江苏沿海风能资源禀赋与开发利用研究

江苏沿海地区拥有丰富的风能资源,开发前景十分广阔,尤其是中部、南部地区拥有广阔的沿海滩涂和辐射沙洲,建设沿海风电场的条件优越,是打造江苏"海上三峡"新能源基地的希望所在。阐述了江苏沿海风能资源开发的重要意义,分析了沿海风能资源的禀赋与时空分布特点,指出江苏沿海岸区风能资源丰富,且沿海滩涂宽广,是建立大型风力发电场的理想之地,在此基础上提出发展江苏沿海绿色能源基地的构想。     

新疆达坂城风力发电基地

新疆是中国风能资源最丰富的省区之一。我国越来越多的能源企业把目光投向风能资源的开发与利用，新疆作为我国风力资源最丰富、较早开发风能的地区之一，正在成为我国风能开发的热点。     

风能资源开发利用的社会需要和发展前景

开发风能资源、利能风力发电在我国虽然只有数十年，但发展却很快。作为可再生的清洁能源越来越受到重视。不仅有巨大的环保意义，也有突出的经济效益。本文从风能利用的意义和社会需要展开论证，结合我国风能资源利用的概况，特别是结合风电装机最多的新疆的实际情况进行估算，从多侧面论述了风能资源的开发利用问题。     

我国风电产业发展前景良好

我国风能资源丰富，开发潜力巨大。我国风电产业的发展始于上世纪80年代，经过20多年的发展，风电产业已形成了一定规模。到2005年底，全国共有59个风电场，分布在15个省（市、区），累计安装风电机组1854台，总装机容量126万千瓦，仅2005年就建成了50万千瓦。在国家风电设备国产化政策的有力推动下，风电设备零部件制造水平也有了较大提高，具备了齿轮箱、叶片、电机等关键零部件的制造能力，风电设备零部件已开始进入国际市场。     

中国风能利用现状、制约因素及未来发展

随着化石能源的不断消耗和对全球环境状况的日益关注,风能的开发利用引起了世界各国的重视.中国的风能资源丰富,目前中国风电技术的开发利用取得了巨大进步,风电发电量、装机容量和风电场数量位居世界前列.但中国的风能资源开发利用仍然存在诸多问题,如风电的并网消纳难、电力市场不完善、相关配套法规不健全和风机制造技术基础薄弱等,这些制约因素严重阻碍了我国风电的可持续发展,必须采取相关对策加以解决.     

对我国沿海风能资源开发利用的思考

我国沿海地区具有丰富的风能资源，开发前景十分广阔，是打造“海上三峡”新能源基地的希望所在。分析了沿海风能资源的察赋，指出了我国沿海岸区是建立大型风力发电场的理想之地，在此基础上提出发展我国沿海绿色能源基地的构想。     

安徽首座风电场探访

正2011年1月6日,对于我国风电行业来说,是一个振奋人心的日子。因为就在这一天,中国国电安徽龙源来安风电场正式并网发电。来安风电场是国内第一个风速低于6米/秒的低风速风力发电项目,也是安徽省首座风电场,其投运实现了安徽省风力发电从无到有的历史性跨越。神奇的风电早在2009年,滁州市来安县政府就与国电龙源电力集团签订了《来安县30万千瓦风能发电项目合作协议书》。协     

风电长远可能占中国总电量的10%——电网是当前风电发展的瓶颈

2008年,中国新增风电装机容量居世界第二;累计装机容量居世界第四。国内企业已基本掌握兆瓦级风电机组制造技术,制造商多个梯队迅速成长,形成了市场竞争格局。对于目前的瓶颈——电网,迫切需要建立有效的激励机制,使电网企业主动接受风电上网。根据风能资源和能够建设风电场的土地面积,远期风电可能占到中国总电量的10%。     

浅谈新疆风电场水土保持措施配置——以新疆华电小草湖风电场二场一期工程为例

风能作为一种清洁无污染的可再生能源，已经被广泛运用到电力事业的发展中来。近年来，新疆的风力发电发展迅速，风电场建设过程中不可避免地会对土壤及植被造成一定的破坏，人为地加剧了水土流失。概述了风电项目水土流失特点，以新疆华电小草湖风电场工程为例，结合项目区具体特点，分区设置防治措施。通过工程措施、植物措施与临时措施的有机结合，有效地防止水土流失。     

