长白山旅游资源开发的生态风险研究

<正>长白山自然保护区旅游开发现状长白山简介长白山旅游景区是中华十大名山之一,又作白头山,素有"千年积雪万年松,直上人间第一峰"的美誉,是东北第一高峰,号称"东北屋脊",其指位于吉林省东南部地区,东经127°40'-128°16',北纬41°35'-42°25'之间的地带,1980年列入联合国国际生物圈保护区。2007年5月8日,长白山景区经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。长白山旅游资源及开发现状     

云南大理苍山国家级自然保护区植物资源

<正>苍山,又名点苍山。位于云南省西部大理白族自治州境内,地跨2县1市(大理市、漾濞县、洱源县)。苍山野生植物资源、药用植物资源和珍稀濒危种类丰富,是国家自然资源宝库。从1981年苍山洱海被列为云南省级自然保护区到1994年苍山洱海列为国家级自然保护区,再到2006年,大理苍山被列入国家自然遗产名录,苍山的植物资源得到了初步的保护。本文将对近年发现的大理苍山自然保护区野生植物资源、珍稀濒危植物物种、经济植物     

逐一排查隐患 现场督导整改——长白山管委会安监局全力确保景区旅游安全

<正>近日,长白山管委会安监局分别对长白山旅游股份公司西景区加油站、长白山旅游股份有限公司西景区、长白山开发集团运营三部进行了深入排查,对发现的隐患当即组织整改,确保万无一失。针对长白山旅游股份公司西景区加油站刚刚建成,将要试运营的情况,该局组织专家对加油站设施和运营条件进行了细致检查。在长白山旅游股份有限公司西景区、长白山开发集团运营三部,检查组对安全生产职责、安全生     

“三三”工程点亮企业腾飞的耀眼光华——喜看吉煤集团通矿公司八宝煤业安全文化建设

令人瞩目的生态资源,无与伦比的自然景观,孕育了雄伟的长白山。红似晚霞的北国枫叶,浑然天成的奇特巨石,造就了秀美的江源城。吉煤集团通矿公司八宝煤业就坐落在长白山脚下江源区的八宝循环经济工业园区内。八宝煤业公司于2005年10月成立,由原通化矿务局砟子矿改制而来。矿区已探明煤炭地质储量12857万吨,设计年生产能力300万吨,曾先后获得吉林省和白山市五一劳动奖状、     

发挥专家业务所长 提升监管工作成效——长白山安监局聘任安全生产专家简记

<正>为提升长白山安全生产工作专业化、规范化水平,进一步提高监管监察效率和覆盖面,长白山安监局聘请了8名同志为长白山安全生产专家,并于11月28日举行了聘任仪式。在聘任仪式上,长白山安监局局长成荣江向8位专家颁发了聘书。他说,聘任安全生产专家对保证全区安全稳定具有重要意义。尤其是当下长白山正处于发展的重要时期,安全生产不容忽视。希望受聘专家能够在今后的安全     

关于长白山中华蜜蜂种群恢复研究

<正>引言长白山蜜蜂是长白山地区特有的蜜蜂,具有品质优良、极高的生物学价值以及经济价值。通过不断开发长白山蜜蜂资源,整合资源优势,能够源源不断地为社会提供优良的以蜂蜜为原料的高营养食品与药品。同时长白山地区处于高寒地带,生态体系较为脆弱,很多植物需要靠长白山蜜蜂来进行传粉受精,这对于保持长白山地     

天池脚下的拉力秀——2008年全国汽车拉力锦标赛长白山拉力赛

告别CRC漠河站，经过半个多月的等待，终于迎来了全国汽车拉力锦标赛长白山拉力赛。     

长白山管委会 举行地质灾害应急演练

正6月15日,由省安监局、长白山管委会共同主办的长白山北景区地质灾害应急演练举行。演练以长白山汛期为背景,地点设定在长白山北景区瀑布,该区域处于二道白河U型谷地带,一旦发生山体滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害,将会对人员生命安全造成极     

