生态驳岸——治理城市水体污染的有效途径

空间拥挤、环境喧嚣、节奏紧张的现代城市生活,给人们带来一定的身心压力。为了缓解这种压力,人们除了适时利用节假日去旅游外,更加渴望改善居住环境、提高生活质量。在闲暇时到公园里呼吸新鲜空气、放松心情,已成为人们日常休闲生活的一种选择和需求。因此,科学规划与建设公园     

城市生态休闲带的开发与规划--以广州市帽峰山为例

界定了城市生态休闲带的概念,并简要描述了其基本特征与开发现状。在此基础上,分别从“突出生态,体现休闲,兼顾旅游,注重文化,科学开发和全面保护”等方面探讨了城市生态休闲带开发与规划的新思维。以广州市帽峰山为例,尝试提出了广州市北部生态休闲带的开发与规划模式。     

东北三省城市园林绿地质量定量评价与分类

采用因子分析法,选取园林绿地面积、公共绿地面积、人均绿地面积、建成区绿化覆盖面积、建成区绿化覆盖率5个指标,以东北三省为研究区进行因子分析。进行聚类分析,建立因子得分函数,聚类分为3类。结果表明,城市园林绿地质量平均最高的是辽宁省,3个省会城市都具有较高的城市园林绿地质量。各地级市的GDP曲线和城市园林绿地质量得分曲线都高度吻合,说明城市经济水平直接决定了城市园林绿地的建设水平。     

近10年四川省地级市区园林绿化情况研究

通过对四川省地级市近10年市区园林绿化情况进行数据收集,选取绿化覆盖面积、园林绿地面积、公共绿地面积和公园面积4个指标进行统计分析,能直观的体现出四川省各城市的绿地建设情况,且便于相互之间的比较和寻找不足,从而对于后期城市绿地建设具有指导作用。结果表明:(1)近10年,成都市区绿化覆盖面积最大;巴中市最小;绵阳市区平均绿化覆盖面积增长率最小;遂宁市绿化覆盖面积增长率最大;(2)近10年,成都市区园林绿地面积最大;雅安市最小;遂宁市和内江市园林绿地面积增长率最大;雅安市区平均增长率呈负增长;(3)近10年,成都市区公共绿地面积最大;绵阳市、雅安、资阳、巴中3市公共绿地面积相对较小;内江市区平均公共绿地面积增长率最大;乐山市公共绿地面积平均增长率全省最小;(4)近10年,成都市区公园面积最大;南充、眉山、内江、资阳雅安、广安等市区公园面积相对较小;巴中市区平均增长率最高;其次为达州市区。     

生态园林墓园设计策略研究

当前,绿色生态殡葬方式逐渐得到公众认可,城市墓园作为现代城市功能不可或缺的组成部分,其生态环境保护、文化传承、休闲教育等绿地功能开始受到重视。针对传统墓园殡葬形式落后、土地利用率低、空间浪费严重、缺少现代城市功能等问题,将传统墓园与绿色殡葬方式、绿地功能等有机结合,探讨了生态园林墓园的概念内涵,并从地形合理利用、城市功能融入、内部空间划分、植物景观营造等方面提出了相应的生态园林化设计策略,赋予墓园更多的新功能与新价值,对美丽中国生态文明时代背景下的城市人居生态环境建设具有较好的现实指导意义。     

秦皇岛市海港区城市游憩绿地发展对策研究

从秦皇岛市海港区城市游憩绿地存在的空间分布不均匀、设计不完善、疏于管理、服务设施不足等问题出发,提出了从宏观调控、游憩绿地设计、管理、法制、可持续发展和建设投入角度发展海港区城市游憩绿地的对策,从而提高城市人居环境质量,充分发挥城市游憩绿地系统在整个城市绿地系统中的重要地位。     

基于Landsat8城市绿地对周边热环境的影响研究——以成都市中心城区为例

城市绿地是缓解城市热环境效应的重要因素之一,在调节城市气候方面发挥着重要作用。以成都市中心城区为研究区,分析了城市绿地斑块景观指数与地表温度的相关关系和绿地斑块的降温辐射范围。结果表明:(1)成都市其他绿地的降温效果最为显著,公园绿地次之,街旁绿地和居住区绿地的降温效果不明显;(2)其他绿地和公园绿地的周长、面积、植被覆盖度与其平均温度呈较强的负相关性;(3)不同绿地类型降温辐射范围存有差异,降温范围为:其他绿地公园绿地居住区绿地街旁绿地。研究结果对城市规划建设、改善城市生态环境和减缓城市热环境效应等具有参考价值。     

