水俣氧化铁对废水中某些放射性核素的吸附研究

研究了水合氧化物对＾１０６Ｒｕ，＾９０Ｓｒ－＾９０Ｙ，＾１３７ＣＳ及＾１５３－１５４Ｅｕ的吸附规律。结果表明，水合氧化物对Ｒｕ、Ｓｒ、Ｙ及Ｅｕ有良好的吸附性能，对Ｃｓ有一定的吸附性。Ｆｅ／Ｚｎ混合氧化物对Ｃｓ和Ｓｒ－Ｖ的吸附能力比水合氧化铁高一个数量级。     

土壤,矿物质对^60Co的吸附

研究了土壤,矿物质对＾６０Ｃｏ的吸附与水浸解吸。结果表明,（１）土壤,矿物质对＾６０Ｃｏ具有较强的吸附能力,饱和吸附率为６８．６％－９７．１％,分配系数为２２－３５７ｃｍ＾３／ｇ;吸附率和分配系数大小顺序两者相同;硅藻土〉青紫泥〉红黄壤〉高岭土〉珍珠岩〉粉泥土。（２）＾６０Ｃｏ被土壤,矿物质吸附后不易解吸,解吸率１％左右,大小顺序内壤〉粉泥土〉高岭土〉珍珠岩〉青紫泥〉硅藻土。     

共存离子对硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）处理含铬废水的影响研究

报道了用硫酸盐还原菌（ＳＲＢ）处理含铬（ＶＩ）废水时，共存离子Ｓｒ＾２＋，Ｃｄ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋，ＵＯ＾２＋２，Ａｇ＾＋和Ｃｌ＾－，ＳＯ２－４，ＣＯ＾２－３，ＳｉＦ＾２－６，ＥＤＴＡ柠檬酸根等存在的时的影响，在铬（ＶＩ）为５０μｇ／ｍＬ，菌量一定的条件下，铬的去除率可达８５％以上，共存离子与铬（ＶＩ）的摩尔比为４时影响较为显著，Ｃｄ＾２＋和Ａｇ＾＋使铬的去除量降低，ＵＯ＾２＋２，Ｓｒ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾     

活性硅酸混凝剂PFASSC处理造纸废水

利用硅酸钠、硫酸铝、三氯化铁和硫酸为主要原料制备了复合型活性硅酸混凝剂ＰＦＡＳＳＣ并对造纸废水进行了处理，得到活性硅酸混凝剂ＰＦＡＳＳＣ最佳配方为：ＰＨ＝２．０（Ｆｅ＾３＋＋Ａｌ＾２）／ＳｉＯ２（摩尔比）＝１．５，Ｆｅ＾３＋／Ａｌ＾３＋（摩尔比）＝１．０，与常用混凝剂相比，ＰＦＡＳＳＣ混凝剂处理造纸废水对除浊、脱色和去除ＣＤＤＣｒ有更加优良的性能。     

交联壳聚糖对重金属离子的吸附性能研究

以海蟹壳为原料制备的壳聚糖在碱性条件下,经环氧氯丙烷交联制得水不溶性的交联壳聚糖,采用静态法研究交联壳聚糖对Ｃｕ＾２＋,Ｃｒ＾３＋,Ｎｉ＾２＋,Ｐｂ＾２＋,Ｚｎ＾２＋,Ｈｇ＾２＋等几种重金属离子的吸附性能及ｐＨ值对吸附性能的影响,探讨了它们的作用机理。     

接枝羧基淀粉去除水体中有毒重金属离子的研究

以可溶性淀粉为基体，经环氧氯丙烷交联，制备了交联淀粉。以Ｆｅ＾２＋－Ｈ２Ｏ为引发剂将丙烯腈单体接枝到交联淀粉上，再经过皂化制得水不溶性接枝羧基淀粉聚合物（ＩＳＣ）。通过红外光谱表征结构。用静态法和动态法研究ＩＳＣ去除水体中Ｃｄ＾２＋、Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｈｇ＾２＋、Ｃｒ２＋等离子的效果及ＰＨ值对去除效果的影响，并对其作用机理进行探讨。     

