壳聚糖/改性平菇复合吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特性

以壳聚糖和经酒石酸改性的平菇粉末为材料,通过戊二醛进行交联反应,制得壳聚糖-改性平菇凝胶小球(CMPOD)复合生物吸附剂,用于水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附去除.结果表明,在实验所测pH值(2～10)范围内,复合吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量随着pH值上升而降低;随着Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度或温度的提高,吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量均相应增加,当Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为600mg/L,温度为50℃,Cr(Ⅵ)吸附量可达190mg/g以上;Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附符合准二级动力学方程及Freundlich等温吸附模型;热力学分析表明,吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程为自发的吸热反应.扫描电镜(SEM)分析显示,吸附剂具有发达的网状结构,吸附Cr(Ⅵ)后网状孔隙被填充,且能谱分析(EDS)出现明显的Cr(Ⅵ)吸收峰;傅立叶红外光谱分析(FTIR)表明,壳聚糖中的氨基成功引入复合吸附剂中,在Cr(Ⅵ)吸附中为主要作用官能团.     

改性米糠吸附处理含铬废水实验研究

采用磷酸酸化处理米糠,使用改性米糠处理含铬废水,以吸附率为评价指标,考察了吸附剂添加量、pH值、反应时间、温度及溶液Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度等主要因素对吸附率的影响。实验结果表明,酸改性米糠对含铬废水具有较优异的吸附效果,最大吸附率可达到81.3%;pH值为影响吸附率的最重要因素,pH值等于2时,吸附剂对Cr(VI)吸附效果最好;米糠用量、反应时间和溶液初始Cr(Ⅵ)浓度分别为17.5 g/L,90 min,30 mg/L时吸附效果最佳。     

氯化铁改性活性炭吸附Cr(VI)的性能研究

采用氯化铁溶液对活性炭进行改性,制备了氯化铁改性活性炭(Fe-GAC)。采用比表面积测定和孔容分析、扫描电镜分析以及Boehm官能团滴定等方法,对改性前后活性炭的表面理化性质进行表征。以含Cr(VI)废水为处理对象,考察了吸附剂投加量、时间、p H值、初始浓度、反应温度对吸附性能的影响。结果表明:对于浓度为10 mg/L的Cr(VI)溶液,Fe-GAC和GAC的最佳投加量为4 g/L时,去除率分别为98.23%和78.32%,吸附平衡时间均为300 min;在p H值4~10的范围内,吸附剂对Cr(VI)的去除率随着溶液p H值的增大而减少,吸附剂对Cr(VI)的去除率均随着溶液初始浓度的增大而减小。在15℃到35℃范围内,随着温度的增加,吸附剂对水中Cr(VI)的去除率均略有增加,吸附反应属于吸热反应。吸附过程与Langmuir吸附等温线方程及Lagergren准二级动力方程拟合较好,相关系数R2都在0.99以上。     

粉煤灰基质滤料对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附研究

通过静态吸附试验,研究了粉煤灰基质滤料对Cr（VI）的吸附性能,探讨了吸附时间、温度、pH值、初始浓度等对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,当滤料用量为200 g/L,溶液pH=3,初始浓度为20 mg/L,温度为30℃,转速为180 r/min的条件下振荡90 min,Cr（VI）的去除率可达到93%以上。粉煤灰基质滤料对Cr（VI）具有良好的吸附能力,吸附过程符合二级吸附动力学模型。     

HDTMA改性粉煤灰沸石对水中铬酸盐的吸附

以自制HDTMA-粉煤灰沸石为吸附剂,对铬酸盐的吸附进行了实验研究。讨论了吸附剂的投入量、废水pH值、吸附温度和吸附时间等各因素对Cr（VI）去除率的影响。研究表明：pH值对Cr（VI）的吸附效率无显著影响,且在HDTMA-粉煤灰沸石的投加量为20 g/L、吸附温度为30℃、吸附时间为60 min的条件下,Cr（VI）的去除率可达90%左右。     

桉树遗态Fe/C复合材料对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的动态吸附探讨

为研究桉树遗态Fe/C复合材料（PBGC-Fe/C）对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的净化能力及其动态吸附过程,以PBGC-Fe/C吸附剂为固定床,选择溶液初始pH、进水流速、溶液初始浓度、吸附剂投加量和环境温度为影响因素开展动态吸附试验分析.结果表明:在溶液初始pH为2,进水流速为5.14 mL/min,吸附剂投加量为2 g和环境温度为35℃的条件下,PBGC-Fe/C对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的最佳平衡吸附容量达到10.72 mg/g;提高溶液初始pH、进水流速和溶液初始质量浓度或降低吸附剂投加量均可缩短反应穿透时间和衰竭时间;Thomas和Yoon-Nelson模型均能较好地描述PBGC-Fe/C对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的动态吸附过程,说明该吸附过程中内部扩散和外部扩散均为非限速步骤,吸附速率常数（k_Th）随着进水流速的增大从1.3×10-3 mL/（min·mg）升至2.6×10-3 mL/（min·mg）,随着溶液初始质量浓度的增大从2.7×10-3 mL/（min·mg）降至1.4×10-3 mL/（min·mg）.研究显示,PBGC-Fe/C对水中Cr（Ⅵ）具有较好的动态吸附能力,具有较好的市场应用前景.      

