共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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To examine an appropriate recycling system for end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) from Japan in the context of Asia, an Asian international
automobile recycling input-output (AI-ARIO) analysis is presented. The AI-ARIO analysis spatially expands the existing ARIO
analysis within the framework of the waste input-output (WIO) analysis developed by Nakamura et al., which considers the interdependence
between the flow of goods and wastes in a country. This analysis focuses on the local and global cycles for ELVs in Asia and
can evaluate the environmental and economic effects of alternative recycling systems. We estimated the AI-ARIO table for Japan
and Thailand and applied it to scenario analyses covering the restriction of ELV trade between the two countries, the introduction
of new recycling techniques in Thailand, and centralized treatment in Japan. We verified the applicability and effectiveness
of the AI-ARIO analysis through the scenario analyses. 相似文献
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In this paper, we present a Web-based information system for pollution monitoring and analysis of Lake Ohrid. Our work is related to the ecological state of Lake Ohrid, which represents a rare natural ecosystem inhabited by many endemic and relict species. Aim of the study is to present the possibilities offered by the Web application, such as fast information access, support of distributed collaboration by information sharing instead of exchange, acquisition and analysis of pollutant data, database processing based on lake models, as well as GIS analysis. In this way, the data and the analysis are performed in one place and they are available to any user having only a Web browser. 相似文献
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Julie Clavreul Dominique Guyonnet Thomas H. Christensen 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(12):2482-2495
Uncertainty analysis in LCA studies has been subject to major progress over the last years. In the context of waste management, various methods have been implemented but a systematic method for uncertainty analysis of waste-LCA studies is lacking. The objective of this paper is (1) to present the sources of uncertainty specifically inherent to waste-LCA studies, (2) to select and apply several methods for uncertainty analysis and (3) to develop a general framework for quantitative uncertainty assessment of LCA of waste management systems. The suggested method is a sequence of four steps combining the selected methods: (Step 1) a sensitivity analysis evaluating the sensitivities of the results with respect to the input uncertainties, (Step 2) an uncertainty propagation providing appropriate tools for representing uncertainties and calculating the overall uncertainty of the model results, (Step 3) an uncertainty contribution analysis quantifying the contribution of each parameter uncertainty to the final uncertainty and (Step 4) as a new approach, a combined sensitivity analysis providing a visualisation of the shift in the ranking of different options due to variations of selected key parameters. This tiered approach optimises the resources available to LCA practitioners by only propagating the most influential uncertainties. 相似文献
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在构建福州经济技术开发区产业低碳化转型评价指标体系的基础上,运用主成分分析法与标准离差法进行模糊Borda组合评价的综合评价模型,对不同情景进行定量分析,提出福州经济技术开发区产业低碳化转型的重点调整部门和重点发展部门,为福州经济技术开发区的产业低碳化转型提供参考. 相似文献
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The former Nebraska Ordnance Plant site in east-central Nebraska was included on the National Priorities List because of explosives and trichloroethene contamination. The preferred groundwater remedy includes hydraulic containment of the contaminated groundwater and focused extraction of the more highly contaminated groundwater as components of the remedial action. The purpose of hydraulic containment is to stop the spread of contamination, while the more aggressive focused extraction will be used to speed up the remediation and reduce total cleanup costs. This case study illustrates how straightforward groundwater models were combined with uncertainty analysis to select a precise definition of the focused extraction areas. The purpose of the analysis was to reduce ultimate remediation costs, given the significant uncertainty associated with the estimated remediation times. The selected definition provides a basis for more sophisticated groundwater modeling, the goal of which was to locate extraction wells and define their flow rates. The batch flushing model provided the governing equations, and Monte Carlo analysis was used for the uncertainty analysis. All of the analysis was performed on a personal computer using commercially available software. 相似文献
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在分析电网电压波动、闪变的定义和各国对电压波动、闪变研究现状的基础上,介绍了几种测量和分析电压波动及闪变的设备及其对电压波动和闪变的测量和评估方法。 相似文献
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A general theory known as the waste reduction (WAR) algorithm has been developed to describe the flow and the generation of potential environmental impact through a chemical process. The theory defines indexes that characterize the generation and the output of potential environmental impact from a process. The existing theory has been extended to include the potential environmental impact of the energy consumed in a chemical process. Energy will have both an environmental impact as well as an economic impact on process design and analysis. Including energy into the analysis of environmental impact is done by re-writing the system boundaries to include the power plant which supplies the energy being consumed by the process and incorporating the environmental effects of the power plant into the analysis. The effect of this addition on the original potential impact indexes will be discussed. An extensive engineering economic evaluation has been included in the process analysis which inherently contains the cost of the consumed energy as an operating cost. A case study is presented which includes a base process design and two modifications to the base design. Each design is analyzed from an economic perspective and an environmental impact perspective. The environmental impact analysis is partitioned into the impacts of the non-product streams and the impacts of the energy generation/consumption process. The comparisons of these analysis procedures illustrate the consequences for decision making in the design of environmentally friendly processes. 相似文献
