生物质锅炉故障树分析

根据锅炉系统的结构和功能的层次分解模型,对常见故障逐层进行分析诊断,采用故障树分析法,来描述系统故障和故障原因的逻辑关系,为锅炉系统的故障诊断、专家系统应用、面向对象技术的广义故障树知识表达和故障诊断推理控制奠定了基础。     

FTA在生物质循环流化床锅炉中的应用研究

根据FTA（故障树分析）的方法对生物质锅炉独特的三大故障：积灰、结焦、磨损逐层进行分析诊断,采用故障树分析法,来描述系统故障和故障原因的逻辑关系,为生物质锅炉系统的故障诊断、专家系统应用、面向对象技术的广义故障树知识表达和故障诊断推理控制奠定了基础。     

消防控制故障诊断专家系统的知识获取与表示

根据消防控制故障诊断专家系统的特性,提出了产生式规则的知识表示方法.设计出了消防控制故障诊断专家系统的模型,利用该系统模型已开发出了消防控制故障诊断专家系统原型.     

燃煤电厂袋式除尘专家系统开发研究

开发了一种袋式除尘系统故障专家诊断方法,用于诊断整个袋式除尘系统的故障现象,通过现场数据采集、操作人员与专家系统的人机对话对故障现象进行分析、推理,并做出相应的解决方案指导操作人员排查故障.燃煤电厂袋式除尘专家系统以知识库、推理机为核心,实现整个袋式除尘系统的设备故障诊断功能和维修故障指导功能,辅以解释机构,人机界面来指导用户如何准确无误地操作运行本系统和袋式除尘控制系统.系统被划分为4个模块:专家系统简介模块,在线故障诊断模块,离线故障诊断模块和专家指导模块.     

基于系统动力学的井喷事故仿真研究

为动态预测井喷事故发展过程,在分析导致井喷事故主要因素的基础上,结合系统动力学的相关原理,构建井喷事故系统仿真流图,并运用系统动力学仿真软件Vensim对井喷事故的整体流程进行仿真,实现了对油气井安全水平的动态监测和预警。结果表明:井喷事故的发生是由人为因素、管理因素、环境因素、设备因素和法律法规因素四大子系统的交叉耦合作用而导致整个油气井系统的安全水平低于井喷事故的安全临界点所造成的。     

事故预测专家系统（AFES）的设计

事故预测是安全决策科学化的基础，事故预测学是近年发展起来的一门边缘学科，试图运用人工智能思想，建立一个将定量预测模型和专家知识经验结合起来的智能化事故预测专家系统，并对预测专家系统的结构、专家知识的获取和表达等问题，进行了初步研究。作者认为，将计算机专家系统领域的最新成果引入到事故预测学中，将是事故预测方法论发展的一个重要方向。     

基于模糊神经网络的火灾事故处理专家系统研究

以系统科学和行为科学理论为基础,结合人工神经网络、模糊推理与计算机技术,形成基于模糊神经网络的火灾事故处理专家系统,在火灾发生时为事故处理指挥人员提供良好的决策支持.本文首先给出了基于模糊神经网络的火灾事故处理专家系统的总体框架（任务管理模块,知识库与数据库管理和维护,火灾事故模型管理系统,解释机构,推理机控制系统,信号采集与处理以及结果输出模块）,并说明了各模块的功能;然后着重介绍了该专家系统中知识表示与获取方法,即将计算智能与符号智能结合起来解决专家系统知识获取的“瓶颈”问题;最后介绍该专家系统中知识库建立的方法以及所采用的推理机制,即模糊推理与规则推理相结合的推理方法.     

基于网络分析的矿井通风智能诊断专家系统

提出了矿井通风智能诊断专家系统来解决通风系统故障诊断问题,设计了矿井通风智能诊断专家系统知识库和推理机,提出用逐步线性回归分析法确定可能引起某巷道风速超限的风路集合.在知识库中把通风系统故障原因详细归类,在专家系统推理机中进一步缩小了故障范围并推断故障原因.给出了矿井通风智能诊断专家系统推理流程并设计了用户接口,故障诊断结果图可以直接显示故障巷道范围、故障原因及故障巷道列表.最后对大明矿进行了工业试验,智能诊断专家系统的故障诊断结果与实际结果一致,验证了系统的可行性.     

