基于卫星遥感数据的江西德兴铜矿开采环境影响动态监测分析

位于中国南方的江西省德兴矿山开采铜矿已有几十年历史.采矿行为会产生大量废石和尾、,这些废石和尾矿富含铁化合物,不断与氧气、雨水接触,将形成金属离子和酸根离子等污染物,随着降雨过程迅速在地表大面积扩散,最终流入矿山附近的河流、湖泊等水体,因此会造成植被污染、水环境恶化.基于卫星遥感数据源,针对江西德兴铜矿典型的矿山开采环境,对矿山开采环境内植被及水体的影响进行了动态监测分析,可为矿山合理开发、环境监测与可持续发展提供决策分析方法.     

用天然矿土处理铅锌选矿废水技术的研究

首次研究了用天然矿土处理铅锌选矿废水中Pb、Zn、As、Cd、Hg、Ni、Cu、Cr的技术条件和净化效果，研究表明，Pb、Zn的净化率为99%，As为81%，结果令人满意。     

某冶炼厂铅污染与健康的关系

本文通过对铅冶炼厂，包括选矿，烧结，熔炼等各工艺过程的劳动卫生学调查，以空气铅浓度的梯度分类，对相应的生产环境中作用人员进行了与铅中毒效应有关的体格检查，对职业性铅接触者进行体查和动态观察。     

汽车怠速空气补偿器的研制

汽车怠速空气补偿器可以使汽油机在怠速时间增加进入气缸的空气量，使汽油能在足量的空气中充分燃烧，从而减少尾中一氧化碳和碳氢化合物的浓度，经实例，本装置可以使汽车尾尾气中的一氧化碳浓度降低３０％以上，碳氢化合物浓度降低６０％以上。     

应用小鼠淋巴细胞彗星试验检测地下水遗传毒性

应用小鼠淋巴细胞彗星试验对长治市5个点位地下水水质作遗传毒性研究。结果表明,各水样有机浓集物均可对小鼠淋巴细胞DNA产生不同程度的遗传损伤,随着剂量的增加,Olive尾矩与阴性对照组(0.72±0.09)相比均有显著性差异(P0.05,P0.01)。在试验浓度范围内,以彗星尾部DNA含量、彗星尾长、尾矩和Olive尾矩所指示的DNA损伤程度随剂量增大而逐渐增加,存在显著的剂量-效应关系,其相关系数0.815。     

海南昌江石碌钴铜矿尾矿库重金属污染环境现状调查

为了解海南省昌江县石碌镇钴铜矿尾矿库环境特点,分别采集了矿砂、背景土壤、废水、纳污水体和植物进行分析。结果表明,钴铜矿尾矿库的土壤受As和Cu污染严重,周边土壤受到不同程度的重金属污染;废水经过尾矿库沉淀处理后,SS、As、Cu、Co、Fe等监测指标均有所降低,尾矿库起到沉淀吸附处理作用;纳污河流石碌河水质良好;尾矿库内自然生长的菖蒲和水竹均受到重金属不同程度污染,尾矿库内的甘蔗中Cr、Pb含量均超过食品中污染物限量标准,表明尾矿库内不宜种植可食用作物。     

湖北典型矿冶城市土壤重金属污染评价及源解析

通过对湖北省典型矿冶城市表层土壤采样,测定其中Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn等8种重金属的质量比,探究土壤重金属空间分布与污染程度,并定量分析各污染源的贡献率。结果表明:Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn污染严重且具有类似的污染空间分布,均在工矿活动区域富集,Co和Cu高值区均出现在铜矿附近。Cd、Cr和Cu污染程度较高,对土壤生态环境有较大的不利影响。研究区内主要受综合采矿源、铜矿采矿-冶炼源影响,对土壤重金属的贡献率分别为41%和31%。     

水泥厂水泥磨采用袋式除尘器的研究与实践

水泥厂水泥磨尾除尘采用袋式除尘器，经常出现选型、保温、除尘效率低、故障率高等情况．作者就出现的问题，在设备选型、工况计算、滤料搭配和保温等方面进行了论述，并结合实际提出了切实可行的措施。     