木屑处置漏油事故的室内模拟

用锯木屑作为吸附材料，0#柴油为吸附对象进行室内模拟实验，研究了木屑对纯油、水中浮油的吸附以及吸油后的木屑在水中的漂浮性能；并以木屑粒径、木屑投加量、振荡频率、油膜厚度为研究指标，设计了5因素4水平的正交实验，考察了各因素对0#柴油的吸附量、去除率以及木屑漂浮率的影响并对优化条件进行了讨论。结果表明，在实验研究范围内，木屑对水中柴油的吸附速度极快，1min即可达到饱和，饱和吸附量为8．08g／g；木屑在水中漂浮性能良好，静态时经72h漂浮，漂浮率维持在92％左右；振荡频率为150r／min时，72h内漂浮率维持在68％以上；最佳吸油条件组合为吸附剂粒径10～20目，振荡频率120r／min，木屑投加量0．7g，油膜厚度1．65mm。     

土壤、矿物质对60Co的吸附

研究了土壤、矿物质对60Co的吸附与水浸解吸.结果表明,(1)土壤、矿物质对60Co具有较强的吸附能力,饱和吸附率为68.6 %～97.1 %,分配系数为22～357 cm3/g;吸附率和分配系数大小顺序两者相同:硅藻土＞青紫泥＞红黄壤＞高岭土＞珍珠岩＞粉泥土.(2)60Co被土壤、矿物质吸附后不易解吸,解吸率1 %左右,大小顺序为红黄壤＞粉泥土＞高岭土＞珍珠岩＞青紫泥＞硅藻土.     

脱灰煤基活性炭吸附处理含镉废水简

考察了硝酸脱灰煤样自制活性炭对Cd（Ⅱ）的吸附去除特征。结果表明，随煤样粒径的减小，活性炭的吸附能力增强，吸附过程符合分形动力学特征；随着镉浓度的升高，活性炭对镉的吸附量增加，活性炭吸附镉符合Langmuir 等温方程，镉离子在活性炭上的吸附属单分子层吸附；煤基活性炭适宜的吸附除镉条件为粒径0.054 mm、Cd（Ⅱ）初始浓度35 mg/L、活性炭用量0.05 g、吸附时间1 h，此时的吸附容量达40 mg/g。     

提高固定膜光催化氧化净化器性能关键因素的研究

简单介绍了影响光催化氧化有机物反应速度的五个因素，通过分析找出影响光催化氧化有机物反应速度的主要因素，必须同时考虑反应内Ｅ（ｒ）和Ｓ（ｒ）相互综合因素对反应器自由基产生率的影响；通过实验方法找出对应不同功率光源的光催化载体最优半径τｏｐｔ具体数值，是提高固定模光催化氧化净水器性能的关键，如果是把固定化催化膜载体布置在半径τｏｐｄ的圆周上，就能充分利用光源的光能，在反应器有限的空间结构内使得适当强度     

固定化啤酒酵母菌对锶的吸附机制及热力学研究

以聚乙烯醇和海藻酸钠作为载体,制备了固定化啤酒酵母菌颗粒。研究了固定化啤酒酵母菌对锶的吸附机制和吸附热力学。结果表明:(1)吸附Sr2+后的固定化啤酒酵母菌的内部结构更松散,更有利于固定化啤酒酵母菌对Sr2+的吸附。(2)固定化啤酒酵母菌吸附Sr2+后,部分-OH参与了吸附,使形成的氢键部分断开,振动峰发生蓝移。另外,由于-NH2和-CO-NH-中的N原子可提供孤对电子与有空轨道的Sr2+配位,从而改变了基团的极性。(3)当Sr2+初始质量浓度为10～200mg/L时,固定化啤酒酵母菌对Sr2+的吸附同时符合Freundlich和Langmuir吸附模型,但符合Langmuir吸附模型的程度更优,这说明固定化啤酒酵母菌与Sr2+之间主要通过分子间引力产生吸附,是以单分子层吸附为主的物理吸附。     

Prediction of adsorption rate of phosphate removal from wastewater with gas concrete

