填埋期模拟准好氧填埋场的渗滤液水质特征

采用室内试验，模拟填埋期回灌型准好氧填埋场垃圾渗滤液水质变化特征。结果显示，新鲜垃圾的定期填入使渗滤波水质产生明显波动，其主要水质指标（COD、NH3-N等）不存在如非填埋期渗滤液水质指标持续下降的变化规律，表明即使对于回灌型准好氧填埋场，当其已填埋垃圾规模较小时，其处理渗滤液的能力和抵御新填入垃圾干扰的能力均是十分有限的。本研究有助于填埋期垃圾渗滤液的合理回灌。     

准好氧填埋早期渗滤液特征浅析

本文基于室内垃圾模拟柱试验，分析了准好氧填埋早期垃圾渗滤液的产生过程及垃圾降解的机理，得出了启动期内垃圾渗滤液产量的变化趋势，总结出准好氧结构的部分优点，并针对早期准好氧渗滤液产量的特点作了相应的讨论。     

城市垃圾渗滤液场内循环处理的探讨

本文对城市垃圾渗滤液的产生量、水质特征及其影响因素进行了分析，介绍了当前国内外垃圾渗滤水场内循环处理的两大研究流派-以欧美国家为主的生物反应器填埋技术和以日本为主的循环式准好氧填埋技术。根据我国城市垃圾有机物含量高的特点，提出了适合我国国情的、将准好氧填埋技术与生物反应器填埋技术特点相结合的城市垃圾填埋场渗波液场内循环处理的设计思路。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液回灌技术研究

垃圾填埋场会产生大量的垃圾渗滤波,垃圾渗滤液回灌可以利用填埋场内微生物加速分解其中的有机物,同时可以利用回灌控制填埋场的含水量,促进填埋场的稳定.本文概括了渗滤液回灌处理的理论基础、工艺流程,分析了回灌技术的影响因素,并对表面回灌和地下回灌方式进行了比较,指出了推广应用垃圾渗滤液回灌处理技术需要解决的几点问题.     

垃圾渗滤液生化物化综合处理技术

正由中钢集团武汉安全环保研究院有限公司开发的垃圾渗滤液生化物化综合处理技术,适用于垃圾填埋场、焚烧厂渗滤液处理。主要技术内容一、基本原理针对垃圾渗滤液水质情况,采用"预处理+生物处理+深度处理组合工艺"。经收集的垃圾渗滤液先采用混凝沉淀、氨吹脱(氨浓度高的填埋场渗滤液)等方式,去除其中大量污染物及高浓度的氨,同时调节水质的pH值等参数使其符合后续生化处理。预处理后的渗滤液经厌氧、好氧生物处理,进一步去除COD、BOD、SS、氨氮     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液组合处理技术

正由沈阳光大环保科技有限公司开发的垃圾填埋场渗滤液组合处理技术,适用于生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理。主要技术内容一、基本原理主体工艺为"预处理+反硝化+好氧生化(硝化)+膜法"处理。渗滤液废水收集排入调节池,经预处理后进入高效A池,由后续TMBR分离系统回流的活性污泥在缺氧条件下发生反硝化反应;反硝化池出水重力流入好氧硝化池内,利用活性污泥将碳源有机物降解,将污水中的氨氮氧化成亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐,使氨氮得到降解。     

厌氧-准好氧型填埋的渗滤液实验研究

通过室内模拟试验，在渗滤液回灌的厌氧填埋柱基本进入稳定状态后，改用准好氧运行方式。同时监测了渗滤液中有机物浓度以压温度、pH值的变化。改变模拟垃圾柱的运行方式两个月以后。氨氯浓度由2000mg／L迅速下降至101．48mg／L，试验结果显示，准好氧运行方式可以解决生物反应器填埋场进入稳定阶段后存在的氨氮浓度高的问题，加速填埋场的稳定。     

粪渣污泥上清液和填埋场渗滤液混合处理工程分析

针对深圳市的情况,提出将粪渣污泥脱水上清液和玉龙坑垃圾填埋场渗滤液进行混合处理的工程方案。经过比较,推荐上清液和渗滤液混合废水的处理采用ＵＡＳＢ和好氧生物处理工艺,脱水粪渣和剩余污泥的处理则采用高温好氧堆肥的方案,使排放出水达到排放标准的要求下,做到了污泥的资源化利用,工程和运行管理方面也是可行的。     

GC-MS法测定垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的有机污染物

采用GC-MS联用技术对深圳市两个垃圾填埋场（A和B）渗滤液中的有机污染物进行分析。垃圾场A是简易生活垃圾填埋场，垃圾场B是生活垃圾焚烧底渣填埋场。垃圾场A渗滤液中COD、TOC、NH3-N、NO3^--N等污染指标的浓度比垃圾场B渗滤液高一个数量级。两个垃圾填埋场渗滤液中分别检测出主要有机物72种和57种，其中含有大量难降解有机物，如酚类、胺类、杂环类物质。两个垃圾填埋场渗滤液中有机物组分的相对含量不同，渗滤液A中酚类物质含量最高，渗滤液B中有机物多为长链烷烃。     

