H_3PW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2可见光下光催化降解孔雀石绿的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2光催化剂,然后浸渍法制备出H3PW12O40/TiO2复合型光催化剂,并运用XRD、SEM、FT-IR和DRS对催化剂进行表征和分析.研究了可见光光照下H3PW12O40/TiO2对孔雀石绿降解的光催化活性,考察了浸渍量、催化剂用量、底物浓度、pH值对光催化降解率的影响.实验表明,在pH=5条件下,H3PW12O40/TiO2催化剂用量为0.3g.L-1,浓度为10mg·mL-1的孔雀石绿溶液在2L·min-1曝气、300W可见光下光照4h后光催化降解率为78%,比TiO2光催化活性提高了24%.     

微波辅助光催化降解水中苯酚

利用改装的家用微波炉、微波无电极灯(EDLs)和TiO₂催化剂研究了水溶液中苯酚的光催化降解效果.结果表明,反应30 min,微波辅助光催化(MAPC)能去除92%的苯酚,溶液总有机碳(TOC)减少84%.MAPC的最佳反应条件为:苯酚初始浓度10 mg/L,微波功率900 W,反应液体积50 mL,EDLs-3,催化剂用量1～4 g/L,循环态流速15 mL/min.MAPC处理含酚废水具有较好的应用潜能.     

LED联合玻璃纤维光催化填料对苯酚的降解研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用浸渍提拉法制备了负载TiO₂的玻璃纤维光催化填料,考察溶液初始pH值、苯酚初始浓度、UV-LED消耗功率以及曝气强度对光催化降解效果的影响.结果表明,在溶液pH=3、苯酚初始浓度为10mg/L、UV-LED输出功率为2.968W,曝气强度为1.8L/min时,光催化反应装置对苯酚的降解率可达97.05%,降解过程遵循准一级反应动力学.此外,该反应装置的能耗较低,催化剂负载的牢固性较好.     

磷钨酸光催化降解直接大红4BE溶液的研究

以磷钨酸(PW12)为催化剂,对偶氮染料直接大红4BE进行均相光催化降解,考察了PW12用量、染料初始浓度对反应的影响,并对反应机理进行了探讨.结果表明,PW12能够有效光催化降解直接大红4BE.PW12用量￡600mg/L时,直接大红4BE的降解随PW12用量的增加明显加快, 光解过程符合表观一级反应动力学.当pH2.0、直接大红4BE初始浓度为50mg/L、PW12用量为600mg/L时,其光催化降解效果最佳, 对应的一级表观反应速率常数k为0.1164min-1.直接大红4BE初始浓度在50~150mg/L范围内,PW12对其光催化降解速率随染料浓度的增加而减小.结合直接大红4BE的循环伏安图,以及不同实验条件下PW12光催化直接大红4BE的UV-vis光谱图,进行的机理探讨结果表明,实验条件下,直接大红4BE的PW12光催化脱色过程是?OH氧化, PW12*–直接大红4BE复合物内的电子转移,以及杂多蓝PW12(e-)还原共同作用的结果,其中×OH氧化脱色起主导地位.     

负载型活性炭/TiO2光催化降解苯酚的研究

在温和条件下(75℃和常压),通过在酸性水溶液中水解钛酸四丁酯并回流提高其结晶度,制备了锐钛矿型的TiO2.将此TiO2负载于粉末活性炭上,并用之来降解模拟废水苯酚.实验结果表明,该负载型催化剂的光催化效果要优于纯TiO2以及P25 TiO2加活性炭的混合体系.0.58g负载型催化剂降解0.4L浓度为100mg·L-1的苯酚溶液,经18W紫外灯光照6h后溶液中的苯酚去除率达到98%.同时,载体活性炭上吸附的苯酚量也随着光照时间逐渐减少,6h后残留的量仅为初始值的3.5%.     

磷钨酸光催化降解甲基橙溶液的研究

以磷钨酸为光催化剂,在紫外灯照射下,对模拟染料废水甲基橙溶液进行光催化降解反应;研究了催化剂加入量、甲基橙初始质量浓度、外加TiO2和氧化剂H2O2、KIO4对甲基橙溶液光催化脱色效果的影响。结果表明:100mL20mg/L甲基橙溶液光催化剂最佳用量80m g;在较低浓度下,甲基橙溶液的光催化降解反应符合一级动力学方程;在特定条件下,(TiO2+H3PW12O40)/UV、(H2O2+H3PW12O40)/UV和(KIO4+H3PW12O40)/UV光催化体系对甲基橙溶液光催化脱色效果优于H3PW12O40/UV光催化体系。     

