多少断肢才能改变现状——广东德豪润达电气股份有限公司工伤事故调查

面对工伤事故频发，企业不是加大安全投入，积极整改设备隐患，而是要求工人不要乱说话，甚至以“按规定给予了赔偿”来淡化事故。“按规定给予了赔偿”是否就能成为容忍企业工伤事故频发的理由？     

工伤预防的措施与流程

<正>"安全第一,预防为主"是我国工伤保险的基本方针。工伤预防是我国工伤保险"预防-康复-补偿"模式中的首要环节,它与工伤康复、工伤赔偿一起成为当前工伤保险的三大任务,其中,工伤预防处于优先地位,也就是以先预防、再康复、后赔偿的顺序开展工伤保险工作。据统计,有80%以上的工伤事故是人为因素引起的,而这些事故大多是可以避免的。     

工伤保险知识讲座

第一讲职业伤害的发生及后果在国际劳工术语中,职业伤害又称职业事故,包括劳动者工伤事故和职业病两类伤害。工伤保险是对职业伤害实行劳工赔偿的社会保障制度,其中的“工伤”一词均涵盖工伤事故和职业病,不能理解为狭义的工伤事故。１９９６年１０月实施的《企业职工...     

工伤事故处理问题探讨

<正>工伤事故的认定涉及到伤亡人员及亲属权益以及事故单位法律责任的归属,笔者作为企业安全管理人员,就事故处理实践中通常会遇到的几个较为常见的问题分享认识。问题1工伤性质的认定是否受当事人事故责任大小的影响?处理工伤事故赔偿责任纠纷,最首要的就是进行工伤认定。《工伤保险条例》对工伤认定做出了详细的规定,使工伤认定有章可循,有法可依。工伤认定取决于单位与劳动者是否存在劳动关系。凡是与用人单位有书面劳动合同的,应当认定其有劳动关     

危险、危及和工伤事故的防治

说明了危险、危及、风险和工伤事故4个基本概念 ;分析了从事故危险转变为事故危及 ,以及由危及导致工伤事故发生的可能性 ;用风险概念对危及进行量化 ;探讨了工伤事故防治的4条基本途径 ,即:排除危险、隔离危险、减少危及、适应危及。分析了它们各自在事故防治中的特点及其有效性。     

安钢冶炼系统工伤事故统计与分析

安阳钢铁集团公司工伤事故统计分析表明，冶炼系统是发生事故较多的系统，各类工伤事故约占事故总数的38％。冶炼系统中，第二炼钢厂是安钢集团公司核心单位，工伤事故特点具有一定代表性。对该厂近10年工伤事故进行了统计分析，总结了事故规律，提出了加强和改进工作的建议和措施，对搞好钢铁冶炼的安全生产具有指导意义。     

危险、危及和工伤事故的防治

说明了危险、危及、风险和工伤事故４个基本概念;分析了从事故危险转变为事故危及,以及由危及导致工伤事故发生的可能性;用风险概念对危及进行量化;探讨了工伤事故防治的４条基本途径,即：排除危险、隔离危险、减少危及、适应危及。分析了它们各自在事故防治中的特点及其有效性。     

日本工伤事故瞒报问题的原因及对策分析

从经济全球化引发的雇用形态的变化入手,分析日本工伤事故瞒报问题的原因;针对已有的事故瞒报手法及危害,介绍对其防范、发现和处治的主要措施;通过对比分析中日两国事故瞒报防范工作的特点,提出更有利于事故控制预防、更有效地解决我国工伤事故瞒报问题的重要思路,即:在加大对事故瞒报单位的惩治力度、提高其违法成本的同时,还应建立针对依法报告事故单位的不惩罚机制或制定降低依法报告事故后的被处罚成本方面的规定;在行政责任追究和领导绩效考核时,不仅仅以事故后果或事故多少而是以其在强化安全管理方面"作为"与否为更重要的根据来进行。     

工伤保险中行业风险分类指标研究

简要介绍部分国家工伤保险差别费率情况;通过对相关数据的分析,提出我国工伤保险差别费率分类应以行业工伤事故死亡风险、重伤和轻伤风险、职业病风险和基金支出情况为指标和依据,尤其不能忽视行业轻伤和职业病风险指标;计算了我国近几年各行业工伤事故的个人死亡风险。建议:增加行业风险类别和工伤保险费率差距范围;完善工伤事故、职业病和工伤保险统计指标体系;工伤保险基金应加大对预防、康复、科研、教育培训工作的投入。     