Gas concrete, a conventional structural material, is used to remove phosphate from wastewater. A batch study of phosphate removal from wastewater with waste particles of gas concrete has been performed. The concentration-time graphs were plotted against pH, temperature, and agitation speed, and the reaction rate equation was adapted to adsorption. The differential method was used to define reaction rate. The adsorption rates, reaction rate constants, and reaction rates were determined by tangent lines of drawn curves at different concentrations, depending on pH, temperature, and agitation speed. The adsorption rate increased with pH and temperature. The maximum effect of agitation speed on the adsorption rate was observed at 150 rpm. The activation energy of reaction and the pre-exponential factor were calculated using the Arrhenius equilibrium equation. The zeta potentials of waste gas concrete were determined at various pH values. The surface area of gas concrete was obtained using BET apparatus as 22 m2/g. The composition of gas concrete was determined by X-ray diffractometry. The results indicate that gas concrete is an effective adsorbent to remove phosphate from wastewater.     

丙烯酸改性壳聚糖磁性颗粒处理模拟废水中氨氮

以去除水产养殖废水中的氨氮，寻找安全快速高效的吸附剂为目的。以壳聚糖为原料制备丙烯酸改性壳聚糖磁性颗粒，采用单因素及正交实验方法优化制备条件，研究振荡吸附条件对吸附量的影响，进行吸附等温模型和吸附动力学研究。结果表明，最佳制备条件，丙烯酸4 mL、磁流体0.75 g、过硫酸铵1 g、戊二醛1.5 mL；最佳吸附条件，废水pH值5~9、吸附剂浓度3 g/L、吸附时间10 min；吸附过程符合二级动力学模型，以化学吸附为主；液膜扩散为限速步骤；氨氮最大吸附量为77.16 mg/g，远高于其他传统吸附剂。研究表明，丙烯酸改性壳聚糖磁性颗粒对模拟水产养殖废水的氨氮去除效果显著，具有很好的应用前景。     

Modeling adsorption in multicomponent systems using a Freundlich-type isotherm

The suitability of a Freundlich-type isotherm, the Sheindorf-Rebuhn-Sheintuch (SRS) equation, to represent the competitive adsorption of Sr, Cs and Co in Ca-montmorillonite suspensions was investigated. Experimental adsorption data were obtained for systems containing these cations as single-component, binary and ternary mixtures. The competition coefficient α_ij, which were obtained based on the experimental adsorption data for bicomponent systems, can be viewed as a way to quantify competitive interactions. The competition coefficients obtained for the cations under consideration indicate that their competitive interactions are of similar magnitude, with the cation least affected by competitive effects being Cs, while the adsorption of Co was more significantly affected by the presence of Cs, and Sr by the presence of Co. After α_ij-values were substituted in the SRS equation, the adsorption of systems of three or more components could be predicted. To validate the SRS equation, the adsorption values predicted by this equation for the ternary mixture Sr---Cs--- Co were compared to values determined experimentally. The SRS equation successfully modeled adsorption for the range of concentrations that followed Freundlich behavior.     

Size dependence of in situ pH in submicron atmospheric particles in Hong Kong

Some studies have reported that small submicron atmospheric particles are more acidic than large submicron particles; other studies demonstrated a reversed trend. In this study, the size dependence of in situ pH in submicron particles in Hong Kong was investigated. The equivalent ratios of [NH₄⁺]_measured to [SO₄²⁻]_measured in submicron particles were found to be generally less than unity and size dependent, suggesting the possibility of incomplete gas–aerosol equilibrium. The Aerosol Inorganic Model-II (AIM-II) model using measured ionic compositions with the gas–aerosol partitioning disabled was used to estimate the in situ pH in different sized particles. The estimated in situ pH of different sized submicron atmospheric particles was between −2.5 and 1.5 and it generally decreases with increasing submicron particle size. At such low in situ pH, the estimated HSO₄⁻ equivalent concentrations were 3.2 times (on average) of those of H⁺ in different sized particles. The trends of the size dependence of the [NH₄⁺]_measured to [SO₄²⁻]_measured ratio and pH under different regimes of relative humidity are discussed.     

