调整优化产业结构，发展楚雄特色经济

区域发展的核心是区域结构的优化问题，主要包括产业结构优化和空间结构优化，而产业结构优化程度的衡量标准取决于该区域资源优势发挥的程度。从楚雄州的经济发展现状入手，剖析了其优势资源的结构、特点与其产业结构之间的不对称性，针对存在的问题，提出用产业结构调整优化来发展该地区的特色经济，进而实现经济的可持续发展。     

南京市产业结构优化分析

南京市经济健康、快速发展的关键是产业结构的调整与优化，对南京市产业结构进行深入分析具有十分重要的实际意义。结合定性和定量的方法，从产业结构演变、产业水平、产业效益和工业内部结构等几个方面对南京市产业结构加以分析，并在此基础上，归纳出南京市产业结构的特点，提出了南京市产业结构优化的对策。     

低碳经济背景下河北省产业结构调整运行机制探索

主要分析了河北省发展低碳经济优化升级产业结构的驱动力,借鉴发达国家低碳经济与产业结构调整运行机制的实践经验,提出了发展河北省低碳经济与产业结构调整运行机制的策略。     

云南省优化开发区产业结构优化初探

优化产业结构对区域可持续发展,以及区域竞争力的提升具有重要意义。为保证区域经济又好又快的增长,优化产业结构是其关键。针对云南省优化开发区中的产业结构现状进行分析说明,指出其中的不合理之处,最后给出优化产业结构和进行产业结构内部调整的可行性建议。     

基于DEA的大连市产业结构优化评估

优化高效的产业结构是城市经济社会全面发展的必要条件,对产业结构优化程度进行评估是促进大连市产业结构调整、加快经济发展的有力手段.基于数据包络分析方法的C<'2>R模型,构建包括6个投入指标、4个产出指标的城市产业结构合理性评估指标体系,利用Matlab7.0软件对大连市产业结构合理性进行了评估分析,同时又通过与上海、深圳的第三产业比较分析发现,大连市产业结构合理化较高,但产业结构高级化方面较低,即第三产业所占比重较少,仍需通过相关手段发展第三产业.     

输水水质保障下南四湖流域产业结构优化调整研究

通过对南四湖流域产业结构现状、水污染现状以及两者动态演化趋势的解析,结合对流域经济与环保政策导向的梳理,综合权衡三次产业发展对流域经济支撑度、水污染影响潜在威胁与现实效应,汇总形成了南四湖流域三次产业结构优化调整分析矩阵。在此基础上,探讨了不同产业结构优化调整的方案模式,提出南四湖流域三次产业中不同行业的结构优化方案。     

促进产业结构调整暂行规定

为贯彻落实党的十六届五中全会精神，实现“十一五”规划目标，全面落实科学发展观，加强和改善宏观调控，进一步转变经济增长方式，推进产业结构调整和优化升级，保持国民经济平稳较快发展，国务院于2．005年12月2日发布了《促进产业结构调整暂行规定》（以下简称《暂行规定》）（国发[2005]40号），内容如下：[编者按]     

水利产业结构的合理划分与战略调整

水利产业是国民经济的基础产业，水利产业的快速发展对社会经济可持续发展和生态环境提供了重要的支撑和保障。水利产业可按生产产品、生产方式等不同来划分结构，如何调整和优化我国当前的水利产业结构，使其逐步合理化、高度化具有重要意义。着重分析了新的朝阳产业——水务产业的调整方向。     

湘西州低碳经济发展路径研究

低碳经济已成为区域可持续发展的必然选择,发展低碳经济对湘西州转变发展方式具有重要的现实意义,是提升湘西州经济发展效益、转变发展方式、优化产业结构和抓住发展机遇的需要.针对湘西发展低碳经济面临的制约要素,可从宣传低碳消费理念、调整优化产业结构、构筑低碳技术创新体系、加强低碳人才培样和完善低碳政策体系等方面进行解决.     

调整产业结构促进滨州循环经济发展

由于经济结构比例失调，产业关系失衡，产业层次低下，技术含量低，空间布局失当等矛盾，导致环境污染严重，影响了环境质量改善的进程。滨州市通过深化体制改革，完善产业政策，充分发挥产业结构调整对环境资源的优化配置，促进循环经济发展。     

Elephants,people, parks and development: the case of the Luangwa Valley,Zambia

New ideas about conserving wildlife are emerging to compete with conventional national park policies. But methods of analyzing wildlife conservation problems in Africa are inadequate for the analysis of complex issues of policy. Much of the analysis of conservation policy attempts to be apolitical on issues charged with social conflict. Analyses are too often ahistorical when history can say a great deal about the origins of present-day ecological problems. Further-more, problems are commonly analyzed within narrow discilinary frameworks which predetermine the nature of conclusions and lead to professionally biased proposals. This case study of the Luangwa Valley, Zambia, is used to demonstrate a method which attempts to remedy these weaknesses,In the first part of the article we examine the role of the Luangwa National Parks in the context of the Zambian political economy, and identify social groups which compete for the resources of the national parks. Next we trace the historical origins of present-day ecological changes. These analyses lead toward a model of the Parks and some of their relationships with the national economy. We end with a proposal for communal use of wildlife which attempts to resolve some of the contradictions inherent in current policy.     

