Environment and cancer in Shanghai

Shanghai is the biggest industrial city in China, and the problem of environmental pollution is rather serious. This article, taking Shanghai as an example, is to discuss: a general view of Shanghai's environment; the present situation and characteristics of cancer in Shanghai; analyses of the environmental factors of some kinds of cancers. The paper emphasizes the relationship between the environment and cancer in Shanghai, especially the environmental pollution and cancer. The aim of the article is not only to call people's concern to the pollution , but also to study the causes of some cancers.     

Degradation of chlorobenzuron in water and metabolism in fish

The degradation of pesticide 1-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)urea(CCU)in water and its accumulation and metabolism in fish were studied using HPLC method．The results of acute toxicity of both CCU and its naetabolites were also reported．The research demonstrated that CCU degraded quickly in aerobic aquatic environment and primary metabolites of CCU were 4-chlorophenyl urea and orthochlorobenzoic acid．Microorganisms play an important role for the degradation of CCU in water．Both the parents compound and its metabolites were not lethal to fish in tested concentration．The accumulation of CCU in fish was sunilar to that of dillubenzuron．The esterase in fish liver which could metabolized CCU was identified．The primary enzymatic degradation products of CCU is the same as that in water．     

Development and experience in the monitoring,assessment and control of environmentalpollutants in Hong Kong

The late start of environmental protection in Hong Kong was discussed in the light of problems encountered during the development of environmental protection legislation in Hong Kong for the past 20 years. The collaboration in monitoring and assessment of environmental pollutants between the University of Hong Kong and various governments were descrbed in parallel with the progress in environmental protection in Hong Kong. The developments of new analytical techniques for environmental monitoring and analysis is given and their application in environmental control described. The joint projects in assessment and control of environmental pollutants carried out in collaboration with local industries and other organizations within and without the university are given and discussed. The problems and possible solution facing Hong Kong in development control equipment for small scale industries are discussed and areas of development identified. The development and experience in the monitoring assessment and co     

Detoxifying moniliformin in grains and water

ＤｅｔｏｘｉｆｙｉｎｇｍｏｎｉｌｉｆｏｒｍｉｎｉｎｇｒａｉｎｓａｎｄｗａｔｅｒＺｈａｎｇＨｏｎｇ，ＬｉＪｉｌｕｎＣｏｌｅｇｅｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎａＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００...     

Selenium metabolism in animals and humans

Ｓｅｌｅｎｉｕｍｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｉｎａｎｉｍａｌｓａｎｄｈｕｍａｎｓ￥Ｐ．Ｄ．Ｗｈａｎｇｅｒ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ，ＯｒｅｇｏｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｏｒｅｇｏｎ９７３３１－７３０１，ＵＳＡ）Ａｂｓｔ...     

Mercury pollution and control in China

Before 1970s the Second Songhua River and Ji Canal of China had been polluted seriously by mercury. During peak pollution period, mercury levels in water, sediment and fish body of these rivers were close to or even higher than that of famous Minamata Bay of Japan. Some residents who live near to the polluted rivers were affected and the methyl mercury values in their blood, hair and urine were higher than normal people obviously . Since the fish had decreased even vanished in these rivers, so the food chain that transfers mercury to human also was out off almostly. However, nervous symptoms of Minamata disease were discovered among fisherman who had eaten more fishes. This report relates the stories about the mercury pollution of the Second Songhua River and Ji Canal.     

Water pollution and its control in China

Based on comprehensive analysis of the status, major characteristics and regulation of regional differentiation of water pollution in China, the following counter measures for control water pollution were suggested: Overall planning and rational allocation; Comprehensive utilization and technical reform; Strengthening environmental management and the legal system.     

Sustainability and environmental enhancement in changing circumstances

Natural environment has endured fast economic growth and population explosion since the 20th century, which has brought a lot of problems. Global environmental change, soil erosion, land desertification, ozone layer depletion, bio-diversity reduction and persistent toxic and harmful pollutants are among the major environmental challenges.     