HNO3—KI—MIBK萃取／原子吸收光谱法测定固体废物浸提液中的微量银

采用选择性较好的HNO3-KI-MIBK萃取体系对铋渣和尾矿渣浸出液中的痕量银进行预分离富集后，用火焰原子吸收法（AAS）进行测定，此法不仅变异系数小（约为3.1%)，而且检出限比直接火焰AAS法降低两个数量级，达0.5ng/ml。另外，还就样品细度对银测定结果的影响原因做了初步探讨。     

新疆地表水水质现状分析

以2008年新疆环保系统的水质例行监测结果为基础，分析了新疆地表水水质现状。结果显示，全疆57条监测河流Ⅰ～Ⅲ类优良水质断面比例为81．9％，29座监测湖库Ⅰ～Ⅲ类优良水质比例为55．2％，总体上全疆地表水污染尚不严重，水质污染主要集中在少数流经城市河流的下游河段以及尾间湖和纳污水库，且不同区域间的水体污染程度和比例存在一定差别。     

绍兴市典型印染废水中重金属锑排放现状及排放源调查

分析和统计的86家印染工业企业当中,废水总排口中的总锑超标率为25.6%,质量浓度0.050 mg/L以下较低排放浓度所占比例最大,达62.8%。印染废水锑排放源主要有涤棉和涤纶化纤类布料的染色、印花工艺废水,碱减量工艺废水等,工业液碱、废酸以及硫酸铝污水处理剂等原料当中含锑浓度较高。印染废水经污水处理厂集中纳管深度处理后,锑排放浓度较低,锑去除效率最高达到88.0%,大大降低了环境地表水体锑污染的风险。     

含锑工业废水的样品保存方法研究

选取5-Br-PADAP光度法和原子吸收法分析预处理后水样的保存效果，经检测发现利用HNO，-HC1溶液作为固定剂，调节pH〈1后在无色玻璃瓶中贮存的样品，常温下可保存31d，锑回收率达95％以上，同时前处理带入的干扰离子最少，能够满足验收废水监测中质量控制要求。     

Impact of distillery effluent application to land on soil microflora

A pot culture experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different treatments of distillery wastewater, i.e. raw, treated, diluted and raw distillery wastewater mixed with domestic waste stabilization pond effluent (1:1) on populations of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and nitrogen fixing bacteria. The results indicated that raw wastewater decreased the population of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. The growth rates of Rhizobium and Azotobacter were also reduced after raw wastewater application. The toxic effect of raw wastewater was minimized when it was mixed with stabilization pond effluent (1:1), this was demonstrated by an increase in the populations of all the microorganisms studied. When a groundnut plant was irrigated with raw distillery wastewater, no fruits were produced and there was also less nodulation. This study indicates that raw distillery wastewater is very toxic to the soil microorganisms which are important in the soil ecosystem.     

气浮+磷酸铵镁化学沉淀法处理铝材行业氟化氢铵表面处理废水

针对铝材企业NH4HF2表面处理废水含有高浓度的NHs-N和F-等特点,采用气浮+磷酸铵镁(MAP)化学沉淀法对NH4HF2废水进行预处理,可达到目标处理效果,再引入氧化废水池进一步处理,继而达标排放.经验证,该方法是一种技术可行、经济合理的NH4 HF2废水处理方法.     

Assessing the feasibility of wastewater recycling and treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment units

Wastewater reuse can significantly reduce environmental pollution and save the water sources. The study selected Cheng-Ching Lake water treatment plant in southern Taiwan to discuss the feasibility of wastewater recycling and treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment units. The treatment units of this plant include wastewater basin, sedimentation basin, sludge thickener and sludge dewatering facility. In this study, the treatment efficiency of SS and turbidity were 48.35–99.68% and 24.15–99.36%, respectively, showing the significant removal efficiency of the wastewater process. However, the removal efficiencies of NH₃–N, total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are limited by wastewater treatment processes. Because NH₃–N, TOC and COD of the mixing supernatant and raw water are regulated raw water quality standards, supernatant reuse is feasible and workable during wastewater processes at this plant. Overall, analytical results indicated that supernatant reuse is feasible.     

