环境知识对员工绿色行为的影响——蓄电池企业的实证

基于计划行为理论和社会交换理论,通过分析蓄电池企业超威集团313份有效员工问卷数据,检验员工的环境知识、环境知识共享、绿色行为意愿对绿色行为的影响机理,分析时在环境知识共享与绿色行为意愿之间引入了组织绿色支持感知调节变量。结果表明:①环境知识对环境知识共享、绿色行为意愿表现出正向影响,并通过绿色行为意愿间接对绿色行为产生正向影响。②环境知识共享对绿色行为意愿和绿色行为均表现出正向影响,同时环境知识共享在主观环境知识和绿色行为意愿之间起中介作用,在客观环境知识和绿色行为意愿之间不起中介作用。③组织绿色支持感知在环境知识共享和绿色行为意愿的关系中起调节作用。     

引入中介与调节变量的生态认知对生态行为作用机理实证研究

研究生态认知对生态行为作用机理有利于管理者有效规范公众的生态行为。分别引入中介与调节变量并基于"知—信—行"理论建立结构方程模型SEM,利用调研数据进行实证研究。结果显示:(1)生态知识和生态感知相互影响,系数均为0.39;(2)生态知识对生态责任感、生态情感、生态价值观、生态态度有正向显著影响,系数分别为0.19、0.23、0.32、0.33;(3)生态感知对生态价值观、生态态度、生态情感、生态责任感有正向显著影响,系数分别为0.35、0.37、0.42、0.45;(4)生态情感对生态态度、生态态度对生态责任感、生态责任感对生态价值观有正向显著影响,系数分别为0.31、0.48、0.37;(5)生态情感、生态态度、生态责任感、生态价值观对生态行为有正向显著影响,系数分别为0.39、0.43、0.58、0.69;(6)生态知识、生态感知对生态行为影响系数为正但不显著。结果表明:生态认知对生态行为无直接作用关系,而要通过生态信念对生态行为产生作用;生态态度、生态情感、生态价值观、生态责任感在生态认知对生态行为作用关系中具有完全中介效应;性别、年龄和户籍地在生态认知对生态行为作用关系中具有调节效应且调节效应依次降低。     

长江经济带城市生态环境协同发展能力评价

生态优先、绿色发展是长江经济带国家战略的核心要求,城市生态协同发展是落实"共抓大保护、不搞大开发"的关键。城市生态协同发展主要体现为特定地方对全流域生态环境质量的贡献度,体现了特定地方对流域性生态公共物品和服务的供给能力。长江经济带110个地级以上城市生态环境协同发展能力差异悬殊。协同发展水平较高的城市主要集中在经济发展水平较高、能耗和污染排放较少的城市以及经济发展水平不高、工业污染较少的城市。而生态协同发展能力较差的城市多集中在那些能耗和污染严重的地区。这些城市形成了三大一级城市群和八大二级城市子群的空间分异格局。该格局表明,区域经济发展水平与生态协同发展能力之间在现阶段并非存在着严格的对应关系。长江经济带生态协同发展需要切实体现一体化治理(流域性)、中央集中性治理(国家战略性)和经济、社会、生态、环境统筹性治理(复合地域生态系统)三大内在需求。从长江流域整个生态系统恢复与地方生态环境保护的分工协作入手,处理好中央与地方政府在流域生态环境治理中的责权利关系,实现上下游之间、中央与地方政府之间在生态环境治理实践中的战略协同。     

文化创意旅游街区游客创意体验对重游意愿的影响研究——基于一个有调节的中介模型

当前,文化创意旅游兴起。文化创意旅游街区是文化创意旅游的一种呈现载体,游客的创意体验是游客对文创街区体验活动的重要内容,游客的创意体验、满意度及重游意愿之间的关系有待加强研究。以游客的创意体验为视角,以游客满意度为中介变量,以记忆为调节变量,研究创意体验对游客的重游意愿的影响。结果表明:(1)游客的创意体验对游客的满意度和重游意愿有显著的正向影响作用;(2)游客的满意度对重游意愿具有正向影响作用,但是创意体验只部分通过满意度的中介作用影响游客的重游意愿;(3)游客的记忆正向调节独特性体验、情感体验与满意度之间的关系;(4)游客的记忆对学习体验与满意度之间的调节作用不显著,记忆对满意度和重游意愿之间关系的调节作用不显著;(5)记忆负向调节互动性体验与满意度之间的关系。     

