新型汽车尾气净化催化剂的研究

研究Ｌａ－Ｃｏ－Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｐｄ催化剂的活性和热稳定性,结果表明,该催化剂具有低温活性良好、活性高以及热稳定性好的性能特点,对ＣＯ、ＨＣ氧化的Ｔ５０％和Ｔ１００％分别约为１８２℃,２３８℃和２４０℃、２６５℃,催化剂表面组分发生强相互作用形成３种活性中心,是催化剂低的起燃温度,高活性的原因。催化剂高温处理后未发生烧结,活性未下降,热稳定性良好。     

Mn-Cu-O负载型催化剂上CO氧化性能的研究

研究了ＺｒＯ２或Ａｌ２Ｏ３负载Ｍｎ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ体系催化剂ＣＯ催化氧化活性，以及物相结构，表面氧性能与活性的关系。结果表明，锆基催化剂的氧化活性明显优于铝基催化剂，起燃温度Ｔ５０低达５０℃，ＺｒＯ２载 利于活性组份形成高活性物相，并促进表面吸附氧的脱附，表现出催化剂表面吸附氧的脱附温度高低次序与其氧化活性有一致的对应关系。     

柴油机尾气净化用的钙钛矿型催化剂的研究

用浸渍法制备了多种ABO_3型催化剂,考察了多种因素对其活性的影响及作用机制。柴油机台架实验结果表明,在A位掺杂Sr可提高催化剂的活性;稀土在最后一次浸渍液中浸渍,以二次浸渍为宜;堇青石陶瓷蜂窝状催化剂的性能优于γ-Al_2O_3球状催化剂。蜂窝状催化剂上CO的起燃温度T_(50)％=110℃,而T_(90)％=157℃;在温度仅为200℃,而空速高达70000h~(-1)的条件下CO的净化率仍达90％;积碳起燃温度为323℃,优于Pt族贵金属催化剂;热稳定性和对CO浓度的适应性较好,且具有抗SO_2中毒能力。     

钯催化剂性能及其对燃煤烟气中多环芳烃的催化净化

考察２种制备方法所制备的系列负载Ｐｄ催化剂经不同的灼烧温度处理后,催化芳烃燃烧的活性。结果表明,方法２制备的催化剂经９００℃灼烧处理后其催化活性较好,活性组分Ｐｄ含量为０．２％（Ｗｔ）的催化剂的起燃温度和完全燃烧温度分别为２２０℃和２４０℃。但经８００℃灼烧处理后催化剂明显失活。对催化剂进行了ＸＲＤ分析,以考察各催化剂的表面物相特性。并进行了实际燃煤烟气中的多环芳烃催化治理实验。结果表明,以优化方     

大气污染及其防治

明:所研制的催化剂对CO、HC的超燃温度分别在182~Z10C之间;完全氧化温度在23。一25oC之间。具有起燃温度低、活性高的特性。高温处理后,T二坏和Tl〔j。%仅上升了8一24C,说明热稳定性良好。少量贵金属Pd分浸法以及在活性氧化铝涂层上使用无机胶粘剂的制备工艺能提高催化剂的热稳定性。图6表2参4Xsl 9903437有机醇对汽油发动机尾气排放的影响/宋远志(东风汽车工程研究院卜·//环境保护/国家环保总局一1999,(4)一24~26环信X一7 研究了甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异戊醇对汽油发动机怠速排放物中CO、CH化合物有害气体的影响,实验结果表…     

不同活性组分催化剂的氧化活性和热稳定性

采用流动法催化反应装置测定了蜂窝陶瓷负载催化剂同时催化氧化丙烷 ( C₃H₈)、丙烯 ( c₃H₆)和 CO的活性 ,考察活性组分 Pd和非贵金属氧化物、La改性、反应空速对起燃温度、热稳定性和动力学转化特征的影响 .结果显示 ,含 Pd催化剂上 C₃H₆和 CO的起燃温度比 C₃H₈低 ,1150℃高温老化对 C₃H₈氧化性能的影响比对 C₃H₆和 CO的小 .含稀土非贵金属氧化物的活性、热稳定性及动力学转化性能都比单 Pd催化剂低 ,添加 La能提高 2类催化剂的初活性和高温热稳定性 .     