Mercury consumption and contamination of environment in gold mining in China

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｇｏｌｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａｇｒｏｗｓｕｐｑｕｉｃｋｌｙｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｒａｔｅｏｆａｂｏｕｔ 10 %ｓｉｎｃｅ 90’ｓ.Ｉｎ 1995,ｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｇｏｌｄｗａｓｏｖｅｒ10 0ｔｏｎｓ/ａ,ａｎｄｉｎ 1996ｒｅａｃｈｅｄ 12 0ｔｏｎｓ/ａ .Ｉｔｉｓｒａｎｋｅｄｓｉｘｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ(Ｃｈａｎｇ ,1995) .Ｔｈｅｉｒｍａｉｎｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅｓｏｆｇｏｌｄｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎａｒｅ :(1)ｃｙａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｏｔａｌｏｒｅ ｃａｒｂｏ…     

Coupling of water and land resources and its application in regionalization

ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅｏｆｃｏｕｐｌｉｎｇｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｄｅｃｉｄｅｄｂｅｃａｕｓｅｔｈｅｆａｃｔｏｒｓｏｆｗａｔｅｒａｎｄｌａｎｄｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｈａｖｅｖａｒｉｅｄｅｆｅｃｔｓｏｎｄｉｆｅｒｅｎｔｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｓ，ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，ｔｏｂｕｉ...     

Interactions of zinc and cadmium toxicity in their effects on growth and in antioxidative systems in tomato plants （Solanum lycopersicum）

The interaction between zinc and cadmium was investigated in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). Ten-day-old seedlings were treated with 10 mol/L CdCl2 associated to di erent concentrations of ZnCl2 (10, 50, 100, and 150 mol/L). Zn supply clearly reduced Cd accumulation in leaves and simultaneously increased Zn concentration. Cd induced oxidative stress in leaves as indicated by an increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) level and chlorophyll breakdown. Furthermore, compared with control, Cdtreated plants had significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), whereas, catalase (CAT, EC 1.111.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) activities were significantly suppressed by Cd addition. Zn supplementation, at low level, restored and enhanced the functional activity of these enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX and GR) as compared to Cd-alone-treated plants. The beneficial e ect of adequate Zn level on Cd toxicity was confirmed by a significant decrease in TBARS level and restoration of chlorophyll content. However, when Zn was added at high level in combination with Cd there was an accumulation of oxidative stress, which was higher than that for Cd or excess Zn alone treatments. These results suggested that higher Zn concentrations and Cd are synergistic in their e ect on plant growth parameters and oxidative stress.     

Climatic change and urbanization effect in China

Climatic change and urbanization effect in China during the last 39 years were investigated. It is found that a warming of about 0.23℃ for the annual temperature has been noticed from 1951 to 1989. The warmings of about 0.78 ℃ in winter and 0.34 3℃ in spring have been shown. It is also presented that a cooling of about -0.27℃ in summer has been indicated. The bigger cities are warmer than smaller cities in China. The dried trends in the annual precipitation during the last 39 years were presented. The precipitation decreased obviously in summer all over China. The bigger cities were drier than smaller cities.     

Environmental status and management in Chiba Prefecture

Chiba Prefecture is located in the east of Tokyo Metropolis. A large scale development of industrial and residential areas began in the late 1950s until then the main industries of the prefecture were agriculture and fisheries. During the past 30 years rapid industrialization and urbanization took place resulting in occurrence of various environmental problems.In an attempt to establish a better environment condition towards 21st century Chiba Prefecture has made Environmental Plan which all the municipal governments, enterprises and inhabitants should observe to realize better environment.     

Number concentration and size distributions of submicron particles in Jinan urban area： Characteristics in summer and winter

The aerosol number concentration and size distribution were measured with the newly developed Wide-range Particle Spectrometer in summer and winter of 2006 at the urban site of Jinan City.Here reported the characteristics of fine particles of the different observation seasons.Relative high number concentrations for the particles in the diameter range of 10-500 nm were observed in both seasons.It was found that the dominant number distributed in particle diameter smaller than 100 nm and the percentage over the number concentration of all air particles is much higher than what has been measured in other urban sites over the world.The number mean diameter in summer was much smaller than in winter,strongly suggesting the different origin of ultrafine particles in different seasons.That is, particles in ultrafine mode mainly came from nucleation and new particle formation in summer while from traffic emission in winter. The diurnal variation also supported this point.Number concentration in the diameter range of 10-200 nm got their peak values at noontime,well correlated with the mixing ratio of SO_2 and the intensity of solar radiation in summer.While in winter,those in the same diameter range showed the main peaks during the traffic hours happened in the morning and evening.     