Morphologie effects of channelization: the case of the Neebing-McIntyre floodway,Thunder Bay,Ontario, Canada

The Neebing-McIntyre floodway in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, has been constructed with a relatively straight and uniform trapezoidal channel, compared with the prechannelized sinuous reaches of the Neebing and the McIntyre rivers. The flow regime of the floodway also contrasts significantly with the prechannelized regime, because of the combination of discharges from these rivers into a new channel and the regulation of flows by a diversion structure. The maximum channel capacity of the floodway is about 284 m³ s^–1 (175-year regional flood), compared with about 40 m³ s^–1 and 60 m³ s^–1, respectively, for the Neebing and the McIntyre. According to regime theories, the construction of a straight and trapezoidal channel has upset the equilibrium of the stream system and therefore should lead to some accelerated erosion and sedimentation processes in the new channel immediately after construction. Erosion potential is particularly high during higher discharge events, when flow velocities are expected to be greater than the prechannelized velocities of the Neebing and the McIntyre. The overall sediment yield of the watershed is low (71t km^–2 yr^–1), compared with other documented watersheds of North America, but the rates of deposition in the floodway are relatively high, mainly due to the backwater effect of Lake Superior. Unless maintained by constant channel work, the floodway will tend to fill up with sediment, until a postconstructional equilibrium is reestablished.     

Ethical Veganism,Virtue, and Greatness of the Soul

Many moral philosophers have criticized intensive animal farming because it can be harmful to the environment, it causes pain and misery to a large number of animals, and furthermore eating meat and animal-based products can be unhealthful. The issue of industrially farmed animals has become one of the most pressing ethical questions of our time. On the one hand, utilitarians have argued that we should become vegetarians or vegans because the practices of raising animals for food are immoral since they minimize the overall happiness. Deontologists, on the other hand, have argued that the practices of raising animals for food are immoral because animals have certain rights and we have duties toward them. Some virtue ethicists remain unconvinced of deontic and consequentialist arguments against the exploitation of animals and suggest that a virtue-based approach is better equipped to show what is immoral about raising and using animals for food, and what is virtuous about ethical veganism.     

Superfund,Hedonics, and the Scales of Environmental Justice

Environmental justice (EJ) is prominent in environmental policy, yet EJ research is plagued by debates over methodological procedures. A well-established economic approach, the hedonic price method, can offer guidance on one contentious aspect of EJ research: the choice of the spatial unit of analysis. Environmental managers charged with preventing or remedying inequities grapple with these framing problems. This article reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on unit choice in EJ, as well as research employing hedonic pricing to assess the spatial extent of hazardous waste site impacts. The insights from hedonics are demonstrated in a series of EJ analyses for a national inventory of Superfund sites. First, as evidence of injustice exhibits substantial sensitivity to the choice of spatial unit, hedonics suggests some units conform better to Superfund impacts than others. Second, hedonic estimates for a particular site can inform the design of appropriate tests of environmental inequity for that site. Implications for policymakers and practitioners of EJ analyses are discussed.     

国有自然资源资产管理体制改革的建议与思考

自然资源产权管理和专业监管的分立可充分发挥市场作用,进一步促进简政放权,实现对山水林田湖草的综合管理,克服监管盲点,提升综合保护绩效,促进绿水青山转化为金山银山。设立专门机构开展自然资源资产管理,《生态文明体制改革总体方案》等规定了改革依据;自然资源统一确权登记试点取得积极进展,奠定了工作基础;与自然资源资产负债表、绿色GDP核算、生态文明建设目标评价考核等结合起来,促进改革的系统化和连贯化;建议在国家和省、市成立三级国有自然资源资产管理机构,在部分区域和流域派驻机构。为保障改革的实施,需界定国有自然资源资产的范围及所有权、监管权的角色和权限;改革生态补偿、排污权有偿使用、资源有偿利用等制度;明晰流域与属地的权力(利)关系;明确自然资源资产管理职责和生态环保党政同责的关系;重构环境保护税、资源税和自然资源资产使用费的关系;规定自然资源资产管理的原则、体制、制度和责任;建立自然资源资产清单、权利清单和管理信息平台;厘清各方权利边界和监管边界,建立评价考核和奖惩机制。     

Relative Importance of Intrinsic,Extrinsic, and Anthropic Factors in the Geomorphic Zonation of the Trinity River,Texas1