Influence of different textile fibers on characterization of dyeing wastewater and final effluent

Textile industry needs to recover and reuse its wastewater as to fulfil the demand of increasingly strict regulations. The characterization of dyeing wastewater samples according to textile fiber and final textile effluent enables the application of different treatment methods. This study aims to characterize dyeing wastewater in black color of polyamide, polyester, and viscose fibers and final textile effluent. Samples were collected and characterized completely for major pollution indicator parameters. Dyeing wastewater of polyester showed higher values for some parameters, e.g., 4994.44% (49,944,400 mg L^?1 and 917 NTU) of turbidity and 4100.00% of phenol when compared to dyeing wastewater of other fibers. Other parameters such as pH, alkalinity, color, phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfides, chlorides, oil and grease, dissolved solids, and chemical and biochemical oxygen demand were also assessed. In addition to individual characterization, this study also presents a correlation of the contribution of each parameter to the final textile effluent. Although dyeing wastewater of polyamide contributes the most in terms of quantity for the final effluent, this study revealed that dyeing wastewater of polyester influenced the most on the final composition of the textile wastewater when evaluating color, turbidity, total iron, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, phenol, mercury, oil and grease, and total phosphorus. The present study is focused on bringing new insights to provide future research with other strategies to improve the treatment of dyeing wastewater. In addition, some suggestions are also given for wastewater treatments according to type of textile fiber.     

焦化废水生化处理过程中溶解性有机物及毒性变化规律

焦化废水中的溶解性有机物(DOM)作为废水污染物和毒性的主要来源受到广泛关注。厌氧-缺氧-好氧(A-A-O)生物法联合混凝沉淀工艺在焦化废水处理中被广泛应用。于2018年4,7和11月分别采集4座焦化废水处理厂废水,采用光谱学分析手段和水生生物急性毒性试验对A-A-O联合混凝沉淀处理过程中焦化废水的DOM和毒性变化进行分析。结果表明,焦化废水中含有大量不饱和芳香性物质,其中类色氨酸、络氨酸物质占主导,其次为类溶解性微生物代谢产物、类富里酸物质和类腐殖酸类物质;未经处理的焦化废水对藻类和大型溞的急性毒性等级为中毒至高毒。A-A-O联合混凝沉淀处理可去除90%以上的类色氨酸、络氨酸和类富里酸物质,但对类腐殖酸类物质去除率相对较低,仅为约80%,关键去除段为缺氧段和好氧段;该工艺对焦化废水急性毒性削减率为80.51%~94.30%,关键削减段为厌氧段。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,焦化废水溶解性总有机碳(TOC)、类腐殖酸类物质荧光组分C1和类富里酸类物质荧光组分C4与废水急性毒性存在显著正相关关系,可利用其作为水样急性毒性初筛的指示性指标。可为焦化废水生化处理的效能优化和废水毒性控制及安全评估提供科学支撑。     

Quality of wastewater reuse in agricultural irrigation and its impact on public health

This study is planned to perform a sanitary survey of the largest sewage treatment plant in Riyadh, KSA, fortnightly for 6 months to examine its effluent quality as an example for the growing dependence on reuse of treated municipal wastewater in agricultural irrigation purposes to cope with increasing water shortage. The biological and physico-chemical parameters of 12 wastewater samples from the plant were examined using standard methods. The physico-chemical analysis indicated that the surveyed municipal wastewater treatment plant contained some of the studied parameters, such as turbidity, total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and residual chlorine above the maximum permissible wastewater limits set by the Saudi Standards. However, heavy metal concentrations in all samples were lower than the recommended standards. Total and faecal coliform counts were above the permissible limits indicating poor sanitation level. Fifty percent of all wastewater samples were contaminated with faecal coliforms but, surprisingly, Escherichia coli were only detected in 8.3 % of the samples. Regular monitoring and enhancement of microbial and physico-chemical parameters of the wastewater quality served by different wastewater treatment plants for reuse in agricultural irrigation is recommended to preserve the environment and public health.     

气相色谱法测定废水中的茚及芳烃混合物

本文采用气相色谱法，选择中等极性的Ｔｒｉｃｒｅｓｙｌｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅ与高沸点的非极性ＡｐｉｅｚｏｎＬ配成混合固定液，测定工业废水中的茚及芳烃混合物。该方法灵敏度高，再现性好，简便快速，适合测定化工、制漆、制茚树脂生产所排放的废水，同时也能检出受苯系物及高沸点的不饱合物萘等多组分污染的水体