琉基纤维素对水中Cr(VI)离子的吸附研究

制备了巯基纤维素并用其对含Cr(VI)离子的溶液进行了静态吸附实验.研究了pH值、吸附时间、反应温度、吸附剂用量等因素对吸附性能的影响.结果表明:在pH值为2、Cr(VI)浓度为50 mg/L和吸附剂为0.5 g时,常温条件下吸附6h后,Cr(VI)去除率达到99.2%,吸附反应符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温方程.     

琉基纤维素对水中Cr(VI)离子的吸附研究

制备了巯基纤维素并用其对含Cr(VI)离子的溶液进行了静态吸附实验.研究了pH值、吸附时间、反应温度、吸附剂用量等因素对吸附性能的影响.结果表明:在pH值为2、Cr(VI)浓度为50 mg/L和吸附剂为0.5 g时,常温条件下吸附6h后,Cr(VI)去除率达到99.2%,吸附反应符合Langmuir和Freundlic...     

铁钛改性膨润土对铬的吸附性能研究

通过X-荧光分析I、R光谱分析、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜分析手段对制备的铁钛改性膨润土进行了结构分析。研究了吸附剂用量、溶液pH、吸附时间等因素对Cr(VI)吸附行为的影响,比较了去除效果。结果表明:铁钛改性膨润土去除Cr(VI)的工艺条件为:吸附剂用量为6g/L,pH=3,吸附时间为15min,改性土对Cr(VI)的去除能力明显优于原土,处理Cr(VI)浓度为22mg/L左右的电镀废水,Cr(VI)去除率均在99%以上,残留Cr(VI)浓度低于国家综合排放标准(0.5mg/L)。     

豆角秸秆生物炭对水中Cr（Ⅵ）吸附性能研究

为了解生物炭对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附效果,本文选用蔬菜废物豆角秸秆为原材料,采用限氧升温法在400℃和700℃温度下制备了两种生物炭。并研究了投加量、初始浓度、pH值、吸附时间、温度等因素对生物炭吸附Cr（Ⅵ）的影响。研究结果表明,2种豆角秸秆生物炭对水中Cr（Ⅵ）均有较好的吸附率,吸附最佳条件略有不同;D400对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的最佳吸附条件为投加量8g/L,初始浓度小于40mg·L^-1,pH值2—3;D700对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的最佳吸附条件为投加量8g/L,初始浓度小于60mg·L^-1,pH值2—4;基本达到吸附平衡的时间均为60min;温度对生物炭吸附Cr（Ⅵ）的影响很小。     

油菜秸杆外壳对水溶液中六价铬的吸附作用

为探讨油菜秸秆外壳去除水溶液中重金属铬的可能性及其影响因素,并研究其吸附性能和吸附机制.采用Box-Behnken Design实验设计研究了水溶液中六价铬[Cr(VI)]初始浓度、pH值范围、油菜秸秆外壳添加量和吸附温度4个因素对油菜秸秆外壳去除溶液中Cr(VI)的影响作用;用吸附等温方程、吸附动力学方程与热力学方程分别探讨了油菜秸秆外壳去除水溶液中Cr(VI)的行为;采用红外光谱技术对油菜秸秆外壳吸附水溶液Cr(VI)前后进行表征,探讨其吸附机制.油菜秸秆外壳去除溶液中Cr(VI)的最佳条件组合为:在吸附时间为1440min时,Cr(VI)初始浓度为99.15mg/L、pH值为1.01、油菜秸秆外壳添加量为2.90g/L和吸附温度35.70℃,Cr(VI)去除率为91.97%;吸附等温线拟合,吸附Cr(VI)行为符合Freundlich方程,为优惠吸附;热力学研究表明:溶液中Cr(VI)吸附属吸热反应,且为自发吸附行为;吸附动力学显示:油菜秸秆外壳去除溶液Cr(VI)符合准二阶动力学方程,吸附过程中存在离子交换;红外光谱提示:吸附过程中,O—H、C—H、NH3+、N—H和C—O基团与Cr(VI) 络合吸附发挥了重要作用.油菜秸秆外壳能够有效吸附水溶液中的Cr(VI),pH值是最为重要的影响因素.     