生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液全量处理模式探索——以四川某填埋场环境整治为例

为解决生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液系统的设计处理能力与实际需求不匹配，以及处理过程产生的膜浓缩液回灌等将引发一系列环境风险和隐患。以四川省某生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理改造项目为例，采用“两级A/O+两级Fenton+BAF”处理工艺，实现了渗滤液的“全量化”处理，有效避免了膜浓缩液的产生。运行结果表明，全量处理模式能有效提高渗滤液处理系统的处理效果和能力，保证渗滤液能及时有效排出，避免了渗滤液处理系统的膜液产生和回灌问题，从而缓解和改善填埋场存在的环境风险和隐患。     

Surface Water Seepage Effects on Shallow Ground‐Water Quality Along the Rio Grande in Northern New Mexico1

Abstract: Interactions between surface irrigation water, shallow ground water, and river water may have effects on water quality that are important for both drinking water supplies and the ecological function of rivers and floodplains. We investigated water quality in surface water and ground water, and how water quality is influenced by surface water inputs from an unlined irrigation system in the Alcalde Valley of the Rio Grande in northern New Mexico. From August 2005 to July 2006, we sampled ground water and surface water monthly and analyzed for concentrations of major cations and anions, specific conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen, and water levels. Results indicate that irrigation ditch seepage caused an increase in ground water levels and that the Rio Grande is a gaining stream in this region. Temporal and spatial differences were found in ion concentrations in shallow ground water as it flowed from under the ditch toward the river. Ground‐water ion concentrations were higher when the ditch was not flowing compared with periods during peak irrigation season when the ditch was flowing. Ditch inputs diluted ion concentrations in shallow ground water at well positions near the ditch. Specifically, lower ion concentrations were detected in ground water at well positions located near the ditch and river compared with well positions located in the middle of an agricultural field. Results from this project showed that ditch inputs influenced ion concentrations and were associated with ground‐water recharge. In arid region river valleys, careful consideration should be given to management scenarios that change seepage from irrigation systems, because in some situations reduced seepage could negatively affect ground‐water recharge and water quality.     

Understanding long-term baseflow water quality trends using a synoptic survey of the ground water-surface water interface, central Wisconsin

The relationship between stream water quality and landscape activities is difficult to evaluate where the principal source of stream flow is ground water seepage because the average travel time from ground water recharge areas to stream discharge positions can be on the order of decades. We tested the idea that past and future baseflow water quality can be predicted based on a synoptic survey of ground water recharge age-dates (based on chlorofluorocarbon [CFC] measurements) and water quality measurements obtained at the ground water-surface water interface. In this study we (i) characterize the discharge-weighted age distribution and water quality of ground water seepage into the Little Plover River (LPR); (ii) use this information to backcast and forecast baseflow NO(3)(-) concentrations; and (iii) evaluate NO(3)(-) backcasts against historical baseflow data (1960 to 2000). The discharge-weighted apparent CFC age of ground water seepage into the LPR was 23.7 (+/-7) yr. Baseflow backcasts matched the four decade rise of baseflow NO(3)(-) from 2 to 8 mg L(-1). Baseflow forecasts included three scenarios. Scenario A projects the historical rise of NO(3)(-) in the LPR basin's ground water recharge through 2050. Scenario B projects a leveling off of NO(3)(-) in ground water recharge in the year 2000. Scenario C projects a leveling off in the year 1985. Under Scenario A, LPR baseflow NO(3)(-) will increase steadily from 8 to 19 mg L(-1) between 2000 and 2050. Under scenarios B and C baseflow NO(3)(-) will plateau at 13 mg L(-1) in 2030 and at 10 mg L(-1) in 2010, respectively. The approach developed in this study can be used to (i) reconstruct historical baseflow water quality patterns in the absence of long-term monitoring data and (ii) project the effects of potential management decision on future water quality.     