小区景观绿地 城市生态平衡的“调节器”

21世纪是中国社会快速发展的时代,随着人们物质生活水平的提高,对环境的要求也越来越高。小区景观绿地作为人居环境的重要组成部分,对城市生态平衡起着重要的作用,是和公园、市政绿地等一起成为城市生态平衡的“调节器”。同时,小区景观绿地也是居民日常休息、娱乐、健身的场所,是人类实现自我完善的载体,是提高城市居民生活质量的保证。     

警惕!城市绿地被蚕食

据报道我国城市公共绿地10年来第一次出现逆转；城市人均绿地面积比上年下降0．2平方米，绿化覆盖率和绿地率等指标均出现下降。这组来自1993年初城市统计公报上的数字，应引起人们的充分注意。我国城市人均绿地只有4平方米，只及发达国家城市平均水平的1／10；由于基础较差，我国城市绿地增长一直较馒，去年竟出现了负增长。而造成这一不正常现象的主要原因有；资金紧张，维护水平低。园林绿比维护资金占城市维护资金的比例减少：1978年为8．49％，“八五”前两年只有人37％；1991年全国城市园林支出为18．66亿元，而收入仅有8.30亿元，补…     

用绿地取代高楼是明智之举

正前不久,山东省青岛市李沧区对辖区内北山片区的10座筒子楼进行了拆迁改建,此项目位于当地最繁华的地段,周边楼盘单价已经超过了1.5万元/平方米。然而,就在这个"寸土寸金"的地方,政府没有建商业地产,而是规划了一个总面积达2600多平方米的市民休闲中心,用绿地取代了高楼。城市建设何为重?不同的观念当有     

招远市黄金尾矿库生态工程技术研究与实践

招远市现有黄金尾矿库不仅占用大量土地资源,对周围的空气、土壤、水体造成污染,破坏周围的生态环境,而且存在安全隐患,严重制约了当地经济社会的可持续发展.针对不同类型黄金尾矿库的特点,建立了漫溢型生态景观园、高台型生态休闲园、坝坡型风景防护林地、沟夼型生产园地等4种黄金尾矿库生态工程模式.通过生态工程示范区建设,将尾矿库改造成城镇景观绿地、生产园地,解决了黄金尾矿库的生态环境问题.     

In search of greener towns

Around 1970 a quiet revolution occurred in several European countries involving the use of naturalistic design approaches and ecological principles in the design and management of urban green spaces. The objective was to bring the qualities of nature into peoples’ daily lives and provide a richer external living environment. Parallel programmes of community participation and environmental education were involved. Successful projects in Holland, Sweden and Britain are described. These indicate that despoiled urban and urban‐fringe land can be quickly and economically transformed into green environments which are attractive for living and commercial investment. A reorganisation of Local Authority landscape resources is recommended.     

聊城市城市生态用地开发与利用研究

城市生态用地是城市中重要的自然组分，对维持城市生态系统的持续、稳定和发展有积极作用。在介绍城市生态用地的基础上，将城市生态用地划分为2大类、4个亚类，并简单介绍了城市生态用地的服务功能，最后以山东聊城市中心城区为例，对城市生态用地的开发与利用作了具体分析。     

城市环境总体规划中的布局问题研究——以北京市丰台区为例

城市环境总体规划是对城市中长期环境管理的综合安排,是环境保护基础性的规划,其核心问题在于规模、结构和布局,即从城市环境、资源与生态约束角度为社会经济发展规划、城市总体规划与土地利用规划提出限制(环境、资源与生态红线),从环境承载力与发展生态适宜性分区角度为城市发展规划提出发展适度规模、结构与布局。在城市"多规融合"的实践过程中,城市环境总体规划,作为政府综合决策的重要支撑之一,可以为其他的规划编制提供约束条件以及土地供给能力测算值,使得各规划间能够相互支撑、相互融合,因此有必要先行。本文以北京市丰台区环境总体规划为例,从布局角度出发,基于区域土地资源供给能力对丰台区进行土地生态适宜性评价,并得到土地生态适宜性区划图,从而提出丰台区城市总体规划与土地利用规划的限制条件,为城市环境总体规划先行提供科学依据。     

A Management-Orientated Comparative Analysis of Urban and Rural Anglers Living in a Metropolis (Berlin,Germany)

