人工湿地污水处理系统工艺设计研究

本文阐述了人工湿地污水处理系统工艺设计的主要内容及存在的若干问题，提出了开展人工湿地工艺设计研究的一些设想。人工湿地工艺设计研究包括人工湿地基质构建、植物群落构建和人工湿地构造与工程参数三个方面。目前，由于在污染物净化机理、系统水力学和污染物降解动力学等方面认识不足，制约了人工湿地工艺设计水平的提高，因此，深入研究污染物净化机理、开展人工湿地基质与植物筛选与组合研究、创建适合植物生长的人工生境、优化水力学模型和污染物降解动力学模型．将有利于提高人工湿地工艺设计水平。     

采油污水处理技术研究现状与发展趋势

综述了各项回注水和外排水处理技术的优势和不足。纵观国内油田采油污水处理技术,按照主要处理工艺过程可分为重力除油工艺、压力除油工艺、气浮除油工艺和精细过滤工艺等;外排采出水所采用的技术主要有生物法、化学法和植物湿地法。为了降低成本,实现更有利的经济和社会效益,对采油污水处理技术进行适当的组合或改进,从而更好地满足当前油田高含水期处理污水的需要。     

从潜流式人工湿地设计谈提高氮去除率方法的途径

从相关文献与实际工程来看,潜流式人工湿地对含氮污染物的去除效果与含碳污染物的去除比相对较弱。参考国内外大量文献资料,根据潜流式人工湿地的常规工艺和脱氮机理,本文总结并提出了一些提高污水氮去除率的方法。指出应根据具体的情况选择合适的植物和基质、通过工程措施和工艺组合、优化工艺设计及其他一些方法来创造脱氮所需环境,从而达到提高潜流式人工湿地氮去除率的目的。     

人工湿地技术在农村生活污水综合治理中的应用探讨

农村生活污水具有浓度低、成分复杂、生化性高的特点,以豫南某村人工湿地工程为例,介绍人工湿地组合工艺处理农村生活污水,并对污染负荷、湿地床结构、基质材料及植被选择、水力条件等设计参数进行分析。结果表明,人工湿地系统能够有效处理农村生活污水,操作管理简单,在我国农村具有很强的推广意义。     

组合人工湿地对化工园区尾水COD的去除及其模拟

采用组合人工湿地中试试验对工业园区污水厂尾水进行处理,研究了3种不同的水力负荷(10cm/d,20cm/d和25cm/d)下COD的去除,并用一级动力学模型对组合人工湿地及其各个湿地单元的COD的去除进行了模拟。结果表明组合人工湿地对COD的去除受水力负荷影响有限,去除率基本都在60%以上,系统出水COD浓度在40mg/L以下,并且夏季的去除效果最佳。对数学模拟的结果进行分析,发现一、二级潜流湿地对COD去除贡献较大,另外组合人工湿地系统对COD的去除效果也优于单个的湿地。系统最终出水中的COD模拟结果和实测值相接近,说明基于一级动力学模型的组合人工湿地数学模拟对实际运行有指导意义。     

成都市活水公园人工湿地系统10年运行回顾

成都市活水公园是1997年建成的世界上首座以展示"人工湿地水处理系统"和"仿峨眉山亚热带自然植被"为主要内容的、以水保护为主题的生态公园。它所展示的人工湿地处理系统工程,现己正常运行了10年。本文通过回顾10年来活水公园人工湿地工程设计、建设与运行的经验,结合当前己建和在建的人工湿地工程中所存在的一些问题,提出一些看法与建议。供从事人工湿地工程设计、施工及管理人员参考。     

赣南新农村生活污水生态处理系统设计

采用潜流式人工湿地和稳定塘组合工艺,结合生态及景观建设进行了赣南新农村生活污水处理工程设计。该工程既处理了生活污水,又改善了生态环境,体现了污水处理与生态环境建设相结合的新理念,符合我国新农村建设发展的要求。     

人工湿地-氧化塘工艺组合对氮和磷去除效果研究

本文在小试规模上，研究了下行流湿地、推流床湿地、氧化塘和兼性塘四种处理单元的四种工艺组合对氮、磷的去除效果，研究结果表明：下行流湿地 氧化塘工艺组合具有较好的充氧效果，推流床湿地后置也可以提高出水的溶解氧。四种工艺组合对离子和TP、IP的去除无显著差异。人工湿地中硝化作用的发生有利于NH^ 4f-N的去除，增加氧化塘可以提高系统的硝化能力，但同时也会增加出水中的N0^-3-N浓度。     

