江西浮梁葫芦尖锡矿地质特征及外围找矿前景分析

本文介绍了葫芦尖锡矿区区域地质背景、锡矿体的地质特征,系统阐述了地层、构造和岩浆岩地质特征。通过重点分析该矿区及外围地区的找矿前景,发现葫芦尖矿区构造蚀变岩带是重要的找矿标志,认为莲花山(潘村)——鄣公山地区成矿地质条件优越,锡多金属矿找矿潜力巨大,进一步在该地区进行锡多金属矿找矿、勘查工作都将对找矿突破产生积极的促进和指导作用。     

基于证据权法的安徽东溪金矿大比例尺成矿预测与评价

应用GIS技术结合地质、地球物理、地球化学等资料进行综合信息成矿预测是目前找矿的趋势。以霍山县东溪金矿及外围1∶10 000大比例尺地区为研究对象,在野外地质调查的基础上,结合空间位置统计结果和矿区成矿特征,利用GIS平台提取地质、地球物理、地球化学等多元地质找矿信息,建立矿区找矿预测模型。选择符合条件的独立预测因子作为证据图层,以5m×5m为网格单元,分析各证据图层与矿体空间分布关系。运用证据权法对矿区及外围进行成矿预测,通过图形方式直观表达成矿高概率的空间分布,对圈定的找矿靶区进行综合评述。研究区找矿靶区内地质、物探、化探找矿信息良好,各靶区内均有较好的金矿化信息。     

浙江庆元苍岱银多金属矿成矿模式探讨与找矿方向

作者通过对浙江庆元苍岱矿区成矿地质背景和矿床地质特征的分析,参照区域典型矿床的勘查研究成果,建立了适合本区的受中生代火山机构控制的火山-次火山热液型银铅锌多金属矿成矿模式,对指导矿区下一步找矿具有重要意义。通过深入研究,指出放弃浅部金银,主攻深部铅锌多金属的找矿思路。提出在物探、化探和地质高精度综合剖面测量基础上,采用钻探进行深部验证的工作方法,对于指导矿区及区域内火山岩覆盖区的矿产勘查具用重要意义。     

江西赣县区新发现牛角龙钨多金属矿床

<正>根据中国地质调查局总体部署,中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心在赣南地区实施了找矿扶贫工作,"南岭东段重要矿种成矿要素调查"项目组通过1∶5万矿产地质调查、大比例尺填图、地表槽探揭露和深部钻探验证等技术手段,在江西赣县区新发现了具有大型找矿远景的牛角龙钨多金属矿床,不仅实现了赣南找矿空白地区新突破,为赣南地区脱贫致富提供了新的钨矿资源基地,也为赣南及其他地区找矿勘查提供了成功示范和理论依据。初步调查发现,牛角龙钨多金属矿床为细脉带型钨多金属矿床。矿区出露的地层为寒武纪牛角河组,NE向背斜叠加NW向背斜形成的跨褶皱构成矿区主要构造格架,主要有SN向、NE向、NW向和EW向     

安徽宣城麻姑山——荞麦山地区铜多金属矿地质特征及找矿方向

安徽宣城麻姑山—荞麦山地区是长江中下游成矿带的重要组成部分,在该区已发现茶亭斑岩型铜金矿、荞麦山层控矽卡岩型铜硫钨多金属矿及魏墩热液充填型锌硫矿。通过总结近年来该地区地质勘查成果,结合区域地质背景和铜多金属矿地质特征,探讨该区铜多金属矿的矿化规律和找矿方向。该区重要控矿层位为石炭系黄龙组、船山组;重要控矿构造为次一级倒转背斜的倒转翼及泥盆系五通组与石炭系黄龙组、船山组接触面;与成矿有关的岩浆岩主要为燕山晚期花岗闪长斑岩。这些控矿因素可指明该区下一步找矿方向。     

江西九瑞地区铜金成矿的时空结构及演化

九瑞铜金多金属矿区是长江中下游成矿带的重要组成部分。近几年该区的深部铜金找矿工作取得重要进展,成矿研究从与斑岩有关的似层状矽卡岩型、斑岩型"三位一体"铜矿床模式进一步发展为铜钼叠合"多位一体"矿床模式。本区的成矿时空结构表现为:区域上受中石炭系黄龙组赋矿层位影响;垂深上存在多层分布结构,地表呈带状分带结构;成矿受"四带一面"制约。利用多种测年技术获得的九瑞矿集区内含矿岩浆岩锆石U-Pb年龄均介于140～146 Ma之间,成矿年龄在其稍后1～3 Ma。大规模成矿作用发生在中国东部由EW向构造向NE-NNE向构造彻底转换之际,形成于岩石圈大规模拆沉的构造背景。     

滇东北乐红铅锌矿床地质特征及找矿远景

乐红铅锌矿自20世纪50年代以来就有多家地勘单位先后进行过普查找矿,均以"层控"观点为指导没有进展而中途下马,90年代后期,云南第一地质大队以"构控"新思路开展新一轮找矿,获得突破性进展。在研究区域成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征及控矿地质因素的基础上,认为矿床为受断裂构造控制的热液充填交代型铅锌(银)矿床,并根据控矿断裂特征及成矿地质条件,指出乐红矿区及外围具有形成大型矿床的找矿远景,应该加强该区的地质找矿工作。     

陕西铜厂地区断裂构造地球化学及定位成矿预测

铜厂矿田是勉略阳“金三角”地区中重要的铜金多金属矿田。本文在深入研究铜厂矿田中铜厂地区断裂构造地球化学的基础上 ,认为构造地球化学异常集中区是进行铜金多金属矿预测的有利靶位 ,提出了新铜厂、黄泥梁、张家山、老铜厂等重点找矿靶区 ,其中部分靶区已证实     

福建皇山铅锌多金属矿地质特征及成矿标志

文章介绍了福建皇山铅锌矿矿区地层、构造和岩浆岩,通过对矿体地质特征的描述、岩浆岩化学成分组成特征及成矿条件分析,提出矿区找矿标志.     

安徽省休宁—歙县地区金多金属矿床找矿预测地质模型

与燕山期花岗岩有关的岩浆热液型金多金属矿床是皖南地区最重要的矿床类型。在对该区典型矿床研究的基础上,通过研究成矿地质体、成矿构造和成矿结构面、成矿作用特征等,按照三维二元结构特征构建安徽休宁—歙县地区金多金属矿床找矿预测地质模型。该模型表达了勘查区已知的和推测的矿床(体)地质特征,对勘查区乃至皖南地区金多金属矿的勘查具有理论指导和实际应用价值。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.