纳米磁铁矿/生物质炭催化对Fenton氧化降解苯酚的增强机理

以生物质炭负载纳米磁铁矿(nMBC)作为催化剂,采用非均相Fenton反应体系对模拟苯酚废水进行氧化降解处理研究,确定n MBC—Fenton法处理苯酚废水的最佳工艺条件,并揭示其强化机理。实验结果表明:对于质量浓度为50 mg/L的苯酚废水,其最佳降解条件为温度为45℃,pH为3.0,H_2O_2浓度为5 mmol/L,nMBC用量为2.0 g/L。反应进行20 min后,苯酚去除率可达约100%。nMBC剂量、废水初始pH和温度等因素均对处理效果有较大影响,其中pH决定苯酚去除率,而nMBC剂量是影响降解速率的主要因素。此外,nMBC—Fenton法催化氧化降解苯酚过程符合准一级动力学反应(R~2>0.97)。     

磷钨酸/凹凸棒石复合催化剂光催化降解苯

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了凹凸棒石负载磷钨酸复合催化剂,利用XRD、SEM、BET对其进行表征,并探讨了该催化剂对气相苯的降解情况。考察了苯的初始浓度、光照时间以及外界气体对苯降解的影响。研究结果表明,PW/ATP复合催化剂具有良好的光催化活性,当PW/ATP复合催化剂用量为1 g,254 nm紫外光辐射4 h后对初始浓度为265.50 mg/m~3的苯的降解率可达到68.4%。PW/ATP复合催化剂对苯的降解过程中,凹凸棒石主要是为苯提供大量的吸附位点,主要降解机理是磷钨酸电子-空穴对的生成和生成具有氧化性的自由基。     

负载型纳米TiO2/AC对偶氮染料的光催化降解研究

以钛酸四丁酯和粒状活性炭(AC)为主要原料,采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法制备出负载型纳米TiO2/AC催化剂.在流化床反应器中分别对2种典型的偶氮类染料橙黄G、活性艳红X-3B模拟废水进行了光催化降解研究,探讨了pH值、外加氧化剂对光催化降解率的影响,并对催化剂进行了回收再生利用试验.结果表明,TiO2/AC催化剂具有良好的光催化活性、吸附特性及可再生性,60 min后对2种染料反应的光催化降解率分别可达到99.71%和97 12%,反应180 min后的TOC去除率分别达到81.54%和81.99%;反应后TiO2/AC催化剂回收率大于95%,经焙烧再生后对橙黄G反应60 min的光催化降解率仍高达95.93%.     

光催化剂Bi3.84W0.16O6.24在模拟太阳光下对双酚A的降解

采用水热合成法在pH12的条件下合成圆片状Bi3.84W0.16O6.24催化剂.通过XRD、FESEM、TEM、UV-vis漫反射等表征分析Bi3.84W0.16O6.24的物相、形貌和吸光性能.以双酚A(BPA)为目标污染物,研究了Bi3.84W0.16O6.24在模拟太阳光辐射下的光催化反应活性.设计L18(37)正交试验研究了BPA初始浓度、催化剂投入量、反应溶液pH值以及光催化反应时间对Bi3.84W0.16O6.24光催化降解BPA的影响.正交试验的极差和方差分析结果表明,BPA初始浓度和反应时间影响非常显著,催化剂用量影响显著,反应溶液pH值影响不显著,初始浓度和催化剂量的交互作用很小.在BPA初始浓度为20mg/L、催化剂量2g/L、反应溶液pH7、反应时间为90min的条件下Bi3.84W0.16O6.24对BPA去除率达99.5%,TOC去除率为86.0%,BPA的降解符合一级反应动力学.     

磁性微球负载光催化剂的吸附特性研究

在TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4物化特性的研究中,通过测定方法的改进首次获得光照反应阶段TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4吸附量与溶液残余量间的定量关系(以苯酚为例,结果表明:在光照及无光照条件下TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4遵循不同的吸附规律,以后者取代前者存在明显缺陷;揭示了凝聚现象是导致TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4光活性降低的主要原因。     

Treatment of phenol wastewater by microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 catalytic oxidation process

The catalyst of CuOx/Al2O3 was prepared by the dipping-sedimentation method using γ-Al2O3 as a carrier. CuO and Cu2O were loaded on the surface of γ-Al2O3, characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the presence of CuOx/Al2O3, the microwave-induced chlorine dioxide (ClO2) catalytic oxidation process was conducted for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing 100 mg/L phenol. The relationships between removal percentage and initial ClO2 concentration, catalyst dosage, microwave power, contact time, initial phenol concentration and pH were investigated and the results showed that microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 process could effectively degrade contaminants in a short reaction time with a low oxidant dosage, extensive pH range. Under a given condition (ClO2 concentration 80 mg/L, microwave power 50 W, contact time 5 min, catalyst dosage 50 g/L, pH 9), phenol removal percentage approached 92.24%, corresponding to 79.13% of CODCr removal. The removal of phenol by microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 catalytic oxidation process was a complicated non-homogeneous solid/water reaction, which fitted pseudo-first-order by kinetics. Compared with traditional ClO2 oxidation, ClO2 catalytic oxidation and microwave-induced ClO2 oxidation, microwave-induced ClO2 catalytic oxidation system could significantly enhance the degradation efficiency. It provides an effective technology for the removal of phenol wastewater.     