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G.L. Sivakumar Babu Sandeep Kumar Chouksey Krishna R. Reddy 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(10):2029-2034
In the analysis and design of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, there are many uncertainties associated with the properties of MSW during and after MSW placement. Several studies are performed involving different laboratory and field tests to understand the complex behavior and properties of MSW, and based on these studies, different models are proposed for the analysis of time dependent settlement response of MSW. For the analysis of MSW settlement, it is very important to account for the variability of model parameters that reflect different processes such as primary compression under loading, mechanical creep and biodegradation. In this paper, regression equations based on response surface method (RSM) are used to represent the complex behavior of MSW using a newly developed constitutive model. An approach to assess landfill capacities and develop landfill closure plans based on prediction of landfill settlements is proposed. The variability associated with model parameters relating to primary compression, mechanical creep and biodegradation are used to examine their influence on MSW settlement using reliability analysis framework and influence of various parameters on the settlement of MSW are estimated through sensitivity analysis. 相似文献
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Characterization of shredded television scrap and implications for materials recovery 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Characterization of TV scrap was carried out by using a variety of methods, such as chemical analysis, particle size and shape analysis, liberation degree analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, sink-float test, and IR spectrometry. A comparison of TV scrap, personal computer scrap, and printed circuit board scrap shows that the content of non-ferrous metals and precious metals in TV scrap is much lower than that in personal computer scrap or printed circuit board scrap. It is expected that recycling of TV scrap will not be cost-effective by utilizing conventional manual disassembly. The result of particle shape analysis indicates that the non-ferrous metal particles in TV scrap formed as a variety of shapes; it is much more heterogeneous than that of plastics and printed circuit boards. Furthermore, the separability of TV scrap using density-based techniques was evaluated by the sink-float test. The result demonstrates that a high recovery of copper could be obtained by using an effective gravity separation process. Identification of plastics shows that the major plastic in TV scrap is high impact polystyrene. Gravity separation of plastics may encounter some challenges in separation of plastics from TV scrap because of specific density variations. 相似文献
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The aim of this paper was to combine water pinch analysis and oxygen pinch analysis for more cost-effective wastewater treatment. Emphasis was placed on energy and resource saving. The variables that affect the cost of wastewater treatment are the quantity and the quality of the wastewater to be treated. The quantity of the wastewater to be treated was directly proportional to the treatment cost. The quality of the wastewater was inversely proportional to the treatment cost. It was found that the quantity of wastewater treated could be decreased by the application of water pinch analysis. This application also had a negative effect on the quality of the wastewater. The effect of the application of water pinch analysis decreased the quality of the wastewater being treated, hence increasing the treatment cost. This effect was negated by the application of a combined water–oxygen pinch analysis. The quality of the wastewater determined the amount of oxygen required. The oxygen pinch concept addresses this problem and in addition gives even more information about the health of the working micro-organisms. A 22.6% reduction in wastewater quantity was realised applying combination of both pinch concepts. A reduction of 23.44% in the oxygen requirement for the biodegradation of wastewater was achieved. An important feature of the combined water–oxygen pinch analysis is the balance obtained between the quantity of wastewater produced and the quality of this wastewater. 相似文献
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Integrating multi-criteria decision analysis for a GIS-based hazardous waste landfill sitting in Kurdistan Province, western Iran 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mozafar Sharifi Mosslem Hadidi Elahe Vessali Parasto Mosstafakhani Kamal Taheri Saber Shahoie Mehran Khodamoradpour 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(10):2740-2758
The evaluation of a hazardous waste disposal site is a complicated process because it requires data from diverse social and environmental fields. These data often involve processing of a significant amount of spatial information which can be used by GIS as an important tool for land use suitability analysis. This paper presents a multi-criteria decision analysis alongside with a geospatial analysis for the selection of hazardous waste landfill sites in Kurdistan Province, western Iran. The study employs a two-stage analysis to provide a spatial decision support system for hazardous waste management in a typically under developed region. The purpose of GIS was to perform an initial screening process to eliminate unsuitable land followed by utilization of a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to identify the most suitable sites using the information provided by the regional experts with reference to new chosen criteria. Using 21 exclusionary criteria, as input layers, masked maps were prepared. Creating various intermediate or analysis map layers a final overlay map was obtained representing areas for hazardous waste landfill sites. In order to evaluate different landfill sites produced by the overlaying a landfill suitability index system was developed representing cumulative effects of relative importance (weights) and suitability values of 14 non-exclusionary criteria including several criteria resulting from field observation. Using this suitability index 15 different sites were visited and based on the numerical evaluation provided by MCDA most suitable sites were determined. 相似文献