对我国目前汽车排气净化器评价和测试方法的讨论

通过对国内外多种实用催化剂起燃温度的测定,排气中氧含量对起燃温度影响的研究,认为实用性催化剂对ＣＯ,ＨＣ的５０％转化时温度一般在２１０－２３０℃内是正常的,由于怠速条件下的排气温度和氧含量最低,因此使用怠速条件评价汽车催化转化器是不合理的,本文对目前我国汽车排气净化器检测方法和现状提出看法和建议。     

柴油机排放碳颗粒物的催化燃烧

在热天平装置上考察了柴油机和碳颗粒物燃烧催化剂的活性，讨论了样品制备因素对样品失重的影响，这些因素包括碳颗粒物组成、催化剂栽体、催化剂与碳颗粒物质量比，着重筛选了催化剂的组份，得到了组份催化剂ＣｕＣｌ２－ＫＣｏ－ＮＨ４ＶＯ３其５５０℃焙烧后能使样品的Ｔｍ和Ｔｆ值都降低１８０℃以上，并对催化剂的热稳定性进行了研究。     

甲醇燃料车尾气净化催化剂的研究(Ⅰ)──单组分催化剂对甲醇的深度氧化

利用色谱－微反联用技术对甲醇深度氧化进行了研究。结果表明：甲醇在所有催化剂上氧化时均产生副产物甲醛及甲酸甲酯;非贵金属氧化物催化剂以Ｃｕ－Ｏ／ｒ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的活性最优,其最佳负载量为１０％－２０％,不同的制备方法中以均匀沉淀法制备的催化剂最好;贵金属催化剂中Ａｇ／ｒ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的活性较好,其甲醇氧化的Ｔ５０,Ｔ９５分别只有１３５℃和１９０℃,而且伴生的甲醛及甲酸甲酯浓度也较低。不同催化剂的活性与其     

用改性三效催化剂净化汽车尾气的试验研究

在制备Cu-Mn-Ce-O三效催化剂的基础上，通过实验研究了制备各种催化剂的空燃比特性和温度特性，结果表明：掺杂非贵金属K、Fe和TiO2只能提高尾气中某些组分的转化率，缩小催化剂的操作窗口；贵金属Pd的加入提高了催化剂的三效活性，加宽了催化剂的操作窗口，而催化剂的起燃温度没有明显降低。     

选择性催化氧化NO的催化剂研究进展

工业生产过程产生的NO对大气环境造成严重污染。选择性催化氧化吸收法（SCO）脱硝是目前较有价值的脱硝技术。选择性催化氧化的关键在于催化剂的选择。目前,用于NO催化氧化的催化剂主要有活性炭类、分子筛类、贵金属类、过渡金属氧化物类催化剂。其中,过渡金属氧化物类催化剂具有良好的催化活性,价格低廉,制作简单等,是目前较有研究前景的催化剂。目前,关于SCO各类催化剂脱硝机理的研究,常温下经济实用且氧化、稳定、抗毒性能优良的催化剂的制备,以及催化氧化工业废气工艺的探索是脱硝催化剂未来的发展方向。     

芳烃燃烧钯催化剂的研究--载体、制备方法对催化活性的影响

以苯蒸气作为催化燃烧气，研究了３ 种不同载体和３ 种不同制备方法对金属负载型钯催化剂芳烃催化燃烧性能的影响，并用ＳＥＭ 对催化剂的表现形貌进行了分析．结果表明，载体及催化剂制备方法不同，催化剂的活性及耐热性不同．经一定的高温预处理后的含有稀土的ＦｅＣｒＡｌ 合金作载体性能较另两种载体优良；并提出了该催化剂较好的制备方法．     

Progress on metal-support interactions in Pd-based catalysts for automobile emission control

The interactions between metals and oxide supports, so-called metal-support interactions (MSI), are of great importance in heterogeneous catalysis. Pd-based automotive exhaust control catalysts, especially Pd-based three-way catalysts (TWCs), have received considerable research attention owing to its prominent oxidation activity of HCs/CO, as well as excellent thermal stability. For Pd-based TWCs, the dispersion, chemical state and thermal stability of Pd species, which are crucial to the catalytic performance, are closely associated with interactions between metal nanoparticles and their supporting matrix. Progress on the research about MSI and utilization of MSI in advanced Pd-based three-way catalysts are reviewed here. Along with the development of advanced synthesis approaches and engine control technology, the study on MSI would play a notable role in further development of catalysts for automobile exhaust control.     

