矿业、冶金工业三废处理与综合利用

提出一种采用流态化技术,还原回收硫铁矿渣(灰)中铁元素的工艺流程,并对流程中的流态化还原炉进行了初步的物料、热量衡算。同时对该工艺流程技术经济作了比较,认为该工艺流程技术可靠,有直接经济效益,综合利用硫铁矿渣(灰)中的铁元素,消除渣(灰)对环境的污染。图1表1参11X757.3·9601081冷冻盐析法处理硫酸废液技术/方汉昭(本钢综合工业公司)//环境工程/冶金部建筑研究总院一1995,13(4)一7~9环信X一2右 介绍利用“冷冻盐析法”处理硫酸酸洗废液的工艺原理和工艺规程。依据硫酸亚铁溶解度一硫酸深度一溶液温度三个主要参数的变化规律,特别…     

用硫铁矿烧渣生产氧化铁黄新工艺

利用硫铁矿烧渣氨法生产氧化铁黄的新工艺,采用流态化还原技术处理硫铁矿烧渣,并在生产铁黄的二步氧化过程中运用文氏管射流氧化技术.     

硫铁矿渣砌筑砂浆在淮阴通过鉴定

磷肥生产过程中要排出大量废渣—硫铁矿渣。一座年产5万吨的磷肥厂,一年就有近10万吨的硫铁矿渣。淮阴市清江磷肥厂,几年来厂内堆积的硫铁矿渣达30多万吨,尤如一座小山,不仅侵占了厂区20来亩土地,而且污染了环境。江苏省建筑科学研究所会同淮阴市第一、第二建筑公司和淮阴市磷肥厂,经过两年多的努力,研制成功了“硫铁矿渣砌筑砂浆技术”,于6月14日在淮阴市通过技术鉴定。硫铁矿渣砌筑砂浆,是把硫铁矿经过改性措施,代替黄砂用作建筑施工的砌筑砂浆。用硫铁矿渣配制     

硫铁矿烧渣的综合利用研究

分析了硫铁矿烧渣的化学成分,从循环经济的角度考虑,硫铁矿烧渣含有的很多有用组分,具有较高的利用价值,对硫铁矿烧渣进行综合利用,其产品附加值较高,具有可持续发展的特点,同时废渣的利用可避免硫铁矿烧渣对环境的污染,介绍了国内对硫铁矿烧渣综合利用的方法及研究进展。     

硫铁矿烧渣综合利用研究进展

本文对硫铁矿制硫酸产生的烧渣综合利用研究进展情况进行综述，内容包括硫铁矿烧渣用于建筑材料、化工产品、净水剂等的制备。此外还对从硫铁矿中资源的综合回收等进行了讨论。     

利用硫铁矿渣制免烧砖的探索

硫铁矿渣是硫酸生产排放的主要废物。不但废渣占地面积大，而且污染严重。利用硫铁矿渣制免烧砖，通过试验证明，硫铁矿渣制免烧砖是资源的再生利用。不但减轻环境污染，节约了能源，并能取得很好的经济效益。     

用硫酸烧渣法处理煤系硫铁矿

本文提出一种以废治无污染的处理煤系硫铁矿的工艺。该工艺利用硫酸生产过程中所产生的废渣中的氧化铁，经处理后在硫酸介质中与硫铁矿反应，使硫铁矿中的硫和铁及烧渣中的铁资源得到充分的回收利用，既有利于环境保护，又具有良好的经济效益。     

硫铁矿生物法制酸及其应用研究

用细菌氧化硫铁矿产酸，然后用该酸性水去中和燃煤电厂碱性灰水。在实验室内研究了初始ｐＨ、温度及硫铁矿的投加量等因素对产酸速度的影响；试验表明：用该酸性水处理高ｐＨ、高悬浮物（ＳＳ）含量的灰水，可以达到排放或回用要求，且成本较低。     

利用铁泥或硫铁矿烧渣制取氧化铁颜料

本文详细阐述了铁泥和硫铁矿烧渣的来源及其成分,制备生成优质氧化铁所需的高纯硫酸亚铁溶液的最佳工艺条件.制备氧化铁红工艺流程及最佳控制参数.简述了酸性废水的循环使用.     

铝渣处理与回收技术

铝渣处理是废铝回收利用中重要组成部分。从铝渣中除回收金属铝外，对渣灰的有效利用也是我们研究的目的，渣灰已经开始在水泥、研磨剂、肥料等方面获得应用。从渣中回收铝要求回收率高、成本低、良好的工作环境和不污染环境，这就要求开发铝渣处理新技术和新设备。本文重点介绍铝渣回收技术中的ＭＲＭ法、ＩＧＤＣ法、ＡＲＯＳ法、ＳＰＭ法、ＥＣＯＣＥＮＴ法、ＡＬＵＫＥＣ法、等离子处理法和渣灰处理与利用。铝渣分为白渣、黑渣、盐渣饼和渣灰。最后介绍铝渣回收处理设备生产情况。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

ＲｅｍｏｖａｌｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｆｒｏｍｓｅｗａｇｅｓｌｕｄｇｅｂｙｌｏｗｃｏｓｔｉｎｇｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄａｎｄｒｅｃｙｃｌｉｎｇｉｎａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅＷｕＱｉｔａｎｇ，ＮｙｉｒａｎｄｅｇｅＰａｓｃａｓｉｅ，ＭｏＣｅｈｕｉＦ...