表面流人工湿地磷循环生态动力学模型及实现方法

人工湿地做为一种高效低耗的新型污水处理工艺日益为人们所关注,特别是表面流人工湿地所特有的区域生态效益和脱氮除磷效果,但其污染物去除的内在机制并不为人们所完全掌握。本文详细地介绍了表面流人工湿地磷循环生态动力学模型的设计思想、具体结构、数学模式和实现方法,并对生物生长、死亡和土壤作用模块的各种不同实现方法傲了深入细致地分析探讨。结果表明人工湿地生态动力学模型由于假设歧义、实现方法不统一、模型参数测定手段的缺乏等因素的影响,导致其模拟结果的误差偏大,在表面流人工湿地多介质环境条件下多形态磷循环机理和多学科交叉研究方面还需要进行更深入、细致的工作,来对模型不断完善以推动对人工湿地污水处理工艺的完全掌握和科学应用。     

人工湿地的生态休闲利用与设计

人工湿地系统除了可以起到净化污水的作用,在经过精心设计后,还可发挥与自然湿地系统同样的生态保护功能,更可为人们提供一个休闲娱乐、旅游观光、科教科研的场所,越来越多的人工湿地系统开始重视并采用一系列的设计手段以充分发挥其自然价值和社会价值。本文详细地介绍了目前人工湿地综合利用研究进展,分析了综合利用时一些潜在的问题,及其设计时应当加以考虑的注意事项和建议。     

复合人工湿地去除有机污染物的研究

人工湿地中不同的污染物的去除机理不同,其去污的影响因素也不同.在国内,人工湿地对氮磷去除的研究较多,对新型有机污染物的研究很少,在很多机理上还属空白.总结了近年来国内外湿地对有机污染物去除的研究进展情况以及不同湿地类型对去除率的影响.系统的分析了有关湿地植物,基质,微生物对于有机污染物的去除作用机理,提出了存在问题并对今后湿地去除有机污染物的研究进行了展望.     

人工湿地净化河道水质的研究进展

人工湿地是近年来国内外应用较多、发展较快的一种污水处理技术,本文从国内外人工湿地净化河水的技术应用出发,列举了人工湿地处理河水污染的效果和优势,并对湿地净化河水效率影响较大的湿地植物、填料、气候条件以及湿地构造4个因素进行了比较、分析和总结,最后对人工湿地净化河道水质进行了展望。     

人工湿地处理污水的研究

本文简要地介绍了国内外人工湿地在处理污水方面的研究动态,概述了N、P的去除效率、机理及人工湿地的设计过程,同时展示了此技术在我国广泛的应用前景,并提出了该领域的研究方向。     

Use of created cattail (Typha) wetlands in mitigation strategies

In order to balance pressures for land-use development with protection of wetland resources, artificial wetlands have been constructed in an effort to replace lost ecosystems. Despite its regulatory appeal and prominent role in current mitigation strategies, it is unclear whether or not created systems actually compensate for lost wetland resources. Mitigation predictions that rely on artificial wetlands must be analyzed critically in terms of their efficacy. Destruction of wetlands due to burial by coal fly ash at a municipal landfill in Danvers, Massachusetts, USA, provided an opportunity to compare resulting growth of created cattail (Typha) marshes with natural wetland areas. Once the appropriate cattail species was identified for growth under disturbed landfill conditions, two types of artificial wetlands were constructed. The two systems differed in their hydrologic attributes: while one had a surface water flow characteristic of most cattail wetlands, the second system mimicked soil and water conditions found in naturally occurring floating cattail marshes. Comparison of plant growth measurements for two years from the artificial systems with published values for natural cattail marshes revealed similar structure and growth patterns. Experiments are now in progress to investigate the ability of created cattail marshes to remove and accumulate heavy metals from polluted landfill leachate. Research of the type reported here must be pursued aggressively in order to document the performance of artificial wetlands in terms of plant structure and wetland functions. Such research should allow us to start to evaluate whether artificial systems actually compensate for lost wetlands by performing similar functions and providing the concomitant public benefits.     

Predicting Sustainable Ground Water to Constructed Riparian Wetlands: Shaker Trace,Ohio, USA

Water isotopy is introduced as a tool to design, locate, and select storm water best management practices for the prediction of sustained ground water inflows to prospective constructed wetlands. A primer and application of the stable isotopes, ¹⁸O and ²H, are discussed for riparian wetland restoration areas among an agricultural landscape in southwestern Ohio. Conventional piezometric measurements were ambiguous in identifying groundwater mounding across a transect which includes numerous agricultural tile drains. Instead evaporative potential data represented by δ¹⁸O values indicated a well delineated zone for prospective constructed wetlands. All successful constructed wetland areas thus far at Shaker Trace are represented by ground water with depleted δ¹⁸O values below −9.0‰ VSMOW. Such areas of sustainable ground water inflow could either be due to perched units at depth or simply the result of an increased flow gradient.     