长江流域水生态保护利益补偿的法律调控

当前长江流域水生态补偿实践主要以水质、水量和水能三类可量化的流域生态资源开发利用的形态出现,是"流域生态效益补偿"模式,其目标利益是流域整体生态保护效益,通过政策或区域政府间的协议、以财政转移支付为手段完成政府、行政区域单元之间的利益传送,其实质是一种行政治理措施、是基于权力的利益矫正,并没有将该补偿资金精确对应到真正的利益供应主体或受害主体,也就没有完成利益归宿的最终分配。长江流域生态保护利益补偿应当在效益补偿的基础上发展"生态保护产权利益补偿"模式,使生态保护利益从生态效益的结果行为端向原因行为端传递;产权主体特定性的识别,产权利益行为(增益或损益)与流域生态效益的连接,以及涉水产权法定即利益法定是构建长江流域产权利益补偿的法律要素。     

流域生态补偿标准的受偿意愿分析以石羊河流域为例

目前多数生态补偿项目采用"一刀切"的补偿标准,以此来确保操作的便捷性和公平性。补偿区内农户真实受偿意愿直接影响到个体参与的积极性与主动性,间接影响到生态补偿项目的绩效。通过分析,影响农户参与生态补偿与否和受偿意愿的主要因素均为农业收入。身处生态脆弱地区石羊河流域的居民,对流域生态保护与恢复有着较好的认知,并且对实施生态补偿有着较高的期望。流域生态补偿的关键问题是在项目实施过程中如何对农户进行适宜的补偿,平衡农户因参加生态补偿项目收入减少的损失,维持或提高当前的生计水平。     

有色金属企业环保投资对企业竞争力的影响研究——基于环境规制的调节效应与门槛效应分析

基于2014—2020年我国有色金属上市公司的数据,通过构建基准模型、调节效应模型、门槛效应模型,实证检验了企业环保投资对企业竞争力的影响。结果表明:①环保投资对企业竞争力具有显著的促进作用,引入环境规制变量后,发现其对环保投资与企业竞争力之间的关系产生了正向调节作用。②相比于我国非国有企业和西部地区,环境规制对有色金属企业环保投资与企业竞争力之间的正向调节效应在国有企业和中、东部地区企业中更加明显。③以环境规制为门槛变量进行深入分析,发现环境规制存在双重门槛效应,当环境规制大于或等于2.203这一门槛值时,环保投资对企业竞争力的促进作用才会显著。     

农村生活污水与小流域水环境协同治理的规则型构——基于临沂“兰山模式”的实践样本

如何对农村地区的流域水环境进行高效而低成本的治理,是当前农村资源环境治理面临的挑战之一。本文以山东临沂市兰山区柳青河水环境污染治理作为典型案例,从规则型构视角剖析行动规则对"兰山模式"的作用机制。其中,边界规则打破了农村生活污水与小流域水环境资源治理的边界,企业等新行动主体的资金、技术的溢出效应提高了治理效率;身份规则改变了行动主体的参与动机,加强了多方主体间的交互作用;选择规则减少了多方治理主体的责任冲突;聚合规则弥补了农户在环境治理中的缺位。在四项行动规则的共同作用下,"兰山模式"实现了农村生活污水与小流域水环境的协同治理,是农村水环境治理的实践样本。     

长江流域生态协同治理路径研究

长江流域生态治理关键在于协同推进.作为全国七大江河流域开展协同治理的先行样本,长江流域生态协同治理已经取得积极进展,但仍存在不少障碍和壁垒,提出需从治理目标、治理主体、治理内容、治理措施等多维度入手,优化协同治理机制,形成共抓大保护的合力.     

