions of the metals eluted from the calcareous soil amended with the RP, AL, PG and CMP were 1.98%, 38.89%, 64.81% and 75.93% for Cd, 8.51%, 40.42%, 60.64% and 55.32% for Cu, 1.76%, 52.94%, 70.00% and 74.12% for Pb, and 28.42%, 52.74%, 64.38% and 49.66% for Zn. Those from the acidic soil amended with the CMP, PG, AL, and RP were 25.65%, 68.06%, 78.01% and 79.06% for Cd, 26.56%, 49.64%, 43.40% and 34.68% for Cu, 44.44%, 33.32%, 61.11% and 69.44% for Pb, and 18.46%, 43.77%, 41.98% and 40.68% for Zn. The CMP and PG treatments were superior to the AL and RP for stabilizing heavy metals in the polluted urban soils.     

中国城市土壤重金属空间分布与污染研究

研究对比分析了中国城市土壤重金属的空间变异、时间差异、污染水平以及环境风险,研究结果表明,中国城市土壤重金属含量均超过了中国土壤背景值,尤其是Cd和Pb的污染严重,其含量分别是中国土壤背景值的91.37倍和41.91倍,Ni的污染较轻,其含量是中国土壤背景值的1.59倍。中国城市土壤重金属的含量存在明显地区差异,东部、中部和西部地区的城市土壤重金属含量差异较大,省会城市和地级城市的污染程度不一,城市不同功能区之间也存在明显区别。同时,城市土壤中金属含量也因城市发展时间的长短而又一定差异。中国城市土壤重金属总体内梅罗综合污染指数是45.404,属于重度污染,中国城市土壤重金属综合潜在生态风险指数为71.56,潜在生态风险程度为高级。不同等级的城市污染程度不一,造成的环境风险也不同。     

三峡库区(重庆段)菜地土壤重金属污染特征、潜在生态风险评估及源解析

为探究三峡库区菜地土壤重金属的污染特征、潜在生态风险和污染物的来源,于2021年10月采集了库区（重庆段）14个蔬菜种植区（县）菜地的表层土壤样品,分析了样本中7种重金属元素（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn）的含量,分别利用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态风险评价法对土壤重金属的富集状况和潜在风险进行了评估,并分析了蔬菜种植年限和栽培方式（露天和大棚）对土壤重金属累积的影响.结果表明,库区菜地土壤中重金属的含量高于重庆市三峡库区土壤背景值,但均低于《农用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》（GB 15618-2018）规定的土壤污染风险管制值;单因子污染评价结果表明,区域土壤Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd处于轻微污染水平;内梅罗综合污染指数法表明,研究区处于轻度污染水平,主要污染因子为Cd和Ni,有91.4%的土壤样品存在不同程度的污染（P_N>1）,其中9.19%的样品处于重度污染;潜在生态风险评估结果指出,研究区以轻度生态风险为主,Cd中度生态风险的土壤样本数占比为9.77%,存在一定的生态风险.聚类分析结果显示Cd-Cu-Pb-Zn和As-Cr-Ni分别具有相同的污染源.菜地土壤中重金属含量随着种植年限的增加均呈上升趋势;总体上大棚土壤中重金属含量均高于露天菜地土壤.     

贵州中部山区煤矸石堆场周边污染水稻土重金属的释放特征

通过对贵州中部山区煤矸石堆场周边污染的水稻土及上覆水进行调查与采样分析,探讨污染水稻土有效态重金属(Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg和Pb)含量的变化及其释放特征。研究结果表明:不同程度污染水稻土中Cd、As和Hg的含量及部分水稻土中的Cu含量超过了土壤环境质量二级标准,随着水稻土污染程度的增加,土壤有效态Cd的含量出现明显的增加,中度污染水稻土和重度污染水稻土有效态Cd的平均含量分别比轻度污染水稻土增加了1.30、2.60倍;在水稻生长期间(6~8月),污染稻田上覆水中均出现Cd的超标,中度污染稻田和重度污染稻田上覆水Cd的平均浓度(三次采样)分别比轻度污染稻田的上覆水高11.3%和27.3%。污染水稻土淹水1~30d期间,上覆水Cd的浓度出现不断地增加,淹水20d后中度及重度污染水稻土上覆水Cd均出现超标。因此,煤矸石堆场周边污染稻田排水的Cd会产生明显的二次污染。     

土法炼锌区土壤-白菜系统中重金属的化学调控研究

采用苗圃盆栽试验,用腐殖质、EDTA、不同量的石灰等对赫章土法炼锌区的污染土壤进行处理。测定了基质的化学特性、重金属的DTPA提取态含量,并观察了白菜生长特性及其对重金属累积特性。结果表明,施用石灰处理,土壤速效磷由0.5mg/kg增加到10 mg/kg,土壤中Pb、Zn和Cd的DTPA提取态分别降低了83.9%、23.1%和79.4%;白菜中Pb、Zn和Cd的含量分别减少97.2%、94.7%和89.4%;白菜生物量增加了5.97倍。土法炼锌区影响白菜生长主要土壤因子是pH值和速效磷,白菜中的Cd、Pb与土壤DTPA提取态的Cd、Pb呈显著正相关。在土法炼锌区重金属污染土壤中施加石灰是一种实用而有效的改良措施。     