Polyphenylene sulfide based anion exchange fiber: Synthesis, characterization and adsorption of Cr(VI)

A fibrous strong base anion exchanger (QAPPS) was prepared for the first time via chloromethylation and quaternary amination reaction of polyphenylene sulfide fiber (PPS), and its physical-chemical structure and adsorption behavior for Cr(VI) were characterized by FT-IR, Energy Dispersive Spectrometry, TG-DTG, elemental analysis and batch adsorptive technique, respectively. The novel fibrous adsorbent could effectively adsorb Cr(VI) over the pH range 1-12, the maximum adsorption capacity was 166.39 mg/g at pH 3.5, and the adsorption behavior could be described well by Langmuir isotherm equation model. The adsorption kinetics was studied using pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order models, and the t_1/2 and equilibrium adsorption time were 5 and 20 min respectively when initial Cr(VI) concentration was 100 mg/L. The saturated fibers could be regenerated rapidly by a mixed solution of 0.5 mol/L NaOH and 0.5 mol/L NaCl, and the adsorption capacity was well maintained after six adsorption-desorption cycles.     

Synthesis of a novel illite@carbon nanocomposite adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater

A novel illite@carbon (I@C) nanocomposite adsorbent has been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) using glucose as carbonaceous source and illite as the carrier. The morphology, microstructure and surface properties of the prepared nanocomposite adsorbent were analyzed by FESEM, TGA, XRD, FT-IR and Zeta potential measurements. Batch experiments were carried out on the adsorption of Cr(VI) to determine the adsorption properties of the composite. The adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the I@C nanocomposite was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm. Compared with the illite and carbon material (SC) separately, the prepared I@C nanocomposite adsorbent exhibited enhanced adsorption performance for Cr(VI) with a maximum adsorption capacity of 149.25 mg/g, which was higher than that of most reported adsorbents. In addition, the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic based on the adsorption thermodynamics study. The adsorption of Cr(VI) by I@C was highly pH-dependent and the optimum adsorption occurred at pH 2.0. The Zeta potential analysis results indicated that the electrostatic interactions between anionic Cr(VI) and the positively charged surface of the adsorbent might be critical to the adsorption mechanism. This study demonstrated that the I@C nanocomposite should be a promising candidate for a low-cost, environmental friendly and highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of toxic Cr(VI) from wastewater.     

Synthesis, characterization and application of Lagerstroemia speciosa embedded magnetic nanoparticle for Cr(VI) adsorption from aqueous solution

Lagerstroemia speciosa bark (LB) embedded magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ salt solution with ammonia and LB for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution. The native LB, magnetic nanoparticle (MNP), L. speciosa embedded magnetic nanoparticle (MNPLB) and Cr(VI) adsorbed MNPLB particles were characterized by SEM–EDX, TEM, BET-surface area, FT-IR, XRD and TGA methods. TEM analysis confirmed nearly spherical shape of MNP with an average diameter of 8.76 nm and the surface modification did not result in the phase change of MNP as established by XRD analysis, while led to the formation of secondary particles of MNPLB with diameter of 18.54 nm. Characterization results revealed covalent binding between the hydroxyl group of MNP and carboxyl group of LB particles and further confirmed its physico-chemical nature favorable for Cr(VI) adsorption. The Cr(VI) adsorption on to MNPLB particle as an adsorbent was tested under different contact time, initial Cr(VI) concentration, adsorbent dose, initial pH, temperature and agitation speed. The results of the equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption were well described by Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order model, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters suggest spontaneous and endothermic nature of Cr(VI) adsorption onto MNPLB. The maximum adsorption capacity for MNPLB was calculated to be 434.78 mg/g and these particles even after Cr(VI) adsorption were collected effortlessly from the aqueous solution by a magnet. The desorption of Cr(VI)-adsorbed MNPLB was found to be more than 93.72% with spent MNPLB depicting eleven successive adsorption–desorption cycles.     

