不同埋龄垃圾渗滤液中有机物在矿化垃圾床内的转化与去除

研究利用矿化垃圾床在准好氧工况下处理不同埋龄垃圾渗滤液,对渗滤液水质如COD、BOD、氨氮和总氮等几项指标进行了监测,分析了矿化垃圾床对两种渗滤液的处理效果。结果表明,矿化垃圾床对老龄和年轻垃圾渗滤液的COD处理率分别达70.21%和88.09%,但两者出水的B/C值均0.04。同时,在对三维荧光和紫外可见光谱的分析中得出,年轻垃圾渗滤液的出水中几乎不含小分子色氨酸类有机物。并且分子量分布结果表明两体系内的小分子类有机物占比均有所提高,表明了准好氧矿化垃圾床优先降解渗滤液中的大分子有机物,使得小分子有机物占比提高。因此,准好氧矿化垃圾床可应用于不同填埋龄垃圾渗滤液的前处理中,且效果良好。     

准好氧填埋技术在城市垃圾处理中的应用

准好氧垃圾填埋技术在近年得到了国内外的广泛应用。其原理是将排气管与渗滤液收集管相通，利用自然通风，使外部空气因填埋场内微生物发酵产生的热量形成的热对流而通过排水管自然进入填埋场内。使填埋场内维持好氧状态，从而加快垃圾的分解，改善渗滤液水质，降低有害气体的发生量，极大的改善了填埋场周围的环境。     

准好氧矿化垃圾处理渗滤液的工艺参数研究

利用准好氧矿化垃圾柱，通过室内模拟试验，采用正交试验方法研究准好氧矿化垃圾柱处理渗滤液的最佳工艺参数。研究表明，本试验最佳工艺参数为水力负荷0.023L/kg矿化垃圾·d，进水周期24h，有机负荷0．33g／kg矿化垃圾·d，氨氮负荷0.028g／kg矿化垃圾·d。其中水力负荷是影响矿化垃圾柱处理效果的关键因素。     

城市垃圾渗滤液场内循环处理的探讨

本文对城市垃圾渗滤液的产生量、水质特征及其影响因素进行了分析，介绍了当前国内外垃圾渗滤水场内循环处理的两大研究流派-以欧美国家为主的生物反应器填埋技术和以日本为主的循环式准好氧填埋技术。根据我国城市垃圾有机物含量高的特点，提出了适合我国国情的、将准好氧填埋技术与生物反应器填埋技术特点相结合的城市垃圾填埋场渗波液场内循环处理的设计思路。     

厌氧-准好氧型填埋的渗滤液实验研究

通过室内模拟试验，在渗滤液回灌的厌氧填埋柱基本进入稳定状态后，改用准好氧运行方式。同时监测了渗滤液中有机物浓度以压温度、pH值的变化。改变模拟垃圾柱的运行方式两个月以后。氨氯浓度由2000mg／L迅速下降至101．48mg／L，试验结果显示，准好氧运行方式可以解决生物反应器填埋场进入稳定阶段后存在的氨氮浓度高的问题，加速填埋场的稳定。     

填埋期模拟准好氧填埋场的渗滤液水质特征

采用室内试验，模拟填埋期回灌型准好氧填埋场垃圾渗滤液水质变化特征。结果显示，新鲜垃圾的定期填入使渗滤波水质产生明显波动，其主要水质指标（COD、NH3-N等）不存在如非填埋期渗滤液水质指标持续下降的变化规律，表明即使对于回灌型准好氧填埋场，当其已填埋垃圾规模较小时，其处理渗滤液的能力和抵御新填入垃圾干扰的能力均是十分有限的。本研究有助于填埋期垃圾渗滤液的合理回灌。     

对城市生活垃圾填埋处置技术的思考

本文分析了我国广泛使用的垃圾填埋技术——厌氧卫生填埋的缺点，介绍了当前新型的填埋技术——生物反应器填埋技术、好氧填埋技术、准好氧填埋技术、循环式准好氧填埋的原理、结构及各自的优缺点，据此指出我国今后垃圾填埋技术的研究方向。     

高浓度氨氮废水好氧反硝化反应的基本条件

文章通过室内实验,对高浓度氨氮废水(垃圾渗滤液)间歇曝气,在只存在有机碳、无机氮的条件下进行好氧反硝化脱氮研究。实验结果表明:垃圾渗滤液中存在好氧反硝化土著微生物菌落;发生好氧反硝化的基本条件为在溶解氧充足的条件下间歇曝气;碳源不仅是厌氧反硝化所必须的,同样也是好氧反硝化的必要条件。     