证据实时更新的海上平台采油树系统动态风险评估方法研究

海上平台采油树系统是油气生产的重要设备之一。为研究证据实时更新的采油树系统动态风险评估问题,提出了基于动态贝叶斯网络、物元理论和证据理论的海上平台采油树系统动态风险评估方法。首先,根据采油树结构组成和故障率等,建立动态贝叶斯网络结构模型和参数模型;其次,依据物元理论对各故障模式的失效后果进行量化分析;最后,将新加入的证据转化为风险区间,计算采油树系统的风险区间,并对风险进行预测。以某采油树为例,对构建的模型进行了实证研究。结果表明：失效后果最严重的关键部件是采油树本体;对于采油树系统的各类阀门,最主要的故障模式是开关故障和阀门外漏;随着新证据的增加,风险区间的不确定性减小;采油树系统的套管翼阀、节流阀和地面安全阀风险偏高,需要采取相应的预防措施,以保证采油树系统的安全可靠运行。     

成套装置动态风险管理专家系统

传统的设备管理模式造成设备非计划停机次数较多、故障频繁、可靠性和可用性不高等问题。为了解决上述问题,开发了成套装置动态风险管理专家系统,该系统包括动态风险监控、数据存储、失效模式及损伤机理判别、动态风险评估、风险辅助分析5个流程。该系统通过GIS平台进行展示,使用户可以直观、方便地查找、定位管线和容器位置,实现了高风险设备的风险展示、管道剩余寿命不足报警功能和管道冲蚀图例展示。将该专家系统进行了工程应用,得到容器和管道的潜在损伤机及其风险等级,针对不同风险等级的设备,生成了不同的检维修策略,为工程应用带来了很大的方便。     

Improved qualitative fault propagation analysis

Fault propagation analysis is the cornerstone to assure safe operation, optimized maintenance, as well as for the management of abnormal situations in chemical and petrochemical plants. Due to plant complexity and dynamic changes in plant conditions, current approaches have major limitations in identifying all possible fault propagation scenarios. This is due to the lack of realistic equipment and fault models. In this paper, practical framework is proposed to synthesize and assess all possible fault propagation scenarios based on robust modeling methodology. Fault models are constructed where deviations are identified and associated with symptoms, faults, causes, and consequences. Fault models are tuned using real time process data, simulation data, and human experience. The proposed system is developed and applied on case study experimental plant.     

Modeling the effects of production pressure on safety performance in construction projects using system dynamics

Introduction: Construction incidents occur due to system failures, not due to a single factor such as unsafe behavior or condition. Therefore, construction safety should be investigated using a systematic view capable of illustrating the complex nature of incidents. Construction projects are also often behind their planned schedule and suffer from various pressures caused by contractual deadlines or clients. Previous studies demonstrated that such pressures negatively affect safety performance; however, the process of how production pressure influences safety performance is not fully investigated. Method: The present research aimed to understand the feedback mechanism of how production pressure interactively affects safety performance and safety-related managerial components in a construction project. Ground theory method (GTM) is used to create a conceptual causal loop diagram that shows the relationship between incident rate and other variables such as labor hour, actual and planned progress, safety climate, rework, and safety training. Moreover, a power plant construction project was used as a case study to practically investigate the conceptual model; a case study is employed to build a System Dynamics (SD) model. The simulation model was then validated using behavior reproduction and sensitivity analysis. Results: The results of the inequality statistics show that the simulation model can be used to forecast trends in the incident rate.     

