四川页岩气钻井及压裂作业边界噪声调查与分析

简要分析了四川页岩气勘探钻井现状,监测了单、双平台钻井作业和压裂作业边界噪声。监测结果表明:压裂作业边界昼间噪声平均值高于单、双平台钻井作业平均值约10 dB(A),噪声测量值的最低值和最高值相应高出4～6 dB(A),昼间噪声超标率高于钻井作业,说明压裂作业噪声对周边的影响远超过钻井作业;相对于单平台,双平台发声设备多,造成声叠加影响严重,高发声设备在同一方位声叠加更显著。通过噪声值对比,提出页岩气勘探钻井过程可考虑选取噪声更小的气代油或电代油动力设备、建立隔音设备、根据地形与噪声传播规律调整声源设备摆放位置等降噪措施。     

某气田增压站压缩机组噪声治理效果分析

针对川东地区大多数增压场站存在的厂界噪声超标问题，以某气田增压站为例，从生产设备、厂界范围入手，分析了压缩机组噪声超标点位，提出了噪声超标治理方案。经现场改造后，噪声排放满足GB 12348—2008《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》二类昼间≤60 dB（A），夜间≤50 dB（A）的要求。该压缩机组 降噪治理应用有效降低了噪声水平，符合国家环保政策，为气田后期开发提供参考。     

轨道交通建设对声环境影响分析——以西安市城市轨道交通1号线为例

为了客观反映轨道交通建设对声环境的影响,以西安市城市轨道交通1号线为例,采用实测分析法研究轨道交通声源对周围声环境的影响。结果表明,所测声环境敏感点多为夜间超标,超标敏感点大都临近既有道路,主要受既有交通噪声的影响,而轨道交通设备引起的噪声增量仅为1.4～1.9 d B(A),对敏感点的影响较小;室内二次结构噪声监测结果显示其噪声实测值与背景值相差均小于0.5 d B(A),说明轨道交通的运行对室内二次结构噪声敏感点影响也较小。因此,轨道交通建设通过采取相应措施后对周围敏感目标的声环境影响是可控的,且轨道交通通过大量吸引客流将使地面交通噪声增量减少。总体上轨道交通地下线的建设对城市声环境的改善具有较大的促进作用。     

噪声治理技术实例研究

文章从噪声源入手,分析泵房和压缩机房内的噪声对工作人员和居民不同程度的影响和危害,按照噪声控制的原理,采取吸声、隔声、消声相结合的降噪措施。治理后,泵房、压缩机房内噪声值低于85 dB(A),压缩机房厂界噪声值低于60 dB(A),居民楼外1 m处的噪声值低于45 dB(A),有效减少噪声对作业场所和周边环境的污染。     

基于指数平滑法的乌鲁木齐市功能区声环境质量预测及应用

本文以2012年—2021年乌鲁木齐市各类功能区各季度昼、夜间声环境质量常规监测数据作为研究对象，对全市各类功能区声环境进行评价并建立三次指数平滑模型，模型预测值与乌鲁木齐市的功能区声环境质量状况基本一致，预测效果比较可靠，该模型可用于城市功能区声环境质量短期及中期预测。并用该模型对未来5年的声环境质量水平进行预测，结果显示：除1类功能区2季度夜间可能超标0.27～0.29dB(A)外，1—3类功能区各季度昼、夜间等效声级基本将全部达标；4类功能区4季度昼间可能超标0.52dB(A),各季度夜间将全部超标，超标范围预计7.3～9.3dB(A)。预测结果将为上级管理部门今后开展噪声污染防治工作提供参考依据。     

锅炉引风机噪声的治理

1 概况 采暖锅炉引风机噪音是目前城市噪声源之一.该噪音的特点是进入采暖期以后每日24小时分3至4段时间供热,严重影响附近居民的休息.通化市某银行现有10吨采暖锅炉,配Y5-47 NO 10C引风机,锅炉烟囱为直径0.9m,高24m,铁制.该烟囱高出附近居民楼5m,锅炉房界外1m处环境夜间本底值39dB(A),噪声值63.5dB(A) ,超出我国城市环境噪声允许标准二类混合区的限值18.5dB(A) .     