垃圾渗滤液处理技术及装置

由烟台德利环保工程有限公司开发的垃圾渗滤液处理技术及装置,适用于大中小城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液、垃圾中转站渗滤液的处理。主要技术内容一、基本原理先通过专用絮凝剂利用物化原理将废水中重金属、悬浮物等不利于生化的有害物除去,再进行中温厌氧, 去除75%左右的CODcr。厌氧出水经好氧 兼氧,可有效脱氮并去除CODcr、BOD5等,再经物化深度处理,出水指标达到一级排放标准。垃圾渗滤液经格栅沉砂池,去除大的悬浮渣质及砂     

垃圾渗滤液生化物化综合处理技术

正由中钢集团武汉安全环保研究院有限公司开发的垃圾渗滤液生化物化综合处理技术,适用于垃圾填埋场、焚烧厂渗滤液处理。主要技术内容一、基本原理针对垃圾渗滤液水质情况,采用"预处理+生物处理+深度处理组合工艺"。经收集的垃圾渗滤液先采用混凝沉淀、氨吹脱(氨浓度高的填埋场渗滤液)等方式,去除其中大量污染物及高浓度的氨,同时调节水质的pH值等参数使其符合后续生化处理。预处理后的渗滤液经厌氧、好氧生物处理,进一步去除COD、BOD、SS、氨氮     

生物反应器填埋场渗滤液及其处理对策

根据垃圾的降解和稳定机理分析了生物反应器填埋场渗滤液的动态变化规律，并对其处理对策进行了探讨。生物反应器填埋场前期产生的渗滤液可全部回灌，后期再根据实际情况排放处理部分过量的渗滤液。在对渗滤液水量和水质全面直观认识后，再对生物反应器填埋场渗滤液处理工艺进行针对性的选择和设计，并宜采用物化法处理方式。     

渗滤液回灌在实际应用中应注意的问题

本文介绍了垃圾填埋场渗滤液回灌的机理、优缺点,“干填埋”与“湿填埋”之间的区别。渗滤液回灌可增加填埋废物的含水率,加快垃圾的降解速率,减少渗滤液的处理时间,提高填埋气中甲烷的含量,加速填埋场稳定化进程。鉴于以上这些优点,渗滤液回灌作为一种渗滤液处理方式将会有极大的应用前景。但在实际应用中回灌的渗滤液容易泄漏而导致地下水污染,这是影响渗滤液回灌广泛应用的主要原因。为了避免使地下水受污染,本文总结和分析了渗滤液回灌在实际应用中应注意的问题。     

GC-MS法测定垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的有机污染物

采用GC-MS联用技术对深圳市两个垃圾填埋场（A和B）渗滤液中的有机污染物进行分析。垃圾场A是简易生活垃圾填埋场，垃圾场B是生活垃圾焚烧底渣填埋场。垃圾场A渗滤液中COD、TOC、NH3-N、NO3^--N等污染指标的浓度比垃圾场B渗滤液高一个数量级。两个垃圾填埋场渗滤液中分别检测出主要有机物72种和57种，其中含有大量难降解有机物，如酚类、胺类、杂环类物质。两个垃圾填埋场渗滤液中有机物组分的相对含量不同，渗滤液A中酚类物质含量最高，渗滤液B中有机物多为长链烷烃。     

生活垃圾填埋场建设项目环保验收调查方法研究简

垃圾填埋场建设项目的主要环境问题包括：渗沥液排放、地下水环境污染、大气环境污染、噪声污染、景观变化和环境安全。根据工作经验,建立了包括建设项目基本情况、生态环境影响、社会环境影响、生态环境保护措施四大类调查监测指标为核心的环保验收调查指标体系,提出了文件资料核实、现场勘查、遥感调查、公众意见调查、环境监测和摄影法为主的建设项目竣工环保验收调查技术方法。     

回灌型准好氧填埋场渗滤液中COD浓度的预测模型探讨

基于进行的室内模拟试验，推导了回灌型准好氧填埋场COD浓度计算模型，并通过模拟试验结果确定了模型参数。结果表明，模型的相关系数为0．91，该模型可用于该类填埋场COD浓度的预测。本研究可为回灌型准好氧填埋场的设计提供依据。     

Potential for enhanced phytoremediation of landfills using biosolids – a review

Despite the use of recyclable materials increasing worldwide, waste disposal to landfill remains the most common method of waste management because it is simple and relatively inexpensive. Although landfill disposal is an effective waste management system, if not managed correctly, a number of potential detrimental environmental impacts have been identified including soil and ground water contamination, leachate generation, and gas emissions. In particular, improper post-closure treatment of landfills or deterioration of the conventional clay landfill capping were shown to result in land degradation which required remediation to secure contaminants within the landfill site.Phytoremediation is an attractive technology for landfill remediation, as it can stabilize soil and simultaneously remediate landfill leachate. In addition, landfill phytoremediation systems can potentially be combined with landfill covers (Phytocapping) for hydrological control of infiltrated rainfall. However, for the successful application of any phytoremediation system, the effective establishment of appropriate, desired vegetation is critical. This is because the typically harsh and sterile nature of landfill capping soil limits the sustainable establishment of vegetation. Therefore, the physicochemical properties of landfill capping soils often need to be improved by incorporating soil amendments. Biosolids are a common soil amendment and will often meet these demanding conditions because they contain a variety of plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, as well as a large proportion of organic matter. Such amendment will also ameliorate the physical properties of the capping soils by increasing porosity, moisture content, and soil aggregation. Contaminants which potentially originate from biosolids will also be remediated by activities congruent with the establishment of plants and bacteria.     

