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人工湿地污水处理系统工艺设计研究 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15
本文阐述了人工湿地污水处理系统工艺设计的主要内容及存在的若干问题,提出了开展人工湿地工艺设计研究的一些设想。人工湿地工艺设计研究包括人工湿地基质构建、植物群落构建和人工湿地构造与工程参数三个方面。目前,由于在污染物净化机理、系统水力学和污染物降解动力学等方面认识不足,制约了人工湿地工艺设计水平的提高,因此,深入研究污染物净化机理、开展人工湿地基质与植物筛选与组合研究、创建适合植物生长的人工生境、优化水力学模型和污染物降解动力学模型.将有利于提高人工湿地工艺设计水平。 相似文献
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人工湿地系统具有高效、节能、基建和运行费用低、操作与维护简单等优点,是一种高效的污水生态处理技术,其去除机理错综复杂。本文综述了人工湿地的系统构造、分类和净化机理,并通过其影响因素的分析,提出了人工湿地污水处理系统在设计、建设和运行管理中应注意的问题。 相似文献
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成都市活水公园人工湿地系统10年运行回顾 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
成都市活水公园是1997年建成的世界上首座以展示"人工湿地水处理系统"和"仿峨眉山亚热带自然植被"为主要内容的、以水保护为主题的生态公园。它所展示的人工湿地处理系统工程,现己正常运行了10年。本文通过回顾10年来活水公园人工湿地工程设计、建设与运行的经验,结合当前己建和在建的人工湿地工程中所存在的一些问题,提出一些看法与建议。供从事人工湿地工程设计、施工及管理人员参考。 相似文献
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以湖泊资源丰富的武汉市为例,通过景观格局指数测定该市湿地破碎化程度,借助GIS技术评估该市湿地生态系统服务价值,并探讨了城市湿地破碎化对生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明:①2000—2015年武汉市湿地总体破碎化趋势有所缓和,但人工湿地相较于自然湿地破碎化程度要高,特别是2010—2015年湿地总面积下降了2.80%,而斑块密度上升了4.12%,湖泊破碎化程度较高。②2000—2015年,武汉市湿地ESV增长了323.27亿元,各类型湿地的生态系统服务价值表现为湖泊>水库坑塘>河流>沼泽。③湿地景观破碎化与部分调节性、支持性和文化性服务功能存在着显著相关关系。 相似文献
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A binary response estimation procedure using contingent valuation data is proposed for estimating the incremental environmental benefits associated with the use of constructed wetlands to control agricultural waste-water runoff. The model uses two binary responses per individual while circumventing the non-independence problems associated with follow-up valuation questions. Case study results suggest that the methodology provides a potentially effective means for measuring the non-market benefits of constructed wetlands in addition to water-quality maintenance.1998 Academic Press 相似文献
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In order to balance pressures for land-use development with protection of wetland resources, artificial wetlands have been
constructed in an effort to replace lost ecosystems. Despite its regulatory appeal and prominent role in current mitigation
strategies, it is unclear whether or not created systems actually compensate for lost wetland resources. Mitigation predictions
that rely on artificial wetlands must be analyzed critically in terms of their efficacy. Destruction of wetlands due to burial
by coal fly ash at a municipal landfill in Danvers, Massachusetts, USA, provided an opportunity to compare resulting growth
of created cattail (Typha) marshes with natural wetland areas. Once the appropriate cattail species was identified for growth under disturbed landfill
conditions, two types of artificial wetlands were constructed. The two systems differed in their hydrologic attributes: while
one had a surface water flow characteristic of most cattail wetlands, the second system mimicked soil and water conditions
found in naturally occurring floating cattail marshes. Comparison of plant growth measurements for two years from the artificial
systems with published values for natural cattail marshes revealed similar structure and growth patterns. Experiments are
now in progress to investigate the ability of created cattail marshes to remove and accumulate heavy metals from polluted
landfill leachate. Research of the type reported here must be pursued aggressively in order to document the performance of
artificial wetlands in terms of plant structure and wetland functions. Such research should allow us to start to evaluate
whether artificial systems actually compensate for lost wetlands by performing similar functions and providing the concomitant
public benefits. 相似文献
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The coastal landscapes in southwestern Korea include a diverse array of tidal wetlands and salt marshes. These coastal zones
link the ecological functions of marine tidal wetlands and freshwater ecosystems with terrestrial ecosystems. They are rich
in biological diversity and play important roles in sustaining ecological health and processing environmental pollutants.