Provenances of atmospheric dust over Korea from Sr–Nd isotopes and rare earth elements in early 2006

Sr and Nd isotopic composition of pre- and syn-Asian dust (Hwangsa) particles collected from three different water depths at two different offshore sites, western Korea and rare earth elemental composition of syn-Asian dust particles collected from three islands around the Korean Peninsula in late April 2006 were analyzed to interpret their provenance. The dust Sr–Nd isotopic compositions vary spatiotemporally, but they show specific values when the Hwangsa event occurred. Satellite images, airmass backward trajectory modeling, and comparison with Sr–Nd isotopic ratios and rare earth elements compositions of soils and desert sands of northern China all suggest the major source of dust particles for the late April 2006 Hwangsa event to be the Mu Us Desert in northern China. Dust particles of the pre-Hwangsa period include both background dusts and the previous Hwangsa event dust particles, and they are interpreted to have been originated from various arid regions of China such as the Hobq Desert, the Mu Us Desert, and the Taklamakan Desert in different times. Different background dust sources during pre-Hwangsa period in early 2006 resulted from the changing route of the westerlies.     

污泥吸附剂对3种染料吸附动力学的研究

以污水厂脱水污泥、锯末和焦油的混合物为原料，选择ZnCl₂为活化剂制备出过渡孔发达、强度大的污泥吸附剂（S-AC）。借助BET、FT-IR等现代分析测试方法对污泥吸附剂进行表征，同时，研究了吸附剂对酸性大红、中性红和碱性品红吸附动力学行为。结果表明，制得的污泥吸附剂BET比表面积为358 m²/g，强度大于89%。吸附剂的动力学数据均符合伪二阶动力学方程、液膜扩散方程和颗粒内扩散方程，其中液膜扩散为吸附剂对酸性大红吸附过程的主控步骤，颗粒内扩散为吸附剂对中性红和碱性品红吸附过程的主控步骤。     

Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对全氟辛烷磺酸盐的吸附

采用共沉淀法合成Fe3O4纳米磁性颗粒,用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）以及振动样品磁强计（VSM）对Fe3O4纳米磁性颗粒的粒径、形貌和磁性进行表征并研究Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对全氟辛磺酸盐的吸附。结果表明：在PFOS初始浓度4 mg/L,pH为3,反应时间24 h,Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒投加量1.25 g/L,对全氟辛磺酸盐去除率达到90%。Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对PFOS的吸附符合Freundlich吸附方程。     

Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对全氟辛烷磺酸盐的吸附

采用共沉淀法合成Fe3O4纳米磁性颗粒,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)以及振动样品磁强计(VSM)对Fe3O4纳米磁性颗粒的粒径、形貌和磁性进行表征并研究Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对全氟辛磺酸盐的吸附。结果表明:在PFOS初始浓度4 mg/L,pH为3,反应时间24 h,Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒投加量1.25 g/L,对全氟辛磺酸盐去除率达到90%。Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对PFOS的吸附符合Freundlich吸附方程。     

Removal of arsenic(V) from aqueous solutions using iron-oxide-coated modified activated carbon.

Removal of arsenic(V) from aqueous solutions was evaluated with the following three different sorption materials: coal-based activated carbon 12 x 40 (activated carbon), iron(II) oxide (FeO)/activated carbon-H, and iron oxide. The apparent characteristics and physical chemistry performances of these adsorbents were investigated by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, and scanning electronic microscope. Also, batch experiments for arsenic removal were performed, and the effects of pH value on arsenic(V) removal were studied. The results suggest that the main phases of the iron oxide surface are magnetite, maghemite, hematite, and goethite; fine and uniform iron oxide particles can cover activated carbon surfaces and affect the surface area or pore structures of activated carbon; adsorption kinetics obey a pseudo-first-order rate equation; and adsorption capacities of adsorbents are affected by the values of pH. The optimum value of pH for iron oxide lies in a narrow range between 4.0 and 5.5, and arsenic(V) removal by FeO/activated carbon-H is ideal and stable in the pH range 3 to 7, while activated carbon has the lowest adsorption capacity in the entire pH range. Also, the adsorption characteristics of FeO/activated carbon-H composites and virgin activated carbon match well the Langmuir adsorption model, while those of iron oxide fit well the Freundlich adsorption model.