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Land use at contaminated sites, following remediation, is often needed for regional redevelopment. However, there exist few methods of developing economically and socially feasible land-use plans based on regional needs because of the wide variety of land-use requirements. This study proposes a new needs analysis method for the conceptual land-use planning of contaminated sites and illustrates this method with a case study of an illegal dumping site for hazardous waste. In this method, planning factors consisting of the land-use attributes and related facilities are extracted from the potential needs of the residents through a preliminary questionnaire. Using the extracted attributes of land use and the related facilities, land-use cases are designed for selection-based conjoint analysis. A second questionnaire for respondents to the first one who indicated an interest in participating in the second questionnaire is conducted for the conjoint analysis to determine the utility function and marginal cost of each attribute in order to prioritize the planning factors to develop a quantitative and economically and socially feasible land-use plan. Based on the results, site-specific land-use alternatives are developed and evaluated by the utility function obtained from the conjoint analysis. In this case study of an illegal dumping site for hazardous waste, the uses preferred as part of a conceptual land-use plan following remediation of the site were (1) agricultural land and a biogas plant designed to recover energy from biomass or (2) a park with a welfare facility and an athletic field. Our needs analysis method with conjoint analysis is applicable to the development of conceptual land-use planning for similar sites following remediation, particularly when added value is considered. 相似文献
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In order to license an underground radioactive waste repository, it is important to demonstrate regulatory compliance with authoritative regulations. Also it is evidence from NRC's criteria for waste package performance that a stochastic analysis is necessary to provide that these criteria can be met with confidence. The first-order reliability method is an attractive tool to the stochastic analysis and particularly useful when statistical information is incomplete, as is common for problems occurring in the subsurface environment. The method is based on using the first-order Taylor series expansion at a specific linearization point to calculate a measure of reliability. Results from a first-order reliability analysis include an estimate of the probability of exceeding a specified performance criteria and measures of the sensitivity of the stochastic solution to the changes in input random variables and their statistical moments. The method of stochastic analysis is illustrated by analyzing the canister corrosion in a radioactive waste package. 相似文献
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During the last decade, systems analysis has become a more frequently used tool in municipal waste management. This paper investigates how one such analysis, carried out in a Swedish county, was perceived by local municipal officers and politicians as support in the decision-making process. A questionnaire was sent to municipal officers and politicians in local government committees and municipal councils. The respondents considered the most important aspects in evaluating scenarios to be: possibilities for municipal co-operation to minimize cost and negative environmental influence; sound working conditions for refuse disposal personnel; low emissions of greenhouse gases; keeping household economy in mind; and using technologies that are known and reliable. Aspects of relatively low importance were the number of locally generated job opportunities, and minimizing work efforts for the households. The study also showed differences between male and female respondents and between politicians and municipal officers, on how scenarios were valued and on which aspects of the systems analysis were of greatest importance for this valuation. Respondents, on average, were satisfied with the systems analysis, and its usefulness as a decision-support tool. However, more work should be carried out to explain and present the results of the systems analysis to further improve its usefulness. 相似文献
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The issue of municipal solid waste (MSW) management has been highlighted in China due to the continually increasing MSW volumes being generated and the limited capacity of waste treatment facilities. This article presents a quantitative eco-efficiency (E/E) analysis on MSW management in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation. A methodology for E/E analysis has been proposed, with an emphasis on the consistent integration of life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC). The environmental and economic impacts derived from LCA and LCC have been normalized and defined as a quantitative E/E indicator. The proposed method was applied in a case study of Tianjin, China. The study assessed the current MSW management system, as well as a set of alternative scenarios, to investigate trade-offs between economy and GHG emissions mitigation. Additionally, contribution analysis was conducted on both LCA and LCC to identify key issues driving environmental and economic impacts. The results show that the current Tianjin’s MSW management system emits the highest GHG and costs the least, whereas the situation reverses in the integrated scenario. The key issues identified by the contribution analysis show no linear relationship between the global warming impact and the cost impact in MSW management system. The landfill gas utilization scenario is indicated as a potential optimum scenario by the proposed E/E analysis, given the characteristics of MSW, technology levels, and chosen methodologies. The E/E analysis provides an attractive direction towards sustainable waste management, though some questions with respect to uncertainty need to be discussed further. 相似文献