Korean tidal wetlands are particularly important as nurseries for economically important fishes and habitats for migratory
birds. Diking, draining, tourism, and conversion to agricultural and urban uses have adversely affected Korean tidal wetlands.
Recent large development projects have contributed to further losses. Environmental impact assessments conducted for projects
affecting tidal wetlands and their surrounding landscapes should be customized for application to these special settings.
Adequate environmental impact assessments will include classification of hydrogeomorphic units and consideration of their
responses to biological and environmental stressors. As is true worldwide, Korean laws and regulations are changing to be
more favorable to the conservation and protection of tidal wetlands. More public education needs to be done at the local level
to build support for tidal wetland conservation. Some key public education points include the role of tidal wetlands in maintaining
healthy fish populations and reducing impacts of nonpoint source pollution. There is also a need to develop procedures for
integrating economic and environmental objectives within the overall context of sustainable management and land uses. 相似文献
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Intensive black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) aquaculture ponds have replaced significant areas of coastal wetlands throughout tropical Asia. Few studies have assessed
potential impacts on avian foraging habitats. At Khao Sam Roi Yod National Park, Thailand, seminatural wetlands have been
converted to either shrimp ponds or to salinization ponds that provide saline water for shrimp aquaculture. Although shorebirds
cannot feed in aquaculture ponds, hypersaline ponds can provide productive foraging areas. Thus, the overall impact of the
shrimp industry on shorebirds depends partly on the relative quality of the salt ponds compared to seminatural wetlands. In
this study, we examined wintering shorebird use of tidal (N = 5 sites) and supratidal areas (four wetland sites, four salt pond sites) and compared the shorebird community (14 species),
prey availability, profitability, and disturbance rates between wetlands and salt ponds. Two shorebird species fed in higher
densities in wetlands, whereas seven species were more abundant in salt ponds. Large juvenile fish and dragonfly larvae were
more abundant in wetlands, whereas there were more small Chironomid midge and fly larvae in salt ponds. We conclude that salt ponds might provide higher-quality foraging habitats compared to
wetlands for small shorebirds species because of the abundance of small larvae. However, the shrimp aquaculture industry reduces
habitat availability for shorebirds feeding on larger prey. This study demonstrates a comprehensive, multispecies approach
to assess the impacts of a large-scale change in coastal habitats for wintering shorebirds. 相似文献
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Wise Use of Wetlands: Current State of Protection and Utilization of Chinese Wetlands and Recommendations for Improvement 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wetland protection and utilization sometimes appear to be in conflict, but promoting the wise use of wetlands can solve this
problem. All countries face the challenge of sustainable development of wetlands to a greater or lesser extent, but the problem
is especially urgent in developing countries, such as China, that want to accelerate their economic development without excessive
environmental cost. Chinese wetlands contribute greatly to economic development, but improper use of these natural resources
has endangered their existence. It is thus necessary to provide scientific guidance to managers and users of wetlands. In
this paper, we analyze the present status of Chinese wetland protection and utilization, and discuss problems in six categories:
a lack of public awareness of the need for wetland protection; insufficient funding for wetland protection and management;
an imperfect legal system to protect wetlands; insufficient wetland research; lack of coordination among agencies and unclear
responsibilities; and undeveloped technologies related to wetland use and protection. The wise use of Chinese wetlands will
require improvements in four main areas: increased wetland utilization research, scientific management of wetland utilization,
improved laws and regulations to protect wetlands, and wider dissemination of wetland knowledge. Based on these categories,
we propose a framework for the optimization of wetland use by industry to provide guidance for China and other countries that