流域生态补偿多元融资的障碍因素、国际经验及体系建构

补偿资金“从何而来”已成为制约流域生态补偿可持续运行的突出问题。“搭便车”诱惑、生态要素产权界定不清以及生态补偿项目本身的局限性阻碍了多元融资,致使流域生态补偿面临内生性资金供应不足与外部性资金支持增长受限的“资金筹措难题”。本文运用案例分析法与归纳法,总结国外生态补偿融资以及补偿资金使用的经验,以此凝练出有益启示。基于中国本土国情,构建起内生性资金供应与外部性资金支持“协同发力”的流域生态补偿多元融资体系已成为必然。通过优化流域生态补偿多元融资的市场化运作环境,明确界定流域生态资源的产权归属,维护多元融资主体的利益诉求,搭建流域生态补偿项目的内生性资金供应链与丰富获取外部性资金支持的融资方式,完善资金使用评估与信用体系建设等具体内容与手段,提供流域生态保护可持续的资金支持。     

基于CAS视角的供应链环境协同治理研究

为探究供应链环境协同治理问题,本文从复杂适应系统视角分析了供应链环境协同治理中内部主体之间以及内外部主体间的协同作用机理,以此为基础构建了供应链环境协同治理模型。为探究协同治理机制在该模型中的实际成效,本文运用多主体仿真技术,对二级供应链模型进行仿真模拟,验证了协同治理在企业运营发展以及供应链整体环境绩效方面的提升作用,并针对协同模型中制造商零售商间减排成本分担系数进行调整,检验上下游企业间减排成本分担系数变化对供应链环境治理效果的影响。仿真结果显示,虽然供应链整体利润随着制造商承担的减排成本增加而增加,但供应链单位产值排放量却随之呈现先下降后上升的趋势,进一步验证了协同治理的效果。     

新安江流域生态补偿政策效果评价研究

本文基于流域生态补偿的经济学原理,以成本效益分析(CBA)为基本框架,通过对新安江流域生态补偿政策实施的成本和效益进行定性定量的分析,对黄山市实施新安江流域生态补偿政策的成效比E1以及外部效应内部化程度指数E2进行计算,进而科学合理地衡量新安江流域生态补偿政策的实施效果。2010—2013年,黄山市在新安江流域生态补偿工作中的成本总计189.06亿元,黄山市环境效益增加33.52亿元,黄山市新安江流域生态补偿工作成效比E1为0.24,外部效应内部化程度指数E2为0.81,说明新安江流域生态补偿起到了一定的效果,黄山市环境效益预测结果表明,流域生态补偿的效果会随着时间的推移更加明显。由此提出建议,现阶段黄山市应继续以解决经济发展与环境保护的矛盾为重心,同时注重流域生态补偿工作的落实。     

Collaborative Watershed Groups in Three Pacific Northwest States: A Regional Evaluation of Group Metrics and Perceived Success1

Chaffin, B.C., R.L. Mahler, J.D. Wulfhorst, and B. Shafii, 2011. Collaborative Watershed Groups in Three Pacific Northwest States: A Regional Evaluation of Group Metrics and Perceived Success. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(1): 113‐122. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00599.x Abstract: Watershed management through collaborative groups has become important throughout the United States over the past two decades. Although several studies of Oregon and Washington watershed groups exist, a definitive regional analysis of Pacific Northwest (PNW) watershed groups’ success is lacking. This paper uses data collected from a single survey instrument to determine the status, structure, and success of watershed groups in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, respectively. Results indicate that watershed group member satisfaction with elements of group structure correlates with levels of perceived group success. Strong leadership within a group and a clear mission statement also indicate higher levels of perceived success. Contrasting realized successes among PNW watershed groups with metrics of perceived success constructed from survey data define watershed groups’ missions and goals and is validated by analysis of the Washington State planning groups’ responses. Overall, PNW watershed groups identified themselves as largely successful. Therefore, the structure, function, and operation identified as characteristic of PNW watershed groups could be used as a model for developing watershed group programming in regions with similar conditions.     