区域相对资源承载力与可持续发展问题探讨——以济南长清区为例

以相对资源承载力的研究思路和方法，分别选取山东省和济南市作为参照区域，计算了1996-2003年长清区相对土地资源承载力、相对经济资源承载力和综合资源承载力及其动态变化过程。结果表明，该地区对自然资源的利用不够合理，经济发展缓慢；相对土地资源承载力和相对经济资源承载力不协调发展是其实现可持续发展面临的主要问题之一。     

Location wise comparison of mixture distributions for assessment of wind power potential: A parametric study

Scientific literature discussed various types of mixture models and models derived from maximum entropy principle using short-term wind speed data for their relative assessment. The literature on suitability of these mixture models for long-term data is rarely available. However, for correct assessment of wind power potential both wind speed and wind direction are equally important. Therefore, in this paper, both wind speed and wind direction are simultaneously analyzed using several types of mixture distribution and compared the same with conventional Weibull distribution. For wind speed and wind power density assessment, the mixture distributions such as Weibull--Weibull distribution, Gamma--Weibull distribution, Truncated Normal--Weibull distribution, Truncated Normal--Normal distribution, proposed Truncated Normal--Gamma distribution and Gamma--Gamma distribution along with MEP-distribution are compared with conventional 2-parameter Weibull distribution. Similarly, for wind direction analysis, the finite mixtures of von-Mises distribution are compared with conventional von-Mises distribution. Judgment criteria include R², RMSE, Kolmogorov--Smirnov test and relative percentage error in wind power density. The sites selected are the three onshore locations of India, viz., Calcutta, Trivandrum, and Ahmedabad. The results show that for wind speed assessment, mixture distribution performs better than the conventional Weibull distribution for analyzing wind power density. However, location wise comparison of all mixture distribution is of prime importance. For wind direction analysis, finite mixture of two von-Mises distributions proved to be a suitable candidate for Indian climatology.     

Best location of the small wind turbine around a single high-rise building

This research is a three-dimensional investigation about the aerodynamic interaction between the wind flow and a single high-rise building. In order to find location(s) with high potential of velocity around the building, a wide variety of wind speeds ranging from 2 to 10 m/s is studied. On the other hand, a high-rise building with the ratio of height to width of H/W = 3 is considered. Computations are performed numerically by means of the finite volume approach. Several results are obtained in the present numerical study. For example, it is found that due to wind-structure vertical interaction, locations with enhanced velocities are developed on the building roof in which the rate of this enhancement increases with increasing the wind speed. In addition, over the building, “lines C and D” are realized as the best locations having high power potentials and low turbulence intensities. In addition, lateral wind-structure interaction revealed that for all wind speeds, location of L/W = 0.5 is the best for the small wind turbine installation.     

Performance evaluation of a horizontal axis wind turbine in operation

The operation of modern horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) includes a number of important factors, such as wind power (P), power coefficient (C_P), axial flow induction factor (a), rotational speed (Ω), tip speed ratio (λ), and thrust force (T). The aerodynamic qualities of these aspects are evaluated and discussed in this study. For this aim, the measured data are obtained from the Sebenoba Wind Energy Power Plant (WEPP) that is located in the Sebenoba region in Hatay, Turkey, and a wind turbine with a capacity of 2 MW is selected for evaluation. According to the results obtained, the maximum turbine power output, maximum power coefficient, maximum axial flow induction factor, maximum thrust force, optimum rotational speed, probability density of optimum rotational speed, and optimum tip speed ratio are found to be 2 MW, 30%, 0.091, 140 kN, 16.11 rpm, 46.76%, and 7, respectively. This study has revealed that wind turbines must work under optimum conditions in order to extract as much energy as possible for approaching the ideal limit.     

Wind power potential assessment for three buoys data collection stations in the Ionian Sea using Weibull distribution function

The present article utilizes wind measurements from three buoys data collection stations in Ionian Sea to study the wind speed and power characteristics using the Weibull shape and scale parameters. Specifically, the site dependent, annual, and monthly mean patterns of mean wind speed, Weibull parameters, frequency distribution, most probable wind speed, maximum energy carrying wind speed, wind power density and wind energy density characteristics have been analyzed. The Weibull distribution was found to represent the wind speed distribution with more than 90% accuracy, in most of the cases. Moreover, the correlation between the percentages of times the wind speed was above cut-in-speed and the measured mean wind speed for the three selected sites, as the correlation between the aforementioned percentages and the scale parameter c were examined and were found linear. At all these sites, no definite increasing or decreasing trends in annual mean wind speed values could be detective over the data reporting period. The mean values of wind speed, scale parameter, most probable wind speed, maximum energy carrying wind speed, wind power and wind energy density values showed higher values during winter time and lower in summer time in Pylos and Zakynthos. Moreover, Pylos and Zakynthos were found to be the best sites from wind power harnessing point of view.     