Ammonia storage and slip under steady and transient state in close-coupled SCR

The close-coupled selective catalytic reduction(cc-SCR) catalyst is an effective technology to reduce tailpipe NOx emission during cold start. This paper investigated the optimal ammonia storage under steady and transient state in the cc-SCR. The study showed that a trade-off between NOx conversion efficiency and ammonia slip is observed on the pareto solutions under steady state, and the optimal ammonia storage is calculated with ammonia slip less than 10 μL/L based on the China Ⅵ emission legi...     

The role of science and technology in environmentally sound urbanization in China

In the process of accelerating industrialization,urbanization is inevitable and important to China's modernization drive. While people are cherishing the advantages of living in cities, the increasing negative impact of urbanization has to be put on the top of priority list. As urbanization proceeds, the existing pollution problem aggravates with not only increasing quantity of pollutants, but diversity as well. Science and technology have been contributing to urbanization process in both positive and negative ways. Nonetheless, the role of science an technology in promoting sustainable urbanization is increasingly important. China has been conducting environmental research and development since the early 1970's, and now is capable of supplying most technologies needed for urban environmental protection. To keep pace with the rapid urbanization process in China,environmental research and technology development should bestrengthened. This is mostly dependent on domestic resources withintroduction of advanced yet cost-effective technologies from therest of the world. With a survey of current urban environmental R & D in China and on-going activities of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), recommendations on future UCL(University College London)-CAS collaboration in the domain of urban environment aremade.     

Variations in oxygen and some related pollution parameters in some streams in ITU Area of Nigeria

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＰｈｙｓｉｃａｌａｎｄｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓａｒｅｏｆｇｒｅａｔｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅｔｏｔｈｅｗｏｒｋｉｎｇｏｆａｎｙａｑｕａｔｉｃｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ.Ｉｎｍｏｓｔｃａｓｅｓ,ｔｈｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒ...     

Nuclear power development and radiationsafety control in China

ＮｕｃｌｅａｒｐｏｗｅｒｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎｓａｆｅｔｙｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｉｎＣｈｉｎａＨｕＥｒｂａｎｇ（ＣｈｉｎａｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｆｏｒＲａｄｉａｔｉｏｎＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ，Ｔａｉｙｕａｎ０３０００６，Ｃｈｉｎａ）Ｎｕｃｌ...     

Suspended particulate and colloidal matter in natural waters

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｒｅｉｓｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｅｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅｔｈａｔｐａｒｔｉｔｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｓｏｌｉｄａｎｄａｑｕｅｏｕｓｐｈａｓｅｈａｓａｍａｊｏｒｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｎｔｈｅｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｅ,ｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔ,ｆａｔｅａｎ...     

Semivolatile organic compounds, organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in sediments and risk assessment in Huaihe River of China

The concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds, organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in sediments from Jiangsu reach of Huaihe River, China, were presented. The organic compounds were extracted by acetone： n-hexane using a Soxhlet apparatus and concentrations were performed using HP6890 gas chromatography coupled by FID and ECD detector. The total contents of 8 heavy metals by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry or cold-vapor/atomic absorption spectrometry were developed. 30 semivolatile organic compounds were detected, including substituted benzenes, phenols, phthalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, from 0.01 to 3.01 mg/kg. 16 organochlorine pesticides were almost detected and from 0.010 to 2.339 μg/kg. Concentrations of major metals were 50 mg/kg or less, mean level of mercury was only 0.055 mg/kg. Compared to sediment quality guidelines （SQGs）, concentrations of some semivolatilc organic compounds were high enough to cause possible toxic effects to living resources. The organochlorine pesticides presented relatively low, lower than threshold effect concentrations （TECs）, harmful effects on sediment-dwelling organisms were not expected. Chromium posed probable toxic effects to the living resources, other heavy metals had no threat temporarily according to SQGs.