cannot sacrifice economic benefits to protect their wetlands. 相似文献
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结合中国石油吐哈油田公司葡北站的实际情况及对该站生活污水水质进行分析,并对几种常用的污水生化处理工艺进行比较,确定选用三级潜流型人工湿地处理该站生活污水。文章介绍了三级潜流型人工湿地污水处理系统的工艺特点、运行、维护及效果。经分析论证,利用人工湿地处理分散站的小排量生活污水,十分经济且有效,以较低的成本,实现了生活污水的优质处理,产生较好的经济效益和社会效益。 相似文献
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Populations of many shorebird species are declining; habitat loss and degradation are among the leading causes for these declines. Shorebirds use a variety of habitats along interior migratory routes including managed moist soil units, natural wetlands, sandbars, and agricultural lands such as harvested rice fields. Less well known is shorebird use of freshwater aquaculture facilities, such as commercial cat- and crayfish ponds. We compared shorebird habitat use at drained aquaculture ponds, moist soil units, agricultural areas, sandbars and other natural habitat, and a sewage treatment facility in the in the lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley (LMAV) during autumn 2009. Six species: Least Sandpiper (Calidris minutilla), Killdeer (Charadrius vociferous), Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla), Pectoral Sandpiper (C. melanotos), Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus himantopus), and Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes), accounted for 92 % of the 31,165 individuals observed. Sewage settling lagoons (83.4, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 25.3–141.5 birds/ha), drained aquaculture ponds (33.5, 95 % CI 22.4–44.6 birds/ha), and managed moist soil units on public lands (15.7, CI 11.2–20.3 birds/ha) had the highest estimated densities of shorebirds. The estimated 1,100 ha of drained aquaculture ponds available during autumn 2009 provided over half of the estimated requirement of 2,000 ha by the LMAV Joint Venture working group. However, because of the decline in the aquaculture industry, autumn shorebird habitats in the LMAV may be limited in the near future. Recognition of the current aquaculture habitat trends will be important to the future management activities of federal and state agencies. Should these aquaculture habitat trends continue, there may be a need for wildlife biologists to investigate other habitats that can be managed to offset the current and expected loss of aquaculture acreages. This study illustrates the potential for freshwater aquaculture to provide habitat for a taxa at risk. With the rapid growth of aquaculture worldwide, the practices of this industry deserve attention to identify benefits as well as risks to wildlife. 相似文献
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L.L. Smith A.L. Subalusky C.L. Atkinson J.E. Earl D.M. Mushet D.E. Scott S.L. Lance S.A. Johnson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(2):334-353
Many species that inhabit seasonally ponded wetlands also rely on surrounding upland habitats and nearby aquatic ecosystems for resources to support life stages and to maintain viable populations. Understanding biological connectivity among these habitats is critical to ensure that landscapes are protected at appropriate scales to conserve species and ecosystem function. Biological connectivity occurs across a range of spatial and temporal scales. For example, at annual time scales many organisms move between seasonal wetlands and adjacent terrestrial habitats as they undergo life‐stage transitions; at generational time scales, individuals may disperse among nearby wetlands; and at multigenerational scales, there can be gene flow across large portions of a species’ range. The scale of biological connectivity may also vary among species. Larger bodied or more vagile species can connect a matrix of seasonally ponded wetlands, streams, lakes, and surrounding terrestrial habitats on a seasonal or annual basis. Measuring biological connectivity at different spatial and temporal scales remains a challenge. Here we review environmental and biological factors that drive biological connectivity, discuss implications of biological connectivity for animal populations and ecosystem processes, and provide examples illustrating the range of spatial and temporal scales across which biological connectivity occurs in seasonal wetlands. 相似文献
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人工湿地控制非点源污染的应用 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
随着点源污染的有效管理和控制,非点源污染已成为水环境污染的主要原因。人工湿地作为一种控制水环境非点源污染的有效工具,已被世界上很多国家所认可。本文首先简述了非点源污染的危害,其次对人工湿地的概念和类型进行了介绍,论述了人工湿地对非点源污染中氮、磷、重金属和农药等主要污染物的去除机理,最后对人工湿地处理系统的附属设施、水力因素、表土层以及植物收割等应用问题进行了探讨。 相似文献