新建铁路邻近既有铁路的声屏障降噪效果研究

以某既有铁路及新建铁路并行穿越某居民区为例,对该区域的交通噪声现状进行监测分析,表明环境噪声受铁路噪声影响较大,对于临街建筑的影响为从低楼层至高楼层呈逐渐增大的趋势。考虑既有铁路和新建铁路的共同影响,建立了Cadna/A噪声预测模型,预测了采用声屏障降噪措施前后区域的环境噪声空间分布特征。结果表明,设置声屏障措施能有效减少铁路噪声的影响,预测点昼间均能达标,夜间达标率为50%,但超标点位的预测值基本相当或优于现状值。     

噪声防治技术在化工装置中的研究应用

为了降低4500 Nm~3/a氢气联产10000 t/a甲醇装置的噪声及减少其对岗位员工和周边居民的影响,辽河油田公司油气工程技术处针对该装置噪声特点及其对员工的健康危害进行分析,采用吸声、隔声、缓声技术对该装置进行整治。治理后,该装置噪声值由97 dB(A)降至80 dB(A),符合GB Z1-2002《工业企业设计卫生标准》;同时,厂界噪声值低于65 dB(A),符合GB 12348-90《工业企业厂界噪声标准》第四类要求。     

重庆市渝中区噪声污染现状、问题及防治对策

基于渝中区近6年噪声监测及污染投诉数据,采用趋势分析法,分析了功能区环境噪声、区域环境噪声、道路环境噪声质量状况及不同噪声源污染存在的问题,并在此基础上探讨了城市噪声污染防治对策。结果表明:渝中区功能区环境噪声整体上昼间优于夜间;区域环境噪声和道路环境噪声均达标且呈好转趋势。但依然面临社会生活噪声上升,施工噪声扰民问题持续,交通噪声呈增加趋势,现有监管体系很难满足实际需求等问题。因此,提出了合理城市规划布局,推进城市精细化管理,加强社会生活、建筑施工、交通噪声控制,加大宣传力度,完善联动机制等防治对策,为今后城市噪声污染防治提供参考。     

黄岩城区交通噪声监测与分析

对黄岩城区主要交通干线的昼间交通噪声进行了监测和分析。结果表明:黄岩城区主要交通干线的昼间交通噪声水平全部超过国家标准;小轿车是黄岩城区交通噪声的主要来源。     

湖南省城市声环境质量状况与变化分析

本文以2000~2009年湖南省主要城市声环境质量监测数据为基础,统计分析了10年来湖南省城市声环境质量状况与变化趋势。结果表明,2000~2009年湖南省城市声环境质量虽然得到逐年改善,但是2009年监测的城市主次干道中,有25.96%的路段等效声级超过70dB(A);所监测的约2880个城市区域噪声测点中,有36.42%的测点等效声级超过55dB(A)的标准限值;长沙、株洲、湘潭和岳阳等城市4类功能区夜间噪声超标现象较为普遍,湖南省城市环境噪声污染治理值得重视。     

工业企业厂界环境噪声监测中背景噪声监测及修正探讨

针对测量结果修正的相关要求，本文对新颁布的《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》（GB12348-2008）和旧标准《工业企业厂界噪声测量方法》（GB／T12349-1990）在实际工作中的运用进行了比对、分析和探讨，并根据实际工作经验，提出了在背景噪声难以测量的一些特殊情况下的几种解决途径，主要提出噪声源声值与背景声值相差小于3dB（A）时的解决方案。     

Noise pollution monitoring during Diwali festival in Golden city Jaisalmer of Rajasthan, India

Noise is an important pollutant of environment causing various health hazards. In the present study, ambient noise levels were measured in two different areas within Jaisalmer city viz., commercial and residential area, on festive day and non-festive day (after) of Diwali. The results of noise level monitoring revealed the fact that due to higher amount of firecrackers on Diwali festival noise level was enhanced. The average equivalent noise level was increased from 61.94?dB to 72?dB (A) and 64.68?dB to 73.74?dB (A) on festive day, respectively, in selected residential and commercial areas, where noise was 30 and 13.44?% higher than standards of Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi for residential and commercial areas, respectively.     

Aesthetic and affective effects of vocal and traffic noise on natural landscape assessment

National parks have mandates both to preserve and protect natural settings and to assist visitors in viewing and interacting with those settings. Considerable scholarship has examined the trade-offs between preservation and recreation goals, such as protection of a natural setting when some visitors want to experience it from noisy aircraft or ground vehicles. The current project expands on previous noise research that showed the presence of aircraft noise to be detrimental to aesthetic and affective environmental assessments. Participants rated 25 scenes under quiet conditions or while hearing 45 dB(A) or 60 dB(A) of either natural sounds (bird calls, breeze through foliage), natural sounds with aircraft sounds, natural sounds with ground traffic sounds, or natural sounds with human voices. Results indicated that the presence of any anthropogenic noise–air traffic, ground traffic, or voices–negatively impacted environmental assessments, and more so at louder levels, while the natural soundscape had little to no effect on assessments. Additionally, the presence of air traffic, ground traffic, and human voices significantly decreased participant ratings of serenity while also increasing ratings of hostility. These effects were strongest for scenes that were high in scenic beauty. Results are discussed in the context of sound quality management in national parks and other settings.     