天津市安全生产现状及其分析研究

对天津市2000—2004年的工伤事故进行调查及统计,从工伤事故起数、事故死亡人数、重大伤亡事故、重点行业、事故类别等多个角度进行了分析研究,总结出天津市工伤事故发生的规律和特点;对照天津市及其重点行业的经济发展状况,对天津市的安全生产状况做出总体评价,指出了天津市的总体安全生产水平处于全国各省市的前列,列出了导致死亡事故的事故类别的排序。研究的成果,为制定从总体上控制天津市的工伤事故、不断提高安全生产水平的对策,提供了具有指导性的依据。     

基于生命价值理论的职工伤害赔偿办法探讨

通过分析目前国内经济形势与职业健康的关系,发现职业伤害赔偿存在一系列问题,证实进一步对职业伤害赔偿问题进行探讨是必要的。从我国实际情况出发,借鉴国外风险交易理论和国内人力资本理论,参考以人力资本法为中心的生命价值理论,提出职工生命价值理论及职工生命价值曲线。然后根据职工生命价值理论,建立了涵盖职业劳动价值、业余劳动价值及精神价值的职业伤害赔偿办法,而考虑业余劳动价值,更加符合我国居民的生活状态。为保证职工生命价值的实现,顺利解决伤害赔偿的一系列问题,提出此职业伤害赔偿管理与落实计划。     

An analysis of occupational stair accident patterns

This report describes an analysis of existing occupational injury data concerning stairway-related falls. Injury data based on reports obtained from the Ohio and California workers' compensation agencies were analyzed to identify common stair injury patterns. Frequency tabulations are provided for the following factors: (a) location (indoors vs. outdoors, on vs. off employer's premises, site category); (b) task (ascending vs. descending, body movement on the stair, task being attempted); and (c) events (precipitating actions and conditions). One of the most outstanding findings is that 92 % of the injuries occurred when the worker was descending the stair, i.e., 636 of the 688 cases in which direction of travel was indicated. Additionally, injury records from the New York and Ohio workers' compensation agencies were used to rank industries in terms of combined frequency and severity rates of stairway-related injuries.     

Characteristics of work-related injuries involving forklift trucks

Industrial lift trucks or forklift trucks are a common source of occupational injuries. In 1983, over 13,000 workers' compensation claims for lost-workday injuries involving forklift trucks were filed in 30 states. An estimated 24,000 forklift-related injuries were treated in U.S. emergency rooms in 1983, and an estimated 34,000 in 1985. This paper presents the results of an analysis of forklift injuries reported in two occupational injury databases — the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Supplementary Data System (SDS). Characteristics of these injuries (e.g., type of injury, diagnosis, body part affected) and of the injury victims (e.g., age, sex, occupation) are described, and scenarios of typical forklift injuries in various occupations are presented. Trends in forklift injuries from 1983–1985 are also discussed.     

煤矿事故中生命价值经济评价探讨

我国每年都有大量的煤矿事故发生 ,造成数千名矿工死亡 ,对死亡矿工的经济赔偿 ,往往是事故处理的一大难题 ,其主要原因是目前对死亡矿工的赔偿标准偏低。由于赔偿费用低 ,经济赔偿的代价不足 ,以引起威慑和警戒 ,部分煤矿企业仍然不重视安全生产、不珍惜矿工生命 ,从而煤矿伤亡事故不断发生。分析了目前国内外主要的生命价值评价方法和评价结果 ,对煤矿事故中的生命价值进行了研究 ,提出采用净产值推算矿工的生命价值 ,并给出了相应的计算公式和分析实例。分析结果表明 ,目前的赔偿标准不能体现矿工的生命价值 ,二者之间存在相当大的差距     

工伤保险行业差别费率确定方法探讨

制定合理的行业差别费率对于工伤保险基金的稳定、促进企业改善安全生产状况具有积极作用.我国工伤保险制度处于起步阶段,有些地区对行业差别费率厘定进行了探索,但费率与风险的关联性不强,影响了低风险企业参加工伤保险统筹的积极性.本文针对工伤统计数据缺乏的现状,分析了现阶段工伤保险行业差别费率确定方法的研究现状,重点讨论了确定行业风险等级的3种方法,即聚类分析法、风险系数测评和模糊风险评估法的应用过程以及优缺点;另外,强调了在确定行业风险指数时,应注意根据不同事故类别的严重度来确定各风险因素指标的权重大小.最后,应用风险评估理论分析工伤保险行业差别费率的运作机理,提出应用工伤赔付支出费用计算行业差别费率的数学公式,此公式原理清晰、操作方便,且有利于各统筹地区根据实际情况划分行业差别费率.     