鸭绿江口潮滩沉积物间隙水中的营养盐

通过对鸭绿江口潮滩区2个采样点采集的柱状样分析、培养实验,测定了沉积物间隙水中的营养盐和沉积物中的S^2-结果表明,鸭绿江口潮滩区沉积物间隙水中的NO₃^-含量平均值为3.0μmol/L,垂直分布变化不大.PO₄^3-和SiO₃^2-的含量范围分别为0.8～70.4μmol/L,111.6～1054.3μmol/L,且两者垂直变化类似,随沉积物深度的增加先增加后下降.沉积物中硫化物的分布是随深度增加,含量升高.鸭绿江口潮滩区沉积物Eh、pH的测定结果显示,在13cm以下,Eh降为负值,沉积物还原性逐渐增强.而pH自上而下变化不大.由分子扩散公式计算结果表明,鸭绿江口潮滩区营养盐均由沉积物向上覆水扩散.     

H2O2引发的UV/Fenton苯酚光催化降解

研究了H2O2引发光催化降解方法对废水中微量苯酚的去除效果,应用传感技术分析了降解过程中H2O2浓度变化,及其H2O2引发光催化降解苯酚的机理,考察了影响苯酚光催化降解的因素,确定了最佳降解试验条件为:H2O2 0.075~0.30mmol/L,Fe3+ 0.1~0.15mmol/L,pH值 4~5.在此条件下,苯酚初始浓度为50mg/L的含酚废水反应2h,苯酚降解率达到95%,矿化去除率达77%.     

Degradation of phenol in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at ambient temperature

IntroductionPhenolistherawmaterialforthecommercialproductionofawidevarietyofresins ,includingphenolicresinsasconstructionmaterialsforautomobilesandappliances,expoxyresinsasadhesives ,andpolyamideforvariousapplications.Inaddition ,phenolsareoftenfoundinwas…     

Degradation of phenol in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperatureKE

A synthetic wastewater containing phenol as sole substrate was treated in a 2.8 L upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperature. The operation conditions and phenol removal efficiency were discussed, microbial population in the UASB sludge was identified based on DNA cloning, and pathway of anaerobic phenol degradation was proposed. Phenol in wastewater was degraded in an UASB reactor at loading rate up to 18 gCOD/(L·d), With a 1:1 recycle ratio, at 26(1℃, pH 7.0-7.5. An UASB reactor was able to remove 99% of phenol up to 1226 mg/L in wastewater with 24 h of hydraulic retention time(HRT). For HRT below 24 h, phenol degradation efficiency decreased with HRT, from 95.4% at 16 h to 93.8% at 12 h. It further deteriorated to 88.5% when HRT reached 8 h. When the concentration of influent phenol of the reactor was 1260 mg/L(corresponding COD 3000 mg/L), with the HRT decreasing(from 40 h to 4 h, corresponding COD loading increasing), the biomass yields tended to increase from 0.265 to 3.08 g/(L·d). While at 12 h of HRT, the biomass yield was lower. When HRT was 12 h, the methane yield was 0.308 L/(gCOD removed), which was the highest. Throughout the study, phenol was the sole organic substrate. The effluent contained only residual phenol without any detectable intermediates, such as benzoate, 4-hydrobenzoate or volatile fatty acids(VFAs). Based on DNA cloning analysis, the sludge was composed of five groups of microorganisms. Desulfotomaculum and Clostridium were likely responsible for the conversion of phenol to benzoate, which was further degraded by Syntrophus to acetate and H2/CO2. Methanogens lastly converted acetate and H2/CO2 to methane. The role of epsilon-Proteobacteria was, however, unsure.     

催化剂Ru/ZrO2-CeO2催化湿式氧化苯酚

催化剂Ru/ZrO₂-CeO₂催化湿式氧化苯酚的过程表明,Ru/ZrO₂-CeO₂可以显著提高COD和苯酚去除效果,当反应温度为170℃,压力为3 MPa,反应120 min后,COD和苯酚的去除率分别达到了99％和100％.试验还考察了不同反应条件对苯酚溶液COD去除的影响,并获得了最优的反应条件：温度为170℃,压力为3 MPa,催化剂的投加量为5　g/Ｌ,搅拌速度为500 r/min.通过对中间产物的分析,本研究提出了催化湿式氧化苯酚的简单路径图,认为苯酚首先被氧化成小分子有机酸,接着小分子有机酸被氧化成二氧化碳和水.前一个过程是快速反应,后一个过程中的乙酸氧化是慢速过程,需要在高温下才能完成.乙酸的氧化主要是自由基攻击α碳上的C—H键,先生成甲酸,并最终生成二氧化碳和水.