国内外电子垃圾回收处理利用进展概述

概述了国内外电子垃圾回收处理利用进展状况,简介了电子垃圾回收利用的几项典型技术,指出为应对发达国家将电子垃圾污染向发展中国家转移的现实,制定电子垃圾循环利用的国际统一标准刻不容缓。     

我国居民生活垃圾分类处理研究综述

居民生活垃圾分类处理是我国生态建设研究的重要内容。随着绿色环保、循环经济的不断推进,如何有效处理居民生活垃圾是我国社会各界亟待解决的问题。以中国知网数据库20多年有关居民生活垃圾分类处理的研究文献为研究对象,对我国学界对此问题的研究状况进行了分析研究。自1996以来我国学界关于居民生活垃圾分类处理的研究不断增加;近15年的研究主题主要集中在我国居民生活垃圾分类回收现状、垃圾处理技术与方法、垃圾分类管理制度及运行机制、其他国家居民生活垃圾分类处理的先进经验介绍等几方面。在综合分析研究现状的基础上,反思现有研究有待加强改进之处,以期为我国居民生活垃圾分类和处理研究提供参考。     

农村生活垃圾管理初探——青树坪镇垃圾污染现状调查分析报告

对湖南省双峰县青树坪镇周边4个村的生活垃圾的产量、成份、特征、污染现状等进行了调查。发现农村生活垃圾得不到及时有效的处理,垃圾中的有毒有害物质进入到土壤、河流中,最终造成农产品减产和品质下降,同时也对农村居民的健康构成威胁。在村设置垃圾收集点,由乡镇负责到各点收集并运送到县垃圾处理厂统一处理的处理模式可以解决此问题。     

Effect of different design aspects of pipe for earth air tunnel heat exchanger system: A state of art

Earth air tunnel heat exchanger (EATHE) is a promising passive technique to provide thermal comfort condition in buildings. EATHE system uses undisturbed temperature of the ground for heating/cooling of air. Despite the several advantages, this technique has not become much popular owing to its high capital cost (mainly pipe cost and trench excavation cost) and large land area requirements. The primary objective of this study is to present a comprehensive review of different EATHE pipe layouts, pipe properties and positioning of the pipe with their advantages and limitations. It is observed that the ring pipe layout is the most cost-effective pipe-layout for small size EATHE system because it saves excavation cost by using a trench of the existing foundation of the building. However, Grid pipe-layout is an ideal layout for a large size EATHE system. Multi-layer pipe layouts should be used to reduce the land area requirement significantly. Moreover, EATHE system can be installed beneath the building (under building foot-print) to eliminate extra land area requirement for the installation of EATHE system. This review article shows that the Initial capital cost and land area requirement for the EATHE system can be substantially reduced by using appropriate pipe layout. It can be concluded that if EATHE system is installed with proper design strategies, it will be a clean and cost-effective method for building heating/cooling with significant power savings.     

GROUND WATER SEEPAGE IN LAKE WASHINGTON AND THE UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN,FLORIDA1

Direct ground water seepage measurements were made in Lake Washington, Florida, to determine the importance of seepage as a water and chloride source to the lake and upper St. Johns River. Over 200 seepage measurements were made in the lake and adjoining canals from July through December 1978. Results indicated that seepage into the shore areas of Lake Washington was an insignificant water source to the lake, representing 0.6 percent of the inputs, and was nearly balanced by ground water recharge in the midlake region. Drainage canals entering Lake Washington, however, exhibited high average seepage rates (17.7 L/m²-day), over eight times the lake average (2.01 L/M²-day). Discharge from the St. Johns River was the dominant factor in the water budget of Lake Washington and represented approximately 88 percent of the inputs during the study year. Although inputs from the drainage canals represented only 6.6 percent of the St. Johns River annual discharge, these canals represented 20.4 percent of the annual St. Johns River chloride loading and 62.1 percent of the river chloride loading during the five driest months of 1978. Evidence from this study indicates that rising levels of chloride in the river in recent years are largely attributable to ground water seepage in channelized areas, particularly in the headwaters. These chloride inputs assume greater importance during low water/low flow periods.     

政府支持垃圾焚烧发电的公共利益分析

阐述了垃圾焚烧发电的公共利益性质,政府支持垃圾焚烧发电是增进公共利益的必然要求,政府应构建支持垃圾焚烧发电常态机制,整合与垃圾焚烧发电相关各方力量,制定科学合理的正负激励政策,以期相关各方为垃圾焚烧发电的贡献最大化,有效增进公共利益。     

地震对城乡地表水水质长期影响分析——以四川省宝兴县为例

为研究地震前后地表水水质变化规律,以2013年4月20日雅安地震重灾区—宝兴县地表水水质变化为例,对2012 ～2019年宝兴县赵家坝断面地表水水质监测数据收集整理,单因子评价法、污染指数法(单项污染指数、综合污染指数和有机污染综合指数)和水质指数模式优化法对地震前后地表水质进行分析.结果 表明,此次地震引起水体中污染...     

垫江县次级河流环境现状分析

垫江县次级河流部分水质指标不容乐观,以种植污染、养殖污染和生活污染为代表的农村面源污染日渐成为垫江河流污染的主要因素。改变垫江河流水质现状,必须尽量减少化肥农药施用,改变传统养殖模式,完善农村垃圾收运系统,加快建设农村废水治理设施。