Reducing Nonpoint Source Pollution Through Collaboration: Policies and Programs Across the U.S. States

Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution has emerged as the largest threat to water quality in the United States, influencing policy makers and resource managers to direct more attention toward NPS prevention and remediation. In response, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) spent more than $204 million in fiscal year (FY) 2006 on the Clean Water Act’s Section 319 program to combat NPS pollution, much of it on the development and implementation of watershed-based plans. State governments have also increasingly allocated financial and technical resources to collaborative watershed efforts within their own borders to fight NPS pollution. With increased collaboration among the federal government, states, and citizens to combat NPS pollution, more information is needed to understand how public resources are being used, by whom, and for what, and what policy changes might improve effectiveness. Analysis from a 50-state study suggests that, in addition to the average 35% of all Section 319 funds per state that are passed on to collaborative watershed groups, 35 states have provided financial assistance beyond Section 319 funding to support collaborative watershed initiatives. State programs frequently provide technical assistance and training, in addition to financial resources, to encourage collaborative partnerships. Such assistance is typically granted in exchange for requirements to generate a watershed action plan and/or follow a mutually agreed upon work plan to address NPS pollution. Program managers indicated a need for greater fiscal resources and flexibility to achieve water quality goals.     

COLLABORATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION MAKING IN OREGON WATERSHED GROUPS: PERCEPTIONS OF EFFECTIVENESS1

ABSTRACT: Collaborative watershed groups have formed at a significant rate throughout the United States in the last decade. Data on these groups, however, has been largely anecdotal and lacking in rigorous examination of the relationship between group formation, membership, process, and group effectiveness. Using a mail survey, Oregon watershed group participants were asked to identify who initiated the formation of the group, how efficiently the group formed, how the group determines membership, what decision making method the group uses, and how members perceive the group's effectiveness. Findings indicated that a majority believe that, because of their participation in a watershed group, they better understand issues in the watershed and the perspectives of others, but less than half believe that relationships with government decision makers or physical conditions in the watershed have improved. Members of citizen initiated groups rated their groups higher than government initiated groups on addressing difficult or controversial issues. Members of groups that use consensus responded most positively on whether the group gives fair consideration to dissenting opinions. Overall, groups with restricted membership systems rated themselves lowest on involving key decision making groups, timeliness in addressing issues, and overall effectiveness. These results raise concerns about this type of group membership system.     

Stakeholder Analysis of a Collaborative Watershed Management Process: A Florida Case Study1

Borisova, Tatiana, Laila Racevskis, and Jennison Kipp, 2012. Stakeholder Analysis of a Collaborative Watershed Management Process: A Florida Case Study. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(2): 277‐296. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00615.x Abstract: This study focuses on a Florida watershed where development of a total maximum daily load (TMDL) and its implementation plan resulted in conflicts among stakeholders. The overall goal is to build a better understanding of stakeholder perceptions of water quality problems, water policy processes and decisions, and water management plan development in a region where these issues have become contentious. Findings are based on a stakeholder analysis using qualitative data collected through focus groups with agricultural producers, local governments, and environmental groups, and supplemented with additional qualitative data on the watershed management process. Stakeholder conflicts in this case study are associated with perceived flaws in the structural and procedural characteristics of the stakeholder involvement process: (1) suboptimal watershed stakeholder representation on the TMDL executive committee, (2) an inappropriate voting procedure for making TMDL decisions, (3) limitations in information sharing between regulatory agencies and watershed stakeholders, and (4) stakeholders’ doubts about whether tradeoffs associated with achieving the water quality targets were assessed adequately throughout the TMDL planning and implementation process. This study contributes to the literature on collaborative watershed management by analyzing stakeholder involvement given Florida’s unique institutional settings, where implementation of TMDL pollution abatement is mandatory.     