Multiple environmental burdens and neighborhood-related health of city residents

Urban living environments are known to influence human well-being and health; however, little is known about the multidimensionality of different environmental burdens. The aim of this study is to examine the relations between multiple burdens and self-rated health of city residents in Berlin. A spatial analysis was conducted to determine neighborhood street blocks with high versus low levels of three environmental burdens (traffic noise, air pollution, lack of public green space) as study sites for a cross-sectional household questionnaire. Burden level served as a dichotomous predictor to compare residents' self-reports of neighborhood satisfaction, life satisfaction, health behavior, and psychological and physical health symptoms. Residents from high-burden blocks appraised the environmental conditions more stressful, reported poorer health behavior and were less satisfied with their neighborhood than residents from low-burden blocks. However, they did not differ in regard to more general health symptoms. Three other burdens (behavior-related noise, litter and dirt in public space, lack of urban vegetation), which could not be varied objectively, were assessed by their perceived intensity. Regression analyses of the relations between the perceived levels of all six burdens and outcomes in the total sample revealed the following: Neighborhood satisfaction could be predicted from multiple stressors and resources that co-occur independently, while more general health symptoms were related only to perceived air pollution. The results have implications for both urban planning and public health.     

气动马达降噪研究

针对石油钻井工艺使用气动马达产生的噪声影响,对其污染特性进行了探讨,研究选定了气动马达消声器,经现场使用井场周围噪声值可以降低8～16dB（A）,达到了既不影响气动马达的排气功率,又有利于改善井场周围声学环境的效果。     

机场飞机噪声的预测研究

本文以机场飞机噪声为研究对象,采用国际民航组织推荐使用的计权等效连续感觉噪声级(LWECPN)为评价量,以广汉机场为例,通过定量分析,利用MATLAB拟合出机场周围各监测点飞机噪声与跑道中心线对数距离的线性方程,然后将该方程用于对未知监测点的LWECPN预测,并与实测数据对比检验其准确度。结果表明,采用该线性拟合预测方法所得到的未知监测点的噪声预测值与实测值较为接近,两者的相对误差保持在1.0%到2.0%之间,预测准确度较好。值得一提的是,该方法操作相对简便,可以达到快速预测机场周边噪声敏感点LWECPN的目的,为今后飞机噪声的预测研究提出一种新的预测方法,具有一定的实际意义。     

缓释肥侧条施肥技术对水稻产量和氮素利用效率的影响

利用田间小区试验,系统研究了基于缓释肥料的侧条施肥技术对水稻产量和氮素利用效率的影响。试验结果表明：与农民常规施肥处理（FP）比较,侧条施肥技术高缓释肥处理（HF）水稻氮素投入比农民常规施肥处理（FP）降低约40%,水稻产量没有显著降低,穗粒数比农民常规施肥处理增加了8.36%。侧条施肥技术显著提高了水稻地上部吸氮量和氮肥偏生产力,降低了氮素的表观损失量。侧条施肥各处理氮肥偏生产力在39.1～67.8之间,显著高于FP处理的23.7。FP处理氮素表观损失量高达174.2 kg＆#183;hm-2,侧条施肥各处理表观损失量在23.2～61.9 kg＆#183;hm-2之间。综合考虑水稻产量和环境因素,基于缓释肥料的侧条施肥技术是一种资源节约和环境友好的施肥技术。     

Resistance of Villages to Elevated-Road Traffic Noise

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the methods of reducing elevated-road traffic-noise levels in rural residential areas by controlling the relative locations and morphological parameters and to investigate the effect of noise barriers on noise attenuation along elevated roads and building facades in villages. This study selected six morphological parameters and used noise-mapping techniques to estimate the noise attenuation in 60 village sites. The results indicate that ‘quiet areas’ increase by approximately 10% for each additional 100 m increase in the distance between the elevated road and the village. The best strategy for noise reduction is keeping the elevated road 1,000 m away from the village and raising the road height to 20 m. The building façade conditions only affect the traffic noise level attenuation when the buildings are within 100 m of the elevated road. It was found that the cost-effective length of the road noise barrier is 600 m on both sides of the village parallel to the road. The results highlight the importance of using morphology to improve the traffic noise resistance of villages. The landscape shape indices of buildings and roads are the most important parameters that affect the traffic noise attenuation of elevated roads.     

四川省城市声环境质量状况与分析

根据四川省2007年城市功能区声环境、城市区域声环境和道路交通声环境数据,阐明全省城市声环境质量现状,分析城市声源构成、各等级声覆盖率及其变化趋势.与国内一般情况相比,四川省城市声源构成具有社会生活噪声影响范围更最广,交通噪声影响范围较小等特点.四川省城市环境质量状况总体上处于较好水平,且有逐年下降趋势.同时,存在部分不同程度的噪声污染区,甚至存在一定程度的重度污染区.