应用反渗透技术处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液

垃圾填埋场渗滤液属于高浓度氨氮废水，其水量、水质特性变化大，成分复杂，因此较难处理。反渗透分离技术能有效截留垃圾渗滤液中溶解态的有机和无机污染物。采用三级反渗透处理垃圾渗滤液工艺处理后的出水水质，能够满足《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》（DB16889-2008）要求，并把渗滤液浓缩液回灌于填埋场。     

Environmental and economic assessment of combined biostabilization and landfill for municipal solid waste

Biostabilization can remove considerable amounts of moisture and degradable organic materials from municipal solid waste (MSW), and can therefore be an effective form of pretreatment prior to landfill. The environmental and economic impacts of two combined processes, active stage biostabilization + sanitary landfill (AL), and active and curing stage biostabilization + sanitary landfill (ACL), were compared with sanitary landfill (SL) for MSW with high moisture content. The results indicated that land requirement, leachate generation, and CH(4) emission in the ACL process decreased by 68.6%, 89.1%, and 87.6%, respectively, and the total cost was reduced by 24.1%, compared with SL. This implies that a combined biostabilization and landfill process can be an environmentally friendly and economically feasible alternative to landfill of raw MSW with high moisture content. Sensitivity analysis revealed that treatment capacity and construction costs of biostabilization and the oxidation factor of CH(4) significantly influenced the costs and benefits of the AL and ACL process at an extremely low land price. When the land price was greater than 100 USD m(-2), it became the dominating factor in determining the cost of treatment and disposal, and the total costs of ACL were reduced to less than 40% of those of SL.     

Properties of steel foundry electric arc furnace dust solidified/stabilized with Portland cement

Electric arc furnace dust from steel production is generated in considerable amounts worldwide and needs to be treated as hazardous waste. The aim of this study was to investigate the properties of electric arc furnace dust solidified/stabilized by using Portland cement. Mortar and paste samples were prepared with varying waste-to-binder ratios between 0% and 90%. A comprehensive experimental program was designed including XRF characterization, setting time, unconfined compressive strength, and toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP), synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP), and acid neutralization capacity (ANC) tests. The results were evaluated in order to determine if the solidified /stabilized product can be disposed of at a landfill site with domestic waste or at a segregated landfill. The effect of using sand on S/S performance was also investigated. The results indicated that the solidification /stabilization process using PC helps the heavy metals to be bound in the cement matrix, but the TCLP leaching results exceeded the EPA landfilling limits. The SPLP leaching results conformed to the limits implying that the waste or S/S products can be disposed of at a segregated landfill; however the low ANC of the S/S products reveals that there may be leaching in the long-term. The sand used in the mortar samples adversely affected the S/S performance, causing higher heavy metal leaching levels, and lower pH levels in the leachate after the TCLP extraction than those measured in the leachate of the paste samples.     

Evaluation of leachate recirculation on nitrous oxide production in the Likang Landfill,China

Landfill leachate recirculation is efficient in reducing the leachate quantity handled by a leachate treatment plant. However, after land application of leachate, nitrification and denitrification of the ammoniacal N becomes possible and the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) is produced. Lack of information on the effects of leachate recirculation on N2O production led to a field study being conducted in the Likang Landfill (Guangzhou, China) where leachate recirculation had been practiced for 8 yr. Monthly productions and fluxes of N2O from leachate and soil were studied from June to November 2000. Environmental and chemical factors regulating N2O production were also accessed. An impermeable top liner was not used at this site; municipal solid waste was simply covered by inert soil and compacted by bulldozers. A high N2O emission rate (113 mg m-2 h-1) was detected from a leachate pond purposely formed on topsoil within the landfill boundary after leachate irrigation. A high N2O level (1.09 micrograms L-1) was detected in a gas sample emitted from topsoil 1 m from the leachate pond. Nitrous oxide production from denitrification in leachate-contaminated soil was at least 20 times higher than that from nitrification based on laboratory incubation studies. The N2O levels emitted from leachate ponds were compared with figures reported for different ecosystems and showed that the results of the present study were 68.7 to 88.6 times higher. Leachate recirculation can be a cost-effective operation in reducing the volume of leachate to be treated in landfill. However, to reduce N2O flux, leachate should be applied to underground soil rather than being irrigated and allowed to flow on topsoil.