环境友好农业生产的生态补偿机制探索与实践

围绕中德技术合作＂中国华北地区集约化农业的环境战略＂项目实施过程中,为鼓励农民采用节水、节肥、节药环境友好方式生产安全优质设施蔬菜,减轻农业面源污染,保护农业生态资源与环境而开展的生态补偿的实践进行论述,结合项目的实践从补偿原则、补偿对象、补偿标准、补偿形式、补偿环节、补偿监管等方面进行了探讨。笔者认为,建立健全农业生态环境补偿制度符合世界贸易组织农业协议绿箱政策,有利于推动环境友好技术的应用。环境友好农业生产的生态补偿应以项目（政府）补贴为主导,以农民自愿为前提,以骨干农户、农民专业合作社为主要补偿对象,以技物结合为主要补偿形式,以兼顾生态、经济和社会效益为目标。     

Responding to a policy mandate to collaborate: structuring collaboration in the collaborative forest landscape restoration program

The Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program (CFLRP) aims to expand the pace and scale of forest restoration on national forests in the United States. The program requires candidate projects to develop landscape-scale forest restoration proposals through a collaborative process and continue to collaborate throughout planning, implementation, and monitoring. Our comparative case analysis of the initial selected projects examines how existing collaborative groups draw on past experience of collaboration and the requirements of a new mandate to shape collaborative structures as they undertake CFLRP work. While mandating collaboration appears contrary to what is often defined as an informal and emergent process, mandates can encourage stakeholder engagement and renew commitment to overcome past conflict. Our findings also suggest that a collaborative mandate can lead to increased attention and scrutiny, prompting adjustments to collaborative process and structure. As such, mandating collaboration creates dynamic tensions between past experience and new requirements for collaborative practice.     

Citizen Participation in Collaborative Watershed Partnerships

Collaborative efforts are increasingly being used to address complex environmental problems, both in the United States and abroad. This is especially true in the growing field of collaborative watershed management, where diverse stakeholders work together to develop and advance water-quality goals. Active citizen participation is viewed as a key component, yet groups often struggle to attract and maintain citizen engagement. This study examined citizen participation behavior in collaborative watershed partnerships by way of a written survey administered to citizen members of 12 collaborative watershed groups in Ohio. Results for the determination of who joins such groups were consistent with the dominant-status model of participation because group members were not demographically representative of the broader community. The dominant-status model, however, does not explain which members are more likely to actively participate in group activities. Instead, individual characteristics, including political activity, knowledge, and comfort in sharing opinions with others, were positively correlated with active participation. In addition, group characteristics, including government-based membership, rural location, perceptions of open communication, perceptions that the group has enough technical support to accomplish its goals, and perceived homogeneity of participant opinions, were positively correlated with active participation. Overall, many group members did not actively participate in group activities.     

A participatory decision making framework for artisanal fisheries collaborative governance: Insights from management committees in Chile

Fisheries management is increasingly transitioning towards collaborative governance. Collaborative systems depend on stakeholders’ capacity to design and implement legitimate and scientifically robust management plans within collective action arenas. Here we propose that collaborative governance outcomes, in fisheries management, will benefit from using structured participatory decision making frameworks that enhance deliberative thinking among stakeholders. We tested our approach in the artisanal fishery of Chile, an important producer of marine resources. Recently in 2013, Chile made important changes to fisheries policies by creating multi-sectorial management committees to manage de facto open access fishing areas. We applied a structured decision making framework to inform the restructuring of a management plan within a committee. As a result, we identified goals,objectives and indicators, including social, economic, biological and ecological dimensions; we explored tradeoffs, assessing the relative importance of the objectives; finally, we created scenarios and prioritized alternatives, reflecting on the interplay between self-regulation and government control. Members of the management committee were able to rationalize the different steps of the framework and identify ways forward which highlighted the importance of self-regulation in comparison to central authorities’ control. We concluded that structured decision making promotes spaces for rational analysis of alternatives costs and benefits. Promoting deliberative thinking in fisheries management can improve equity, legitimacy and sustainability of collaborative governance.