防患未然筑平安——长白山管委会安监局旅游安全工作一瞥

正有句著名的诗云"无限风光在险峰",长白山仿佛就是其最好的注解。因了休眠火山独特的地理构造,长白山峰峦叠嶂,森林浩瀚,苔原广袤,峡谷深幽,瀑布飞流,温泉涌动,更有世界上最大、最深、海拔最高,像璀璨的蓝宝石样的火山湖——天池,镶嵌在长白山山巅,当来自全球的游客登顶观赏世所罕见的绮丽风光时,当地的旅游安全工作又做得如何呢?带着疑问,记者在"苏力"台风光顾东北的当口,来到长白山保护区二道白河镇长白山管委会安监局一探究竟。"最近有点忙不开了,连续开会部署防汛工作,旅游高峰期,台风还来凑热闹。"8月22日下午2点多,一见面,长白山管委会池北区党委副书记、区长,管委会     

不辱使命 迎险而上——记吉林消防总队长白山消防支队山岳救援队

正一直以来,长白山以其独特的自然风光吸引着全世界的游客。每年,数以百万计的游客到访长白山。今年,长白山的旅游热度更是急剧攀升,仅6 月至8月,到长白山旅游的游客数量就达145.37万人次。但无限的自然风光里,也潜藏着意想不到的危险:长白山森林茂密、沟壑纵横,冬季大雪封山、暗沟隐匿、野兽出没。经常有不谙当地情况翻山越岭的驴友和不按规定路线观光的游客遇险。当生命岌岌可危之时,谁能来拯救他们?这,就要说到长白山脚下的一支子弟兵队伍。他们数十年如一日,守护着数万游客的生命;他们个个身手     

A review of quantitative risk assessment of onshore pipelines

This paper reviews and analyses frequency and consequences of failure of onshore pipelines transporting oil, refined products and natural gas. Generally accepted risk levels are indicated and a desirable risk range is proposed.Pipeline failure statistics from the United States (US), Canada, Europe and Brazil are compared. Failure rates for internal and external corrosion, human action and natural forces are analyzed and the expected failure rate for each failure mechanism is indicated. The effects of relevant construction and environmental factors on the failure frequency are studied and mean trends are obtained. Furthermore, the sizes of the holes indicated at different databases are compared and a typical distribution of failure sizes is proposed for each mode of failure. Finally, the frequency of ignition after a loss of containment is studied for gas and liquid pipelines.Historical data on consequences of the accidental loss of containment of onshore pipelines is reviewed. Property damage and environmental reparation costs are evaluated directly from pipeline failure data. Straightforward regression models are proposed to quantify these types of consequence taking into account the released fluid and the characteristics of the environment. Societal impact is evaluated by combining simple fire models, heat versus mortality correlations and population density.Finally, values for the desired risk level are evaluated by three methods: i) a risk value representing the good engineering practice; ii) the risk associated to the most relevant codes and regulations concerning pipeline risk assessment and/or construction and operation; iii) an analytically derived optimal risk level. The risk values obtained by the three methodologies are similar and a desirable risk range is proposed.     

武钢自备电厂烟气脱硫防腐方案探讨

介绍了FGD的腐蚀原理,并对国内外常见防腐材料合金钢、橡胶内衬和树脂磷片内衬进行了介绍.对FGD系统中的各个不同部位的防腐设计进行了说明,比较了几种方案的异同并提出了建议.     

企业安全文化评估与企业安全行为的质化研究

通过总结国内外各种不同的安全文化概念,归纳分析了国内外较为流行的近10种安全文化建立模式。在研讨文献的基础上,通过深入访谈、焦点小组与参与观察,归纳构造了一套共11个维度,总题项为152题的安全文化评估量表。通过对选定企业的实证问卷调查,进行统计分析,采用多元逐步回归分析等方法对安全文化各评核因素及整体安全文化进行预测,并以百分数呈现其整体的安全文化现状水平。通过基于扎根理论的各种质化研究方法,对案例企业的安全文化建设和企业安全行为进行研究,得到了7点关于企业安全行为的研究发现,并提出了相应的改进建议。     

排水管网设计中管材的选择

排水管网使用的各类排水管材种类繁多,性能差异较大.根据排水管材的材质、性能分析,对常用几种排水管材进行了技术经济比较.以实际工程为例,概述了不同施工条件和不同地质条件下排水管材的设计选择方法.     

