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综述了物理、化学、生物修复技术及优选技术进行狄氏剂污染土壤修复的特点;其中物理、化学修复技术具有修复周期短、范围广,但易产生二次污染及成本高等特点;生物修复技术具有修复成本低、环境效益好,但修复周期长等特点;优选技术通过联合多种修复技术,其修复效果显著,但应用范围有限。结合各种修复技术的原理、优缺点及应用范围,微生物修复技术及各修复技术的联用是今后狄氏剂污染土壤修复的发展方向。 相似文献
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"土壤修复"产业,我国目前处于起步阶段,其工作过程和技术路线是迫切需要解决的问题。本文在调研市场需求的基础上,探讨了土壤修复的工作流程、工作内容和修复技术。土壤修复的前期工作是场地土壤环境调查评估,首先从场地土壤环境质量(污染)调查开始,通过土壤样品采集、分析测试、结果分析和环境现状评价,进行场地土壤污染风险识别,包括污染因子、污染程度、修复因子的识别;通过污染风险评价,确定修复目标值、场地修复范围和修复量;通过试验筛选修复技术和修复工艺,确定修复方案和修复工程设计;对修复工程设计进行环境影响评价和环保行政审查;环保审查通过,实施修复工程。样品采集和分析测试、结果分析和评价、修复技术和修复工程成为"土壤修复"产业的工作核心。市场上应用的修复技术路线主要是隔离/封闭技术、稳定/固化技术、淋洗技术。 相似文献
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概述了目前国内外石油污染土壤常用的修复技术及其研究进展,综述了物理修复、化学修复,特别是生物修复技术的优越性,并针对国内外石油污染土壤修复技术研发和实际应用过程中存在的问题,提出加强研发污染土壤综合修复技术、完善修复工程设计、加大新型功能材料的开发和应用力度、加强分子生态学技术在污染土壤修复中的应用4项建议。 相似文献
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污染场地修复技术的种类 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
本文旨在归纳总结目前国内外对污染场地的修复的各种技术。认为场地修复通常包括污染土修复和含水层净化等2个方面。污染土常见的处理技术目前大致可归纳为6类,即微生物修复技术、化学处理技术、物理分离技术、固化/安定化技术、高温处理技术、植物修复技术等。而污染地下水的修复方法主要有5项:注气法、原位微生物修复技术、两相蒸气提取法、原位氧化法、原位反应墙技术等。 相似文献
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仪慧民 《环境保护与循环经济》2023,(3):41-44
为促进生态修复技术在河流湖岸生态修复治理过程中的应用,介绍了基于重建河流湖岸原始生态环境的修复理念以及人与自然和谐相处的修复目标,根据技术原理将修复技术划分为物理、化学以及生物修复三大类,并对这三大类修复技术中常用工程措施进行阐述,将河流湖岸生态修复理念与技术应用于拾得湖生态修复工程,取得良好的实施效果。 相似文献
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土壤重金属污染及其修复技术研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
土壤重金属污染物有汞、镉、铅、锌等,主要来源于交通运输、工业污染和农业污染。土壤重金属污染会导致农作物减产甚至死亡,对人体健康也会产生极大危害。目前土壤重金属污染修复的技术主要包括工程修复法、物理化学修复法、化学修复法和生物修复法。植物修复技术作为一种新兴的绿色、生态、高效的修复技术具有良好的发展前景。 相似文献
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Peter C. Smiley Jr. F. Douglas Shields Jr. Scott S. Knight 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(4):867-878
Abstract: Conservation practices are regularly implemented within agricultural watersheds throughout the United States without evaluating their ecological impacts. Impact assessments documenting how habitat and aquatic biota within streams respond to these practices are needed for evaluating the effects of conservation practices. Numerous sampling protocols have been developed for monitoring streams. However, protocols designed for monitoring studies are not appropriate for impact assessments. We developed guiding principles for designing impact assessments of ecological responses to conservation practices. The guiding principles are as follows: (1) develop the hypothesis first, (2) use replicated experimental designs having controls and treatments, (3) assess the habitat and biological characteristics with quantitative and repeatable sampling methods, (4) use multiple sampling techniques for collecting aquatic organisms, and (5) standardize sampling efforts for aquatic organisms. The guiding principles were applied in designing a study intended to evaluate the influence of herbaceous riparian buffers on channelized headwater streams in central Ohio. Our example highlights that the application of our recommendations will result in impact assessments that are hypothesis‐driven and incorporate quantitative methods for the measurement of abiotic and biotic attributes. 相似文献
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Vernon P. Hershberger Marilyn G. Hershberger Nicholas R. Hild Jane E. Humble 《The Environmentalist》1995,15(2):83-96
Summary Past and current uncontrolled dumping, land application and accidental spills of recalcitrant, toxic environmental pollutants such as DDT and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) pose a continued world-wide environmental threat, in particular to aquatic environments. Bioaccumulative contaminants are rapidly absorbed out of water-borne ambient environments and concentrated in the tissues of living aquatic organisms at concentrations that can range from thousands to millions of times greater than levels in the ambient environment. These absorbed levels are high enough to cause dysfunction in the organisms and potential harmful effects to humans. An established technology capable of remediating the low contaminant levels originating in the ambient aquatic environment does not currently exist. This paper proposes the macro-bioremediation process whereby certain fish and other macroscopic aquatic organisms could be used to filter, concentrate and remove bioaccumulative contaminants from polluted aqueous systems. Contaminant removal would involve the harvesting and subsequent restocking of aquatic organisms capable of bioaccumulating high contaminant levels in relatively short time periods. Tissues of harvested organisms could be composted with specialized fungus and bacteria to fully degrade the recalcitrant contaminants. The macro-bioremediation process could be used at numerous geographic locations for the restoration of natural aquatic environments, supplemental wetlands treatment and for waste-water, hazardous waste and sludge treatment augmentation. 相似文献