Work-related injuries among commercial janitors in Washington State,comparisons by gender

IntroductionWe analyzed workers' compensation (WC) data to identify characteristics related to workers' compensation claim outcomes among janitorial service workers in Washington State.MethodWe analyzed WC data from the Washington State Department of Labor & Industries (L&I) State Fund (SF) from January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2013, for janitorial service workers employed in the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) Services Sector. We constructed multivariable models to identify factors associated with higher medical costs and increased time lost from work.ResultsThere were 2,390 janitorial service compensable claims available for analysis. There were significant differences in injury type and other factors by gender, age, and language preference. Linguistic minority status was associated with longer time loss and higher median medical costs. Women were estimated to account for 35% of janitorial service workers but made up 55% of the compensable claims in this study.ConclusionsJanitorial service workers comprise a large vulnerable occupational group in the U.S. workforce. Identifying differences by injury type and potential inequitable outcomes by gender and language is important to ensuring equal treatment in the workers' compensation process.Practical applicationsThere were significant differences in injury and individual characteristics between men and women in this study. Women had twice the estimated rate of injury to men, and were more likely to require Spanish language materials. Improving communication for training and knowledge about the workers' compensation system appear to be high priorities in this population of injured janitorial service workers.     

Evaluation of a safety training program in three food service companies

Problem: Outcome measures for safety training effectiveness research often do not include measures such as occupational injury experience. Effectiveness mediators also receive sparse attention. Method: A new safety training curriculum was delivered to workers in a stratified random sample of food service facilities across three companies. A similar group of facilities received usual training. We collected post-test measures of demographic variables, safety knowledge, perceptions of transfer of training climate, and workers' compensation claim data for one year after the initial training activities. Results: Knowledge test scores were apparently higher in the new-training units than in the usual-training units. Some demographic variables were inconsistently associated with these differences. Evidence for reduction of the injury rate associated with the new training was observed from two companies but only approached significance for one company. A second company revealed a similar but non-significant trend. Knowledge scores were not significantly associated with lower injury rates. Discussion: We found evidence that safety training increases knowledge and reduces injuries. We found almost no evidence of effects of training effectiveness mediators, including no relationship between safety knowledge and injury experience. Methodological issues related to conducting a large study may have influenced these results. Impact on Industry: Although safety training leads to greater knowledge and, in some cases, reduced occupational injuries, the influence of mediating variables remains to be fully explained.     

欧洲国家工伤保险费率管理实践及其对我国的启示——用经济手段促进企业改善劳动安全条件的尝试

笔者从平均基准费率水平、工伤保险基金期望的支出构成比较和工伤保险刺激事故预防的费率机制的形成 3个方面 ,对欧洲国家工伤保险费率进行了分析 ,对若干欧洲国家用工伤保险经济手段促进企业改善劳动条件的成功经验给以总结 ,并对我国新近出台的《工伤保险条例》提出一些修改建议。     

中小企业劳资双方职业安全保障博弈研究

为寻求打破中小企业(SMEs)职业安全供求双低均衡状态的途径,提高SMEs职业安全保障水平,采用动态博弈方法分析SMEs劳资双方职业安全行为选择。首先,构建职业安全保障博弈模型,并进行均衡策略分析。其次,将安全管制因素引入博弈模型进行对比分析。结果表明:"低风险工资,加盟"是该模型的纯策略纳什均衡;政府安全管制因素的引入对自然选择概率和员工加盟企业的概率产生有益影响,对企业隐瞒概率的影响取决于对被隐瞒员工进行的补偿。通过提高隐瞒成本、安全投入产出比、低风险工资、员工职业伤害认知和安全管制力度等可以提高SMEs职业安全保障水平。     

从提前调整费率论日本劳灾保险与劳灾预防相结合

如何建立工伤保险与工伤事故预防有机结合的机制 ,不仅是我国工伤保险制度改革的重要课题 ,也是日本工伤社会保险改革过程的重要内容之一。日本打破了每隔 3年对费率进行一次调整的惯例 ,从2 0 0 3年度开始 ,提前一年执行了平均被下调了 1‰的新的劳灾保险费率体系。笔者对此举动阐述了以下观点 :除从厚生劳动省说明的近年来劳灾事故大幅度减少及为减轻企业主的负担等原因外 ,还应从处理劳灾保险制度与劳灾事故预防工作的关系上分析提前调整费率的动机。即这个重要决策旨在强调劳灾保险与事故预防的有机结合、利用保险费率的经济杠杆作用 ,借“第 10个防止劳动灾害五年规划”启动之良机 ,全面提高劳动安全卫生管理水平。