Phillips, Jonathan D., 2010. Relative Importance of Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Anthropic Factors in the Geomorphic Zonation of the Trinity River, Texas. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(4): 807-823. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00457.x Abstract: The Trinity River, Texas, was characterized according to its geologic framework, valley width and confinement, slope, sinuosity, channel-floodplain connectivity, and flow regime, leading to the identification of 18 hinge points along the 638 km study area where major transitions in two or more criteria occur. These, and effects of human agency, avulsions, and sea level rise, delineate 21 river styles or zones. Each zone was evaluated with respect to dominant factors determining its geomorphological characteristics: geology/lithology, tectonics, Holocene sea level rise, meandering, cutoffs and other lateral channel changes, avulsions, valley constrictions by alluvial terraces, and paleomeander depressions. Direct human influences (a large impoundment and water withdrawals) are also evident. Entropy of the relationships between these controls and the geomorphological zones shows that all the controls are significant, and each accounts for 4-15% of the total entropy. Geologic controls, lateral channel changes, and constriction by terraces are the three most influential controls, illustrating that controls on river morphology include extrinsic boundary conditions, active process-form interrelationships, and inherited features. Extrinsic and intrinsic controls each account for about a third of the entropy, but the latter includes antecedent features as well as active channel dynamics, underscoring the importance of historical contingency even in alluvial rivers.     

Reconstructed Streamflows for the Headwaters of the Wind River,Wyoming, United States1

Abstract: Tree rings offer a means to extend observational records of streamflow by hundreds of years, but dendrohydrological techniques are not regularly applied to small tributary and headwaters gages. Here we explore the potential for extending three such gage records on small streams in the Wind River drainage of central Wyoming, United States. Using core samples taken from Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), piñon pine (Pinus edulis), and limber pine (Pinus flexilis) at 38 sites, we were able to reconstruct streamflows for the headwaters of the Wind River back to 1672 AD or earlier. The streamflow reconstructions for Bull Lake Creek above Bull Lake; the Little Popo Agie River near Lander, Wyoming; and Wind River near Dubois, Wyoming explained between 40% and 64% of the observed variance, and these extended records performed well in a variety of statistical verification tests. The full reconstructions show pronounced inter‐annual variability in streamflow, and these proxy records also point to the prevalence of severe, sustained droughts in this region. These reconstructions indicate that the 20th Century was relatively wet compared to previous centuries, and actual gage records may capture only a limited subset of potential natural variability in this area. Further analyses reveal how tree‐ring based reconstructions for small tributary and headwaters gages can be strongly influenced by the length and quality of calibration records, but this work also demonstrates how the use of a spatially extensive network of tree‐ring sites can improve the quality of these types of reconstructions.     

Thermal treatments of industrial wastes in controlled atmospheres for the elimination of As, Hg, Cd, Se and the concentration of Pb, Cu and Zn

Thermal treatments of five different types of non-ferrous metallurgical wastes, under a controlled atmosphere, were carried out at temperatures lower than 800°C for the separation of their toxic compounds and the concentration of valuable metals in the treatments residues. The best results were obtained by the treatments in air or hydrogen, or both successively. Simple treatments, using air or hydrogen, of three samples allowed the elimination of more than 95% of their toxic elements and almost doubled their valuable metals concentration. For the rest of the samples, a combined treatment was necessary for their efficient decontamination. In this case, the valuable metals content in the treatment's residue was increased to a reasonable value. Most of the solids issuing from these treatments can be recycled in current non-ferrous metallurgical processes.     

Analysis of bank erosion on the Merced River,Yosemite Valley,Yosemite National Park,California, USA

Channel changes from 1919 to 1989 were documented in two study reaches of the Merced River in Yosemite National Park through a review of historical photographs and documents and a comparison of survey data. Bank erosion was prevalent and channel width increased an average of 27% in the upstream reach, where human use was concentrated. Here, trampling of the banks and riparian vegetation was common, and banks eroded on straight stretches as frequently as on meander bends. Six bridges in the upper reach constrict the channel by an average of 38% of the original width, causing severe erosion. In the downstream control reach, where human use was minimal, channel widths both decreased and increased, with a mean increase of only 4% since 1919. Bank erosion in the control reach occurred primarily on meander bends. The control reach also had denser stands of riparian vegetation and a higher frequency of large woody debris in channels. There is only one bridge in the lower reach, located at the downstream end. Since 1919, bank erosion in the impacted upstream reach contributed a significant amount of sediment (74,800 tonnes, equivalent to 2.0 t/km²/yr) to the river. An analysis of 75 years of precipitation and hydrologic records showed no trends responsible for bank erosion in the upper reach. Sediment input to the upper reach has not changed significantly during the study period. Floodplain soils are sandy, with low cohesion and are easily detached by lateral erosion. The degree of channel widening was positively correlated with the percentage of bare ground on the streambanks and low bank stability ratings. Low bank stability ratings were, in turn, strongly associated with high human use areas. Channel widening and bank erosion in the upper reach were due primarily to destruction of riparian vegetation by human trampling and the effect of bridge constrictions on high flow, and secondarily to poorly installed channel revetments. Several specific recommendations for river restoration were provided to park management.