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The present review aims to summarize current knowledge in the topic of wood ash application to boreal forest and aquatic ecosystems, and the different effects derived from these actions. Much research has been conducted regarding the effects of wood ash application on forest growth. Present studies show that, generally speaking, forest growth can be increased on wood ash-ameliorated peatland rich in nitrogen. On mineral soils, however, no change or even decreased growth have been reported. The effects on ground vegetation are not very clear, as well as the effects on fungi, soil microbes, and soil-decomposing animals. The discrepancies between different studies are for the most part explained by abiotic factors such as variation in fertility among sites, different degrees of stabilization, and wood ash dosage used, and different time scales among different studies. The lack of knowledge in the field of aquatic ecosystems and their response to ash application is an important issue for future research. The few studies conducted have mainly considered changes in water chemistry. The biotoxic effects of ash application can roughly be divided into two categories: primary and secondary. Among the primary effects is toxicity deriving from compounds in the wood ash and cadmium is probably the worst among these. The secondary effects of wood ash are generally due to its alkaline capacity and a release of ions into the soil and soil water, and finally, watercourses and lakes. Given current knowledge, we would recommend site- and wood ash-specific application practices, rather than broad and general guidelines for wood ash application to forests. 相似文献
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Robert J. Wilcock 《Environmental management》1993,17(3):365-371
Survey information on pesticide usage in New Zealand during 1985–1989 is summarized by regions and principal applications.
Two screening tests, one based on a simple water-balance method and the other based on a semiempirical runoff formula, have
been used to identify 18 pesticides with application rates that may yield runoff concentrations that are harmful to aquatic
fauna. These are predominantly associated either with intensive applications in horticulture or extensive applications to
cereal crops and pasture. The purpose of the screening tests was to calculate typical edge-of-field concentrations in runoff
and, by comparing them with known aquatic toxicity values, determine which compounds are applied at rates that may yield toxic
runoff. While it may be possible to extend these methods to calculate typical surface water concentrations, further studies
will be needed to evaluate pesticide persistence and assimilation in stream channels. 相似文献
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Environmental Exposure of Aquatic and Terrestrial Biota to Triclosan and Triclocarban1 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Talia E. A. Chalew Rolf U. Halden 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(1):4-13
Abstract: The synthetic biocides triclosan (5‐chloro‐2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)phenol) and triclocarban (3,4,4′‐trichlorocarbanilide) are routinely added to a wide array of antimicrobial personal care products and consumer articles. Both compounds can persist in the environment and exhibit toxicity toward a number of biological receptors. Recent reports of toxicological effects in wildlife, human cell cultures, and laboratory animals have heightened the interest in the occurrence of these biocide and related toxic effects. The present study aimed to summarize published environmental concentrations of biocides and contrast them with toxicity threshold values of susceptible organisms. Environmental occurrences and toxicity threshold values span more than six orders of magnitude in concentration. The highest biocide levels, measured in the mid parts‐per‐million range, were determined to occur in aquatic sediments and in municipal biosolids destined for land application. Crustacea and algae were identified as the most sensitive species, susceptible to adverse effects from biocide exposures in the parts‐per‐trillion range. An overlap of environmental concentrations and toxicity threshold values was noted for these more sensitive organisms, suggesting potential adverse ecological effects in aquatic environments. Affirmative evidence for this is lacking, however, since studies examining environmental occurrences of biocides vis‐à‐vis the health and diversity of aquatic species have not yet been conducted. 相似文献
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Recovery dynamics in a previously disturbed stream were investigated to determine the influence of a series of remedial actions
on stream recovery and to evaluate the potential application of bioindicators as an environmental management tool. A suite
of bioindicators, representing five different functional response groups, were measured annually for a sentinel fish species
over a 15 year period during which a variety of remedial and pollution abatement actions were implemented. Trends in biochemical,
physiological, condition, growth, bioenergetic, and nutritional responses demonstrated that the health status of a sentinel
fish species in the disturbed stream approached that of fish in the reference stream by the end of the study. Two major remedial
actions, dechlorination and water flow management, had large effects on stream recovery resulting in an improvement in the
bioenergetic, disease, nutritional, and organ condition status of the sentinel fish species. A subset of bioindicators responded
rather dramatically to temporal trends affecting all sites, but some indicators showed little response to disturbance or to
restoration activities. In assessing recovery of aquatic systems, application of appropriate integrative structural indices
along with a variety of sensitive functional bioindicators should be used to understand the mechanistic basis of stress and
recovery and to reduce the risk of false positives. Understanding the mechanistic processes involved between stressors, stress