电站锅炉的压力管道管理和检验要求分析

电站锅炉的压力管道参数较高,存在着较大的安全风险,一旦发生事故,后果往往十分严重。电站锅炉的压力管道在按照“锅炉”或“压力管道”进行管理时,设计、制造、安装等阶段管理要求存在交叉或不清晰的情况。进行定期检验时,又有按锅炉范围内管道或工业管道(含动力管道)执行不同技术规范的情况。本文通过按“锅炉”和“压力管道”管理时执行安全技术规范的重点内容和检验要求进行比对,分析主要差异,得出监督检验、定期检验中流程和重点环节的注意事项,有助于检验人员加强理解,从而更好地推动电站锅炉压力管道的检验工作。     

Determination and assessment of the characteristic values for the evaluation of the thermal safety of chemical processes

Experience gained in the chemical industry in testing and assessing the thermal safety of chemical processes is published in this paper. Isothermal and adiabatic tests, which are the most important methods for both small and large quantities, are described and discussed. Methods for testing the thermal hazards of primary or desired reactions are also included, e.g. reaction calorimetry, adiabatic methods, investigations using a sampling method. More important are the criteria for assessing the test results. On the basis of energies produced by primary and secondary reactions and the temperature ranges within which they take place, thermal hazards can be predicted. If the rules for the safe design of batch and semi-batch reactions are observed, it is possible to control the thermal behaviour of reactions.     

State of research on the automation of HAZOP studies

For more than 30 years, multiple research groups have worked on the automation of hazard and operability (HAZOP) studies, or more specifically on the hazard identification process. So far, very few of these approaches have been used in the chemical process industry. Automatic hazard identification is a knowledge-intensive process that demands high standards with regard to the way in which knowledge is stored and made available. There are various suitable approaches to the qualitative modeling of processes and plants, which are the foundation for reasoning systems that are used for the identification of hazards. Additionally, there are quantitative methods that are based on process simulations and can be used to identify potential hazards. The investigation of the state of research demonstrates that there are sophisticated technologies for automated systems that include powerful reasoning techniques. The benefits and shortcomings of existing technologies are discussed with regard to their industrial applicability. Often, the quality of the necessary specific and generic knowledge is not sufficient to detect potential hazardous events and operational malfunctions. Computer-aided HAZOP systems should be integrated with computer-aided design- or process simulation software using common data models based on the digital representation of the process plant. In order to be used by HAZOP practitioners automated systems need to be comprehensive, serve as specialized decision support systems, and be tested and evaluated using round robin tests.     

两种抗生素菌渣热解及燃烧特性对比研究

以华北某药厂链霉素、庆大霉素菌渣为原料,研究其资源化途径。通过工业和元素分析可知,两种菌渣C,O质量分数较高,H,N,S质量分数较低;链霉素菌渣中灰分和挥发分含量高于庆大霉素菌渣,而固定碳含量低于庆大霉素菌渣。通过热解实验可知,随热解温度升高,热解气产量增加,可凝结相和焦炭产量降低。热解气中H_2含量最高,庆大霉素菌渣热解时体积分数最高可达到57.6%,其次依次为CO_2,CO,CH_4等。两种热解气属于中热值气体,其低热值在10~15 MJ/m~3之间。链霉素和庆大霉素菌渣及其热解焦炭的热值分别为16.144,24.589,11.460,14.382 MJ/kg。     

石油储罐油气蒸发损耗的成因、危害及对策

油气蒸发威胁安全,蒸发的油蒸气易引发爆炸,从而导致油罐爆炸着火。油蒸气是气相烃类,属有毒物品,漂浮地面易致人窒息。油蒸气还易形成光化学烟雾的二次污染物。由于油蒸气的蒸发损耗,全世界每年散失于大气中的油气约为１×１０８吨,折合人民币２４００亿元。因其所蒸发的都是油料中的最轻组分且油气蒸发还严重影响成品油质量。笔者分析了油气蒸发损耗的危害、产生原因及各种影响因素,并提出了降低油气蒸发损耗的对策     

城市大气污染物浓度预测方法研究

城市大气污染物浓度预测方法主要有2类,即以污染物排放为基础的模型和以与污染相关的环境因素为基础的模型.本文分析了后者中的3种预测模型,并利用BP神经网络模型对城市的SO2浓度进行预测,对不同预测模型的结果进行比较分析.