Recent advances in catalytic decomposition of ozone

Ozone (O₃), as a harmful air pollutant, has been of wide concern. Safe, efficient, and economical O₃ removal methods urgently need to be developed. Catalytic decomposition is the most promising method for O₃ removal, especially at room temperature or even subzero temperatures. Great efforts have been made to develop high-efficiency catalysts for O₃ decomposition that can operate at low temperatures, high space velocity and high humidity. First, this review describes the general reaction mechanism of O₃ decomposition on noble metal and transition metal oxide catalysts. Then, progress on the O₃ decomposition performance of various catalysts in the past 30 years is summarized in detail. The main focus is the O₃ decomposition performance of manganese oxides, which are divided into supported manganese oxides and non-supported manganese oxides. Methods to improve the activity, stability, and humidity resistance of manganese oxide catalysts for O₃ decomposition are also summarized. The deactivation mechanisms of manganese oxides under dry and humid conditions are discussed. The O₃ decomposition performance of monolithic catalysts is also summarized from the perspective of industrial applications. Finally, the future development directions and prospects of O₃ catalytic decomposition technology are put forward.     

Photocatalytic performance of TiO2 catalysts modified by H3PW12O40, ZrO2 and CeO2

The binary composite photo-catalysts CeO2/TiO2, ZrO2/TiO2 and the ternary composite photo-catalysts H3PW12O40-CeO2/TiO2,H2PW12O40-ZrO2/TiO2 were prepared by sol-gel method. The catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photocatalyfic elimination of methanol was used as model reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the composite catalysts under ultraviolet light irradiation. The effects of doped content, activation temperature, time, initial concentration of methanol and gas flow rate on the catalytic activity were investigated. The results showed that after doping a certain amount of CeO2 and ZrO2, crystaniTation process of TiO2 was restrained, particles of catalysts are smaller and more uniform. Doping ZrO2 not only significantly improved the catalytic activity, but also increased thermal stability. Doping H3PW12O40 also enhanced the catalytic activity. The catalytic activities of binary and ternary composite photocatalysts were significantly higher than tin-doped TiO2. The dynamics law of photocatalytic reaction over the binary CeO2/TiO2 and ZrO2/TiO2 catalysts has been studied. The activation energy 15.627 and 15.631 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factors 0.5176 and 0.9899 s-1 over each corresponding catalyst were obtained. This reaction accords to the first order dynamics law.     

银-铋修饰TiO2纳米材料可见光催化剂制备及降解甲醛性能分析

预防和控制低浓度气态甲醛(HCHO)仍是室内环境污染所面临的巨大挑战之一,设计合成吸附能力强、催化氧化性能高、稳定性好的催化剂具有重要的实际应用价值。采用水热法和溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列Ag-Bi共掺杂的纳米结构Ag/Bi-TiO₂光催化剂,用于在可见光、无动力条件下催化降解室内低浓度气态甲醛。并采用XRD、SEM、BET、H₂-TPR、UV-vis、XPS等技术对所制催化剂进行表征分析,考察了制备方法、Ag-Bi掺入量、煅烧温度等条件对催化剂可见光催化氧化性能的影响。结果发现：水热法制得的Ag/Bi-TiO₂-H催化剂降解甲醛效果最佳,其48h降解率可达到94.1%,可将浓度为1.076 mg/m³的甲醛降低至0.093 mg/m³,显著提升了TiO₂的催化氧化性能,其Ag₂O/Ag、Bi³⁺和TiO₂间的协同耦合作用改善了催化剂的微观结构,增强其对可见光的吸收,促进了光生电子的形成及转移...     