成都市温江边界层风场特征的研究

着眼于成都地区污染气象特征,利用温江2004年~2012年的地面观测资料及同期的探空资料,对该地区风场的统计特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)从风频而言,温江地面风春、夏、秋3季均以偏北风为主,冬季则以东北风为主,因此,全年的主导风为偏北风。(2)从风速而言,区域静风和小风频率较高,占全年的68.7%;近10年来,温江年和4季的平均风速均呈现出减小趋势。(3)基于修正的帕斯奎尔稳定度分级法,利用幂指数律公式拟合了风随高度的变化,发现风廓线指数比国标值偏高,并随稳定度的增加而增大。(4)风速、稳定度联合频率的大值区主要出现在风速小于3m/s、稳定度为D~E类。上述研究成果对区域大气环境规划和工程治理具有重要的参考价值。     

新疆“三十里风区”输电线路复合绝缘子故障分析

复合绝缘子是超高压输电线路中的关键设备之一,确保其可靠运行是维护电网安全的前提。新疆乌鲁木齐至吐鲁番750kV输电线路途径"三十里风区",当地10米高度处最高设计风速为42m/s,这对复合绝缘子的长期运行是一个巨大挑战。强风下的绝缘子伞裙摆动导致其根部材料疲劳,进一步产生微观裂纹,最终导致绝缘子撕裂故障。本文通过气候环境调研,分析了当地气候环境特征;通过故障分析,初步探明乐儿复合绝缘子伞裙撕裂过程;通过风洞实验研究,得到了伞裙在流体中的动态现象。通过以上分析,对于这项特殊微气候环境下的外绝缘典型故障,本研究探明强风下伞裙动态过程,并在伞裙故障产生原因方面进行一定探索,为最终解决该问题提供了有力的技术参考。     

The effects of sinusoidal leading edge of turbine blades on the power coefficient of horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT)

In order to improve the aerodynamic performance of horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT), a sinusoidal shape is applied to turbine blade. In this study, four types of modified blades were chosen based on variations in amplitude and wavelength of protuberance along the leading edge. Compared with the baseline model, the power coefficients (C_p) of HAWT with modified blades were improved, especially at low tip speed ratios. At low wind speed (V = 6 m/s), blades with short wavelength obtain significant improvement in C_p compared with the baseline model. As wind speed increases, this improvement decreases. In addition, turbine blade with large amplitude and long wavelength obtains better C_p values at higher wind speeds than lower ones, which have a great potential to be more superior at relatively higher wind speeds.     

A Weibull and finite mixture of the von Mises distribution for wind analysis in Mersing,Malaysia

Studies of wind direction receive less attention than that of wind speed; however, wind direction affects daily activities such as shipping, the use of bridges, and construction. This research aims to study the effect of wind direction on generating wind power. A finite mixture model of the von Mises distribution and Weibull distribution are used in this paper to represent wind direction and wind speed data, respectively, for Mersing (Malaysia). The suitability of the distribution is examined by the R² determination coefficient. The energy analysis, that is, wind power density, only involves the wind speed, but the wind direction is vital in measuring the dominant direction of wind so that the sensor could optimize wind capture. The result reveals that the estimated wind power density is between 18.2 and 25 W/m², and SSW is the most common wind direction for this data.     

Wind energy potential assessment and techno-economic performance of wind turbines in coastal sites of Buenos Aires province,Argentina

An assessment of wind energy potential was carried out in five sites (four onshore and one offshore) in South-West (SW) of Buenos Aires province (Argentina). We use high-resolution wind data (2 and 5 min) for the period 2009–2012. The power law was used to estimate the wind speed at 30, 40, and 60 m height from the anemometer position. Turbulence intensity and wind direction were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted using two-parameter Weibull distribution. A techno-economic analysis based on a set of commercial wind turbines was performed in those sites. The results derived from this work indicate that the SW of Buenos Aires province represents a promising area for the wind energy extraction, which would encourage the construction of wind farms for electricity generation.     

关于加强城市风环境规划研究的思考

城市风环境规划对于城市建设具有十分重要的意义,但在我国关注度还相对较低,为城市环境规划留有"隐患"。开展风环境规划研究,合理规划城市风环境,建立城市通风廊道,是城市规划的有益创新,也是践行习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的具体体现。本文梳理和总结了部分发达国家和地区城市风环境研究与技术发展状况,结合我国城市风环境规划研究和管理现状,从推动我国城市风环境规划的角度给出了若干建议。