草酸改性杨树叶对六价铬的吸附性能

利用草酸改性杨树叶为试验材料,对溶液中六价铬进行吸附去除。试验结果表明:当p H=2,吸附剂剂量为0.3 g,反应时间为120 min时,该材料对50 m L浓度为50 mg/L含铬废水的去除率达99.1%;伪二级动力学方程能较好地拟合该材料对Cr(VI)的吸附动力学过程,揭示其吸附主要是离子交换吸附;Langmuir方程能较好模拟该材料对Cr(VI)的等温吸附过程,表明其吸附主要是单分子层吸附,最大吸附量为40.91 mg/g。热力学研究表明,Cr(VI)在该材料表面的吸附是一个自发、吸热的物理吸附过程。     

壳聚糖-钇多孔微球对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能与机理分析

以壳聚糖和Y2(OH)5NO3为原料通过乳液交联法制备了壳聚糖-钇(Ch—Y)复合微球,通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱等方法对其表面形貌、结构进行了表征.探讨了溶液的pH值、反应时间、投加量、离子初始浓度对其吸附性能的影响.研究结果表明,壳聚糖-钇(Ch—Y)复合微球在pH值为3的酸性环境中对Cr(Ⅵ)保持了较高的吸附能力,吸附容量为52.39mg·g-1,其吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温模型;通过吸附机理的研究,发现壳聚糖-钇(Ch—Y)对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附是化学吸附静电吸附协同氧化Cr(Ⅵ)离子作用来实现的.     

铁氧化物改性黏土对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

利用铁氧化物对黏土进行了包覆改性,采用静态吸附法对该改性黏土吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的特性进行了研究,并考虑了反应时间、pH、浓度、温度对吸附的影响。实验结果表明,整个吸附过程基本在3h内完成;改性黏土对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量随溶液初始pH的增大而明显减小;随着溶液初始浓度和温度的增大而增大。同时,在初始pH为3.0的条件下,研究了改性黏土吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的动力学和热力学特性,结果表明,改性黏土对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附能较好地符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温式。由Langmuir等温式得出,在293K、初始pH为3.0条件下的单层饱和吸附量为12.91 mg•g-1。确定了改性黏土吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的热力学参数,表明该吸附过程是一个吸热的自发过程。与原土的对比实验表明,改性黏土对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附能力大大增强。     

双子型复配增强两性膨润土吸附Cr(VI)的效应

在两性修饰剂十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱（BS）修饰膨润土的基础上,采用双子型阳离子修饰剂乙撑基双十四烷基二甲基氯化铵（EB）对其进行复配修饰,以批处理法研究了不同修饰比例、温度、pH值和离子强度条件下,BS+EB复配修饰膨润土对Cr（VI）的吸附规律和热力学特征,并通过吸附Cr（VI）前后BS+EB复配修饰膨润土的红外光谱和表面电荷探讨了其吸附机制.结果表明,与BS两性修饰膨润土比较,EB复配修饰显著增强了其对Cr（VI）的吸附能力,吸附量增加了2.02~27.25倍,30℃时吸附量呈现BS+150EB（BS和150%比例的EB复配修饰膨润土） > BS+100EB > BS+50EB > BS+25EB > BS > CK（膨润土）的趋势,对Cr（VI）的吸附量随EB修饰比例增加而上升.CK、BS修饰膨润土对Cr（VI）呈现自发、熵增和焓增的特征,而BS+EB复配修饰膨润土对Cr（VI）吸附量随着温度的升高而降低,呈现出增温负效应.随着pH值的升高、离子强度增加,各供试土样对Cr（VI）的吸附量逐渐降低.红外光谱和土壤表面电荷结果证实电荷引力是BS+EB复配修饰土吸附Cr（VI）的主要机制.     

A.ferrooxidans对高硫煤矸石去除酸性水体中Cr(VI)的强化作用

本研究考察了Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans（A.ferrooxidans）联合高硫煤矸石（富含FeS₂）对模拟煤矿酸性水体中Cr（VI）的去除效果.结果表明,处理Cr（VI）初始浓度为50mg/L的模拟煤矿酸性废水（pH=2.5）时,投配率为6.67~33.33g/L高硫煤矸石可使Cr（VI）去除达到良好效果.50mg/LCr（VI）在24h内即可完全被高硫煤矸石中的FeS₂还原成Cr（III）,且在反应终点时（120h）,6.67,13.33,33.33g/L高硫煤矸石对还原产物Cr（III）的吸附去除率分别为7.1%、20.2%、29.1%.然而,在高硫煤矸石的还原和吸附作用下,大部分的Cr仍以Cr（III）形式残留在酸性水体中,且高硫煤矸石的大量投加也给水体带来了Fe²⁺、Fe³⁺、SO₄^2-等二次污染物.在高硫煤矸石-Cr（VI）体系中引入A.ferrooxidans和9K培养基后,A.ferrooxidans介导的Fe²⁺生物氧化及产物Fe³⁺水解矿化过程可促进部分Fe²⁺、Fe³⁺、SO₄^2-等向次生铁矿物（包括施氏矿物和黄钾铁矾）转变,从而使模拟酸性水体中残留的Cr（III）通过次生铁矿物的吸附或共沉淀作用被清除.在A.ferrooxidans强化作用下,模拟煤矿酸性废水中Cr（VI）在96h即可达到99.4%的去除率.