脉冲激光发射模块电磁屏蔽效能仿真分析

目的 提高脉冲激光发射模块的电磁兼容性。方法 基于腔体的电磁屏蔽机理,使用HFSS软件,建立脉冲激光发射模块腔体模型,以电磁敏感度、电磁干扰2个方面对腔体电磁屏蔽效能进行仿真分析。结果 设计的双层屏蔽腔体在电磁波辐照频率为1~100 kHz时,屏蔽效能达到28 dB;电磁波辐照频率为0.2~18 GHz时,屏蔽效能达到47 dB。结论 当电磁波辐照频率在1~100 kHz时,腔体的屏蔽效能随频率的增加而增大。辐射源外部激励时,双层屏蔽腔体使用外层铁内层铜屏蔽效能较高。电磁波辐照频率在0.2～18 GHz时,腔体的屏蔽效能随频率的增大而减小,且发生了谐振效应。当腔体厚度相等时,双层屏蔽的屏蔽效能高于单层屏蔽。使用电缆连接器代替孔洞进行信号传输时,腔体屏蔽效能增加。     

海水电磁屏蔽体

目的将海水作为一种电磁屏蔽材料,研究其电磁屏蔽效能以及影响因素。方法基于海水和玻璃的电磁特性参数,并利用电场和磁场切向分量连续边界条件,推导由双层玻璃封装海水所构成的复合电磁屏蔽体结构的屏蔽效能计算公式。结果具有一定厚度和盐度的海水墙体可以展示出良好的电磁屏蔽效能。通过增加海水层的厚度,提高海水的盐度以及温度,均可以有效增强海水电磁屏蔽体的屏蔽效能。改变封装海水的玻璃层厚度,对海水电磁屏蔽体的屏蔽效能影响较小。结论海水可以作为一种有效的电磁屏蔽材料,并具有光波透明、电磁屏蔽效能易重构、可循环导热等独特的优势。在军事和民用领域,海水电磁屏蔽体将具有重要的理论和应用价值。     

金属纤维织物的屏波原理及其研究现状

以电磁辐射的危害及防护为切入点,介绍了金属纤维及其织物的屏蔽机理,阐述了其制备工艺、屏蔽效能的检测技术和主要影响因素,并对金属纤维屏蔽织物的进一步发展进行了展望。     

浅析涂层型电磁屏蔽室工程施工与应用

主要阐述了电磁辐射的危害以及针对建筑物实施电磁屏蔽的必要性.根据电磁屏蔽的基本原理,详细介绍了采用电磁屏蔽涂料对主要建筑物进行电磁屏蔽施工时采取的技术手段,主要包括建筑物基层、门窗、通风、通电的处理方法.最后,对涂层型电磁屏蔽室的屏蔽效能测试与后期维护提出具体要求.     

低反射、高吸收海水电磁屏蔽体

目的通过在有耗海水电磁屏蔽体上加载阻抗匹配层,研究具有低反射、高吸收特性海水电磁屏蔽体结构。方法基于有耗海水电磁屏蔽体的输入阻抗,并利用传输线原理,计算对应匹配媒质层的结构与电磁参数。针对初始具有较好电磁屏蔽效能的反射型海水电磁屏蔽体样本,计算和加载工作在ISM 433 MHz频段的匹配媒质层。结果加载了匹配媒质层的海水电磁屏蔽体能展示出良好的低反射、高吸收电磁屏蔽特性。当入射电磁波全部穿透进入海水层,产生传导和极化衰减后,对屏蔽效能影响较小。结论由海水层和匹配媒质层组成的多元材料电磁屏蔽体,可以实现低反射、高吸收电磁屏蔽效果,并保持良好电磁屏效能的优势。低反射电磁屏蔽体有望在精度仪器、目标反探测等领域发挥重要作用。     

Ni-Co-P/EG复合材料制备及其电磁性能研究

研究了利用化学镀在膨胀石墨表面及内部孔结构制备Ni-Co-P非晶态合金镀层的方法,探讨了合金镀层对膨胀石墨电磁性能的影响。结果表明,Ni-Co-P/EG材料电磁屏蔽效能明显提高,Ni-Co-P/EG材料电磁屏蔽效能均高于50 dB,最高达到69 dB。     

反应堆压力容器保温层辐射屏蔽组件传热计算分析及屏蔽材料试验研究

目的 确保华龙一号HPR1000反应堆压力容器保温层辐射屏蔽组件在运行工况下的可靠性、安全性以及能够有效执行其功能。方法 采用基于传热理论结合经验公式的理论计算方法,以及流固耦合的有限元仿真分析,对辐射屏蔽组件的运行温度进行计算。针对屏蔽材料在受热状态下的性质变化,进行一系列的热态性质试验。结果 理论计算方法得到的结果为163.36~168.74 ℃,有限元仿真分析得到的结果为236.85~266.85 ℃,两者偏差约100 ℃。对造成该种差异的原因进行了分析,发现仿真分析方法得到的结果的置信度更高。屏蔽材料在受热状态下,其体积膨胀率可达到38.82%,而当屏蔽材料受热超过其温度限值204 ℃后,将出现明显的粉化等物理状态恶化的趋势。结论 流固耦合的有限元仿真分析方法更适用于辐射屏蔽组件的传热过程计算,同时获取了屏蔽材料物理性状受热变化趋势,对屏蔽组件的选材及结构设计具有指导意义。     

信息机房防雷击电磁脉冲的屏蔽分析

当雷击中建筑物或附近时,雷电流在建筑物周围空间产生瞬变的强电磁场对机房设备造成严重危害。文章通过研究对不同雷击点在机房各种不同屏蔽措施下产生的磁场强度分析,来研究机房屏蔽效能,以期找到防御雷击电磁脉冲的方法。     

地下电磁信号对民航机场导航台站的干扰机理分析与仿真计算

目的研究地下电磁信号对机场导航台站的干扰机理,并进行仿真计算。方法建立导航台天线的电流分布模型,研究外部电磁干扰对导航台天线上电流分布形式的影响。基于导航台的工作原理,研究外部电磁干扰对导航台辐射方向图的影响,并进行仿真计算。计算航线下滑线空间点上的场强值受外部电磁信号干扰的影响。结果地下电磁信号传播至导航台天线所在区域,造成T型天线的左右顶负载的电流不再满足镜像反对称的状态,导致T型天线覆盖区域中的场强值变化,水平面的无方向性方向图产生波瓣分裂,进而导致航线下滑线上空间点接收到的场强值幅度产生波动,仿真结果显示波动值高达32.7%。结论地下电磁信号对无方向性信标台造成干扰,导致原来的无方向性方向图产生波瓣分裂,航线下滑线上的场强值产生波动,影响了飞行安全,需要加以抑制屏蔽。     

雷电电磁脉冲对便携计算机终端的损伤分析

目的使用电磁仿真软件XFDTD,研究雷电磁脉冲(LEMP)对便携计算机的电磁危害。方法给出腔体内部采样点处的电场时域波形图和截面的电场分布图,计算腔体内不同位置处的屏蔽效能和瞬时坡印廷矢量的大小,分析雷电电磁脉冲与腔体正面孔阵和侧面孔洞的耦合以及孔洞的互耦合。结果雷电电磁脉冲会与入射正面和侧面上的小孔发生不同程度的耦合。雷电电磁脉冲对腔体内部的电磁危害很小,电磁能量主要被限制在开孔附近,腔体中心处受到的影响最小。开孔面积越大,耦合进的电磁能量越多。相邻孔洞之间的互耦合效应使得腔体的屏蔽性变差。结论雷电电磁脉冲对便携计算机的危害一般很小。     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.