基于安全性目标的车辆维护周期数学模型研究

本研究旨在建立一个相应于不同的给定的行驶安全性的车辆最优维护周期数学模型，同时，利用汽车制动系、转向系等系统或装置的运行故障分布参数，求出了不同安全性水平下该数学模型的解。还依据原始数据，给出了同样基于行驶安全性目标的汽车维护周期允许上限。本研究结果可用于指导汽车维护工作，而且对保证或提高在用车辆的行驶安全性具有重要的作用     

矿井火灾计算机模拟研究

介绍了国内外矿井火灾计算机模拟技术发展的历史和现状。将现有的矿井火灾计算机摸拟方法分为稳态模拟、一维瞬态模拟和多维瞬态模拟，并对其特点进行了分析和评     

Methodology for Computer-Aided Fault Tree Analysis

Fault tree analysis is a systematic, deductive and probabilistic risk assessment tool which elucidates the causal relations leading to a given undesired event. Quantitative fault tree (failure) analysis requires a fault tree and failure data of basic events. Development of a fault tree and subsequent analysis require a great deal of expertise, which may not be available all the time. Computer-aided fault tree analysis is an easy-to-use approach, which not only provides reliable results but also facilitates the validation and repeatability of the analysis. This enhances the overall results of the fault tree analysis and quantitative risk analysis.This paper presents a revised methodology for computer-aided fault tree analysis. The methodology includes fault tree development, minimal cutsets determination, cutsets optimization and probability analysis. The methodology uses advanced concepts of fault tree development and static and dynamic modularizing for complex and large fault trees. Furthermore, it enables sensitivity analysis of the system for design modification and risk-based decision making. Application of the proposed methodology to a process system is also discussed in the paper.     

中国林业安全生产和安全科学技术发展现状和水平

从林业安全生产特点及其状况、林业安全管理和安全科学技术的发展、林业安全教育与培训等方面,简要论述了林业安全生产的特殊性,林业安全生产的现状和有关曲线图及分布图;我国林业系统当前安全管理体系、专业队伍情况;安全管理技术的研究、应用和进展;安全科学技术研究、应用情况;安全科学研究机构、学术理论及林业安全技术研究、运用状况以及林业安全教育体系、方式等问题。     

Fault detection and diagnostics of a three-phase separator

A high demand of oil products on daily basis requires oil processing plants to work with maximum efficiency. Oil, water and gas separation in a three-phase separator is one of the first operations that are performed after crude oil is extracted from an oil well. Failure of the components of the separator introduces the potential hazard of flammable materials being released into the environment. This can escalate to a fire or explosion. Such failures can also cause downtime for the oil processing plant since the separation process is essential to oil production. Fault detection and diagnostics techniques used in the oil and gas industry are typically threshold based alarm techniques. Observing the sensor readings solely allows only a late detection of faults on the separator which is a big deficiency of such a technique, since it causes the oil and gas processing plants to shut down.A fault detection and diagnostics methodology for three-phase separators based on Bayesian Belief Networks (BBN) is presented in this paper. The BBN models the propagation of oil, water and gas through the different sections of the separator and the interactions between component failure modes and process variables, such as level or flow monitored by sensors installed on the separator. The paper will report on the results of the study, when the BBNs are used to detect single and multiple failures, using sensor readings from a simulation model. The results indicated that the fault detection and diagnostics model was able to detect inconsistencies in sensor readings and link them to corresponding failure modes when single or multiple failures were present in the separator.     

煤矿本质安全化管理体系建立及其应用的探讨

运用安全系统工程中的事故树理论,以瓦斯爆炸事故为例分析了煤矿中的7类主要事故,并得出相应的事故树。通过对事故树的定性分析,得出事故树的最小径集和基本事件重要度排序。进而可预测基本事件的发生所能够导致的结果,可根据各基本事件的重要度排序,确定避免发生事故应采取的基本措施,并建立了煤矿本质安全化管理体系。设计出煤矿本质安全化管理体系的软件,并以瓦斯爆炸事故为例,分析了该管理体系在实际中的应用效果。     

石化企业伤亡事故率的系统动力学仿真

针对石化企业伤亡事故率的复杂性和与企业运行的系统相关性,为了科学地预测伤亡事故率,提出了利用系统动力学对石化企业伤亡事故率进行仿真试验的方法.在对石化企业伤亡事故率进行了系统动力学分析之后,建立了石化企业伤亡事故率系统动力学仿真模型,对某石化企业进行了仿真试验,并分析了仿真试验的结果.试验应用表明,利用系统动力学对石化企业伤亡事故率进行仿真是科学有效的.