铅锌矿区土壤中有效态重金属的稳定化研究

为研究铅锌矿区土壤中重金属的稳定化方案,实地采集了四川省攀枝花市米易县某铅锌矿区污染土壤,采用稻壳、秸秆-木材和动物粪便3种不同来源的生物炭对土壤中弱酸提取态Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu和水溶态Zn进行了静态实验,并在此基础上选择动物粪便炭添加到污染土壤中进行了35 d的培育实验。结果表明:动物粪便炭对矿区污染土壤中弱酸提取态Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu稳定化性能最好,去除率分别为13.16%、15.68%、96.33%、65.39%,3种来源生物炭对水溶态Zn去除率均>90%;培育实验中施用30%动物粪便炭的土壤中弱酸提取态Pb降低了97.36%,水溶性Zn也得到了有效降低。因此动物粪便炭的施加可降低矿区污染土壤中重金属的迁移能力,对于铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染的防范与治理提供了参考。     

上海农田土壤重金属的环境质量评价

对上海市农田土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As进行测定分析,利用不同的评价方法和标准来评价土壤重金属的环境质量状况,并在GIS软件支持下,通过空间插值分析了研究区重金属含量的空间分布特征.结果发现,除As外,各重金属平均含量均高于其背景含量;Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg和As的浓度均有个别地方的含量超过了国家<土壤环境质量标准>(GB 15618-1995)二级标准限值;从土壤重金属空间分布来看,农田质量整体尚好,土壤优良率为71.4%,合格率为94.9%,不合格率为5.1%;土壤质量受到各种重金属不同程度的影响,存在显著的空间分异,而Zn、Cd、Hg的污染是引起上海地区土壤质量下降的主要原因;各级土壤以城镇建设用地为中心,圈层状分布特征明显,随着上海地区城镇化空间扩展的推进与土地利用方式的变化,可能会导致新污染区的出现与土壤质量的下降.     

亚氨基二琥珀酸修复重金属污染土壤及环境风险削减评估

以亚氨基二琥珀酸（ISA）为洗脱剂,考察ISA投加量、洗脱液pH值、反应时间和土液比对Cd、Pb和Zn去除率影响,通过Box-Behnken多因素设计法优化最佳洗脱条件,并采用涵盖土壤重金属残留量、浸出浓度和毒性的综合环境风险法评估修复效果.结果表明,ISA对Cd、Pb和Zn去除率随其浓度增加而增加;ISA浓度为50mmol/L时,对矿山污染土壤中Cd、Pb和Zn去除率达到11.83%、34.26%和20.96%;对污染农田土壤中Cd、Pb和Zn去除率达到48.89%、57.08%和81.80%.增加反应时间和洗脱液酸性有助于提高ISA对Cd、Pb和Zn去除率.随土液比减低,Cd、Pb和Zn去除率呈上升趋势.ISA去除Cd、Pb和Zn最佳条件为：ISA浓度70mmol/L、洗脱液pH4.0和反应时间120min,预测矿山土壤和污染农田土壤中Cd、Pb和Zn总去除率最大分别为32.58%和93.16%.ISA大幅度降低水溶态、可交换态和碳酸盐结合态Cd、Pb和Zn残留量,从而削减矿山土壤和污染农田土壤中Cd、Pb和Zn总环境风险达50.81%和87.13%.亚氨基二琥珀酸可有效去除污染土壤中重金属并降低残留重金属的环境风险,是一种潜在材料可用于土壤重金属污染修复.     

2种组配改良剂对稻田土壤重金属有效性的效果

为研究2种组配改良剂LS(碳酸钙+海泡石)和HZ(羟基磷灰石+沸石)对土壤重金属的生物有效性以及水稻吸收累积重金属的影响,在湘南某矿区附近污染稻田中施用了不同添加量(0,2,4,8g/kg)的两种组配改良剂,并进行了水稻种植的田间试验.结果表明,施用2~8g/kg组配改良剂LS和HZ均能使土壤pH值和CEC含量显著增加,有机质含量变化不明显,LS比HZ更能提高土壤pH值和CEC含量.施用2~8g/kg组配改良剂LS能使土壤中Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn的TCLP提取态含量分别降低25.7%~52.2%、12.7%~25.7%、6.4%~17.2%和8.6%~23.4%,施用2~8g/kg HZ使土壤中Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn的TCLP提取态含量分别降低57.6%~80.1%、7.0%~40.9%、2.3%~22.7%和4.5%~33.2%.两种组配改良剂能显著降低土壤中Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn的生物有效性,抑制水稻植株对Pb和Cd的吸收,土壤Pb、Cd和Cu的TCLP提取态含量与水稻根系和糙米中Pb、Cd和Cu的含量之间存在显著或极显著的正相关关系,TCLP提取态含量能较好的表示重金属在土壤中的生物有效性.     