复合催化剂CuO-MnO_2-CeO_2/13X制备及其对萘的催化性能

采用浸渍法制备出复合过渡金属氧化物催化剂Cu O-Mn O2-Ce O2/13X,并用氮吸附、SEM、XRD、TGA对其结构、组成及热稳定性进行了表征,同时在固定催化床中研究了Cu O-Mn O2-Ce O2/13X催化剂对萘的催化性能。BET分析表明6%Cu O-Mn O2-2%Ce O2/13X催化剂的比表面积达到了476 m2/g,平均孔径达到2.314 nm,SEM和XRD结果表明一定负载率下Cu O、Mn O2、Ce O2在13X表面呈高度分散状态,有利于催化剂的催化活性提高。催化降解实验结果表明助催化剂Ce O2的适量添加可以明显提高催化剂的性能,当催化剂的负载率为6%Cu O-Mn O2-2%Ce O2时其对萘的催化率达到了65%。     

δ-MnO2 decorated layered double oxides in-situ grown on nickel foam towards electrothermal catalysis of n-heptane

Energy-saving and efficient monolithic catalysts are hotspots of catalytic purification of industrial gaseous pollutants. Here, we have developed an electrothermal catalytic mode, in which the ignition temperature required for the reaction is provided by Joule heat generated when the current flows through the catalyst. In this paper, Mn/NiAl/NF, Mn/NiFe/NF and Mn/NF metal-based monolithic catalysts were prepared using nickel foam (NF) as the carrier for thermal and electrothermal catalysis of n-heptane. The results indicated that Mn-based monolithic catalysts exhibit high activity in thermal and electrothermal catalysis. Mn/NiFe/NF achieve conversion of n-heptane more than 99% in electrothermal catalysis under a direct-current (DC) power of 6 W, and energy-saving is 54% compared with thermal catalysis. In addition, the results indicated that the introduction of NiAl (or NiFe) greatly enhanced the catalytic activity of Mn/NF, which attributed to the higher specific surface area, Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺, Ni³⁺/Ni²⁺, adsorbed oxygen species (O_ads)/lattice oxygen species (O_latt), redox performance of the catalyst. Electrothermal catalytic activity was significantly higher than thermal catalytic activity before complete conversion, which may be related to electronic effects. Besides, Mn/NiFe/NF has good cyclic and long-term stability in electrothermal catalysis. This paper provided a theoretical basis for applying electrothermal catalysis in the field of VOCs elimination.     

氧化锰八面体分子筛的合成及其对苯催化氧化性能

采用回流的方法,制备了氧化锰八面体分子筛（OMS-2）纳米棒.利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、氮气吸附-脱附、程序升温还原（H2-TPR）分别对产物进行晶型、形貌、孔径和H2还原性能进行分析,并考察不同煅烧温度下的催化剂对苯的催化氧化性能及300℃煅烧催化剂的稳定性.结果表明,煅烧温度对氧化锰八面体分子筛（OMS-2）的表面特征有显著的影响,煅烧温度越高,比表面积和孔容越小,平均孔径越大.同时随着煅烧温度的增加,催化剂对苯的催化氧化性能降低.经300℃煅烧的催化剂对苯的催化活性最佳,反应温度为200℃时,苯的转化率达到了50%;当反应温度为250℃时,苯的转化率达到90%.经300℃煅烧的催化剂在260℃下70 h内,对苯的催化氧化性能降低了5%,具有良好的稳定性.     

催化分解N_2O催化剂的研究新进展

直接催化分解N2O技术已成为当前国内外工业脱除N2O应用研究的主流和发展方向,催化剂是技术核心。综述了贵金属、金属氧化物、沸石以及其他用于分解N2O的新型固体催化剂的最新研究现状。对催化剂的研究方法、思路进行了评述,总结了现存的问题,并展望了直接催化分解N2O催化剂未来的发展方向。其中,沸石类催化剂由于高活性和结构稳定性,有望成为理想的商用催化剂。