人工湿地处理葡北站生活污水的探索与应用

结合中国石油吐哈油田公司葡北站的实际情况及对该站生活污水水质进行分析,并对几种常用的污水生化处理工艺进行比较,确定选用三级潜流型人工湿地处理该站生活污水。文章介绍了三级潜流型人工湿地污水处理系统的工艺特点、运行、维护及效果。经分析论证,利用人工湿地处理分散站的小排量生活污水,十分经济且有效,以较低的成本,实现了生活污水的优质处理,产生较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

几种潜流式人工湿地的工程应用与处理效果对比

通过对几种潜流式人工湿地工程实地应用研究与实时监测分析,结合四川眉山人工湿地示范工程长期运行处理情况,对四川省农村产生的生活污水在同等条件下的处理效果进行了比较研究,为探索适用于农村面源污染的控制方法及取得最优处理效果提供基础数据、理论和对策参考。     

Effect of plant harvest on methane emission from two constructed wetlands designed for the treatment of wastewater

The emission of methane from two constructed wetlands [a free water surface flow system (FWS) and a subsurface flow system (SF)], constructed for the treatment of waste water, was evaluated at different sites inhabited by reeds (Phragmites communis), to test the effects of plant harvest. High methane emission was recorded immediately after harvesting in both wetlands. Several days after harvesting, the emission decreased in the FWS but remained high in the SF. The variation was significantly influenced by temperature, with lower emission and higher dissolved CH(4) in water occurring at lower temperatures. Both the emission and concentration of dissolved CH(4) were also influenced significantly by water quality, wetland design, level of stalk butt left above the water level, etc. The methane flux was explained on the basis of rizhospheric methanogenic and methanotrophic microbial populations. FISH analysis indicated the presence of Type A and Type B methanotrophs in both wetlands, and the methane flux was directly influenced by the quantitative variation in methanogenic and methanotrophic bacteria in both wetlands.     

SIMULATING FLOW IN REGIONAL WETLANDS WITH THE MODFLOW WETLANDS PACKAGE1

ABSTRACT: As part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), various water supply projects have been proposed in a region located between the Miami metropolitan area and the extensive regional wetland systems that are part of the Everglades or remnant Everglades. A ground water flow model of the surficial aquifer within northern Miami‐Dade County was constructed using MODFLOW to evaluate the effects of these projects on water levels in the wetlands and the underlying surficial aquifer. The new Wetlands package was used to conjunctively simulate overland flow through these wetlands and the shallow ground water system. Comparisons of simulated to measured ground water levels and wetland stages were very satisfactory, where computed and measured water levels agreed within 0.5 ft over most of the period of record at nearly all of the monitoring sites. Temporal trends in water levels were also replicated. It was concluded that the assumptions and methodologies inherent to the Wetlands package were suitable for simulating regional wetland hydrology within the Everglades area.     

Substrate organic matter to improve nitrate removal in surface-flow constructed wetlands

A wetland mesocosm experiment was conducted in eastern North Carolina to determine if organic matter (OM) addition to soils used for in-stream constructed wetlands would increase NO3--N treatment. Not all soils are suitable for wetland substrate, so OM addition can provide a carbon and nutrient source to the wetland early in its development to enhance denitrification and biomass growth. Four batch studies, with initial NO3--N concentrations ranging from 30 to 120 mg L-1, were conducted in 2002 in 21 surface-flow wetland mesocosms. The results indicated that increasing the OM content of a Cape Fear loam soil from 50 g kg-1 (5% dry wt.) to 110 g kg-1 (11% dry wt.) enhanced NO3--N wetland treatment efficiency in spring and summer batch studies, but increases to 160 g kg-1 (16% dry wt.) OM did not. Wetlands constructed with dredged material from the USACE Eagle Island Confined Disposal Facility in Wilmington, NC, with initial OM of 120 g kg-1 (12% dry wt.), showed no improvement in NO3--N treatment efficiency when increased to 180 g kg-1 (18% dry wt.), but did show increased NO3--N treatment efficiency in all batch studies when increased to 220 g kg-1 (22% dry wt.). Increased OM addition and biosolids to the Cape Fear loam and dredged material blends significantly increased biomass growth in the second growing season when compared to no OM addition. Results of this research indicate that increased OM in the substrate will reduce the area required for in-stream constructed wetlands to treat drainage water in humid regions. It also serves as a demonstration of how dredged material can be used successfully in constructed wetlands, as an alternative to costly storage by the USACE.