亚氨基二琥珀酸修复重金属污染土壤及环境风险削减评估

以亚氨基二琥珀酸（ISA）为洗脱剂,考察ISA投加量、洗脱液pH值、反应时间和土液比对Cd、Pb和Zn去除率影响,通过Box-Behnken多因素设计法优化最佳洗脱条件,并采用涵盖土壤重金属残留量、浸出浓度和毒性的综合环境风险法评估修复效果.结果表明,ISA对Cd、Pb和Zn去除率随其浓度增加而增加;ISA浓度为50mmol/L时,对矿山污染土壤中Cd、Pb和Zn去除率达到11.83%、34.26%和20.96%;对污染农田土壤中Cd、Pb和Zn去除率达到48.89%、57.08%和81.80%.增加反应时间和洗脱液酸性有助于提高ISA对Cd、Pb和Zn去除率.随土液比减低,Cd、Pb和Zn去除率呈上升趋势.ISA去除Cd、Pb和Zn最佳条件为：ISA浓度70mmol/L、洗脱液pH4.0和反应时间120min,预测矿山土壤和污染农田土壤中Cd、Pb和Zn总去除率最大分别为32.58%和93.16%.ISA大幅度降低水溶态、可交换态和碳酸盐结合态Cd、Pb和Zn残留量,从而削减矿山土壤和污染农田土壤中Cd、Pb和Zn总环境风险达50.81%和87.13%.亚氨基二琥珀酸可有效去除污染土壤中重金属并降低残留重金属的环境风险,是一种潜在材料可用于土壤重金属污染修复.     

Impact of industrial effluent on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in silty clay loam soil

Degradation of soil and water from discharge of untreated industrial effluent is alarming in Bangladesh. Therefore, buildup of heavy metals in soil from contaminated effluent, their entry into the food chain and effects on rice yield were quantified in a pot experiment. The treatments were comprised of 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% industrial effluents applied as irrigation water. Effluents, initial soil, different parts of rice plants and post-harvest pot soil were analyzed for various elements, including heavy metals. Application of elevated levels of effluent contributed to increased heavy metals in pot soils and rice roots due to translocation effects, which were transferred to rice straw and grain. The results indicated that heavy metal toxicity may develop in soil because of contaminated effluent application. Heavy metals are not biodegradable, rather they accumulate in soils, and transfer of these metals from effluent to soil and plant cells was found to reduce the growth and development of rice plants and thereby contributed to lower yield. Moreover, a higher concentration of effluent caused heavy metal toxicity as well as reduction of growth and yield of rice, and in the long run a more aggravated situation may threaten human lives, which emphasizes the obligatory adoption of effluent treatment before its release to the environment, and regular monitoring by government agencies needs to be ensured.     

影响土壤重金属生物毒性的若干因子

本文应用发光细菌法探讨了土壤类型、粘土矿物、无定形金属氧化物、吸附剂对重金属纯溶液以及重金属污染土壤的降毒效应.红壤、砖红壤对Cu、Cd、Pb呈现负的降毒效应,而对As具有明显的降毒作用.黑土、黄棕壤对供试阳离子金属具有明显的降毒效应,对As降毒却不明显.试验证明粘土矿物及其组成是影响土壤重金属毒性的最基本因素.无定形氧化锰对供试阳离子金属的降毒能力大于无定形氧化铁,对As的效应二者则相反.不同吸附剂对Cu、Cd、Pb呈现基本相同的降毒顺序,即炉烟灰>活性炭>泥炭>干活性污泥,不同配比吸附剂对红壤添加性阳离子和东乡铜矿污染土壤均具有明显的降毒作用.添加吸附剂的东乡铜矿污染土壤随着土壤溶液毒性的消除,随之也消除或减轻了其对水稻种芽的急性毒害.     

TCLP法评价矿区土壤重金属的生态环境风险

对浙江上虞某铅锌矿区中污染土壤的重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd)含量进行分析测定,采用美国最新的法定重金属污染评价方法TCLP(Toxicitycharacteristicleachingprocedure)法对土壤重金属污染状况进行评价,以国际规定的TCLP法标准评价重金属生态环境风险.结果表明:土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的有效含量分别在8.2～36mg·kg^-1 、23～143mg·kg^-1 、6.4～1.367mg·kg^-1 和0.41～2.2mg·kg^-1 之间,而与之相对应的国际标准分别为15mg·kg^-1、25mg·kg^-1、5mg·kg^-1 和0.5mg·kg^-1,因此这个矿区附近土壤不同程度地受到Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的污染,其中以Zn、Pb污染最为严重,其次为Cd ,而Cu的污染程度最轻.此外,用TCLP试剂提取土壤中的重金属后表明,TCLP试剂2能更有效地提取土壤中的重金属,并且两者之间存在一定的正相关.TCLP提取液中的重金属浓度与全量之间存在一定的关系.