responses of biota, and the recovery dynamics of aquatic systems reduces the uncertainty involved in environmental management
and regulatory decisions resulting in an increased ability to predict the consequences of restoration and remedial actions
for aquatic systems. 相似文献
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Results from a 1995 survey of utility company biologists indicate that aquatic biodiversity is an emerging and poorly understood issue. As a result, there is some confusion about what aquatic biodiversity actually is, and how we can best conserve it. Only one fourth (24%) of the respondents said their company has a stated environmental policy that addresses biodiversity. Many respondents indicate that over the years they have not specifically managed for biodiversity, but have been doing that through their efforts to assure balanced indigenous populations. While regulations are still the major driver for biological work, an increasing number of companies are involved in voluntary partnerships in managing water resources. Of these voluntary partnerships, 70% have biodiversity as a goal. Biodiversity is becoming an increasingly common subject of study, and a vast majority (75%) of the respondents suggested it should be a goal for utility resource management. Conservation of aquatic biodiversity is a complex task, and to date most aquatic efforts have been directed toward fish and macroinvertebrates. Ecological research and technological development performed by the utility industry have resulted in a number of successful biopreservation and biorestoration success stories. A common theme to preserving or enhancing aquatic biodiversity is preserving aquatic habitat. Increasingly, ecosystem management is touted as the most likely approach to achieve success in preserving aquatic biodiversity. Several utilities are conducting progressive work in implementing ecosystem management. This paper presents the potential interactions between power plants and biodiversity, an overview of aquatic biodiversity preservation efforts within the electric utility industry, more detail on the results of the survey, and recent initiatives in ecosystem management. 相似文献
18.
A. Allen Bradley Forrest M. Holly William K. Walker Scott A. Wright 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1998,34(3):467-480
ABSTRACT: A continuous simulation approach is proposed for estimating water temperature exceedance probabilities using thermo-hydrodynamic modeling. The approach uses (1) a deterministic unsteady flow and heat transport model, (2) continuous hydrological and meteorological data for a long historical period, and (3) synthetic records of tributary water temperatures and other model inputs. Representative historical records of streamflow, air temperatures, and other hydrometeorological variables are obtained from nearby gages. Stochastic modeling methods are used to construct synthetic records for other model inputs, including inflow water temperatures. An application of this deterministic-stochastic approach is presented for a complex waterway in northeastern Illinois with heat discharges from several power plants and wastewater treatment plants. Statistical results from the continuous simulations are compared to results obtained from traditional event simulations. The application illustrates the information that engineers and biologists can obtain for (1) evaluating compliance with water temperature standards, and (2) assessing the effect of water temperatures on aquatic habitat. 相似文献
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/ Results from a 1995 survey of utility company biologists indicate that aquatic biodiversity is an emerging and poorly understood issue. As a result, there is some confusion about what aquatic biodiversity actually is, and how we can best conserve it. Only one fourth (24%) of the respondents said their company has a stated environmental policy that addresses biodiversity. Many respondents indicate that over the years they have not specifically managed for biodiversity, but have been doing that through their efforts to assure balanced indigenous populations. While regulations are still the major driver for biological work, an increasing number of companies are involved in voluntary partnerships in managing water resources. Of these voluntary partnerships, 70% have biodiversity as a goal. Biodiversity is becoming an increasingly common subject of study, and a vast majority (75%) of the respondents suggested it should be a goal for utility resource management. Conservation of aquatic biodiversity is a complex task, and to date most aquatic efforts have been directed toward fish and macroinvertebrates. Ecological research and technological development performed by the utility industry have resulted in a number of successful biopreservation and biorestoration success stories. A common theme to preserving or enhancing aquatic biodiversity is preserving aquatic habitat. Increasingly, ecosystem management is touted as the most likely approach to achieve success in preserving aquatic biodiversity. Several utilities are conducting progressive work in implementing ecosystem management. This paper presents the potential interactions between power plants and biodiversity, an overview of aquatic biodiversity preservation efforts within the electric utility industry, more detail on the results of the survey, and recent initiatives in ecosystem management.KEY WORDS: Biodiversity; Ecosystem management; Watershed management; Utilities; Aquatic; Adaptive management 相似文献