Increased efforts to analyze the human dimensions of anglers are necessary to improve freshwater fisheries management. This paper is a comparative analysis of urban and rural anglers living in a metropolis, based on n = 1061 anglers responding to a mail survey in the German capital of Berlin. More than two thirds of the anglers (71%) had spent most (>50%) of their effort outside the city borders of Berlin and thus were categorized as rural anglers. Compared to the rural anglers, urban anglers (50% of total effort spent inside the city) were younger and less educated. Urban anglers were more avid and committed, less mobile, and more frequently fished from boats and during weekdays. Rural anglers were more experienced, fished for longer times per trip, fished more often at weekends and on holidays, were more often members of angling clubs, and more frequently caught higher valued fish species. The achievement and fish quantity aspects of the angling experience were more important for urban than for rural anglers. Concerning management options, urban anglers more frequently suggested constraining other stakeholders and reducing regulations, whereas rural anglers more often proposed improving physical access to angling sites. Future urban fishing programs should offer ease of access, connection to public transportation, moderate prices, and diverse piscivorous fish stocks. In contrast to rural fisheries, the provision of high ecological and aesthetical quality of the angling waters can be regarded as of minor importance in urban fisheries. Rural fisheries managers need to consider the needs of stakeholders living in Berlin to minimize impacts on the less degraded rural water bodies and potential user conflicts with resident anglers. Ecosystem-based management approaches should guide rural fisheries policy.     

Changes in Public Commons as a Consequence of Urbanization: The Agara Lake in Bangalore,India

The city of Bangalore in southern India is rapidly expanding, resulting in major transformations in land use, wetland management, and the distribution of green spaces. This paper examines how transformations in land use and governance consequent to urbanization can change people’s perceptions of and interactions with an urban ecological commons, using the case study of the Agara lake in the south Indian city of Bangalore. In less than four decades, the landscape surrounding the lake has altered from a fundamentally agricultural area, dependent on the lake for irrigation and drinking water, to a densely urbanized area where the lake is used predominantly for recreation. A change in governance from community management to state management has sidelined the fishers, fodder collectors and agricultural users who traditionally maintained this lake. The governmental agencies that are supposed to maintain the lake are unable to do so due to a complex governance structure, with overlapping jurisdictions, compounded by an ongoing litigation. Over the past decades, the lake has largely transitioned into an urban green space primarily used for recreation and nature watching. This case study provides us with a broader understanding of how changes in governance consequent to urbanization and city expansion can impact interactions between people and ecological commons in a rapidly growing Indian city.     

城市生态环境质量评价——以南充市为例

以可持续发展理论为指导,结合南充生态城市建设的要求,对南充城市生态环境进行定量评价并提出改进对策。采用城市空气污染指数API等23个指标,应用层次分析法对四川省第二座大城市南充的生态环境质量进行定量评价,2010年南充城市的生态质量综合值P为0.67,达到Ⅲ级标准,城市生态可持续发展水平状况良好。伴随着快速的城市化和人口激增,南充城市生态问题日益突出。主要问题表现为:老城区交通拥堵、绿地面积小、建筑屋间距不够,城市环境指数低,工业园区建设与城市房地产开发占用较多土地,城市原生态的生态-地貌景观被人为过度的破坏与改造,城市经济有待进一步发展。     

基于生态敏感性的土地资源承载力研究——以泉州市为例

随着社会经济的发展人地矛盾变得越发突出,已经成为制约城市经济进一步发展的桎梏.泉州市在社会经济快速发展的同时面临着土地资源严重紧缺的问题,亟需对其市域土地承载力进行研究,并用来指导城市的发展,从生态敏感性的视角,通过对泉州市域的生态用地和城建用地的划分,在以保护生态用地为前提的基础上,对其生态用地规模和城市用地规模进行测算,最后分别按照国际和国内两种指标来测算其土地资源承载力.     

在乌鲁木齐城市绿地资源的基础上创建生态城市

以乌鲁木齐市绿地资源为对象,从城市绿地的空间布局、类型、结构及其生态功能入手, 结合乌鲁木齐市绿地的发展现状,提出其绿地资源的合理规划方案及建议,为乌鲁木齐市建设生态城市提供其决策依据.     

Inspiring England's urban fringes: multi-functionality and planning

The urban fringe has been described as 'planning's last frontier'; a zone of transition and interface between town and country where a broad variety of land uses and activities come together, and where development pressure is often intense.

In this paper, we argue that the urban fringe possesses special characteristics, making it more than simply a transitional landscape. These characteristics centre on patterns of land use, biodiversity and leisure/development opportunity which are unique to the urban edge and to land extending away from built-up areas. The uniqueness, diversity and particular dynamics of the urban fringe demands a special brand of planning and management response. Therefore we suggest that the principle of 'multi-functionality' provides a framework for action, showing how diversity can be managed and supported. Through brief case studies, we demonstrate how functional interactions at the urban fringe might be promoted in the future.