共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 765 毫秒
1.
Spatial variability and temporal trends of HCH and DDT in soils around Beijing Guanting Reservoir,China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wenyou Hu Yonglong Lu Tieyu Wang Wei Luo Yajuan Shi John P. Giesy Jing Geng Wentao Jiao Guang Wang Chunli Chen 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(5):441-449
Spatial variability and temporal trends in concentrations of the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)
and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), in surface soils around Beijing Guanting Reservoir (GTR) were studied in 2003 and
2007. Concentrations of the two OCPs in soils around GTR were generally less than reference values set by the Chinese government
for the protection of agricultural production and human health. Among the OCPs, β-HCH and p, p′-DDE were the two predominant compounds. This result indicates that the HCH and DDT residues in soils were primarily from
historical use. Based on kriging, a spatial distribution of HCH and DDT around the GTR was observed. Spatial variability indicated
how HCH and DDT had been applied and been distributed in the past. Between 2003 and 2007, concentrations of HCH and DDT decreased
more rapidly in orchard soils than those in fallow soils. 相似文献
2.
Syed Ali-Musstjab-Akber-Shah Eqani Riffat Naseem Malik Ashiq Mohammad 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2011,33(1):33-47
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), viz. β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), γ-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, endosulfan-I,
endosulfan-II, heptachlor endoepoxide, heptachlor exoepoxide, mirex, dicofol, o,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (o,p′-DDT), p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p′-DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethylene (DDE) and 12 other physicochemical parameters
were measured in surface sediments from River Chenab during two sampling seasons (summer and winter, 2007) to evaluate spatial
and temporal trends of sediment pollution. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis identified three groups of sites based
on spatial similarities in physicochemical parameters and OCP residual concentrations. Spatial discriminant function analysis
(DFA) segregated 14 parameters, viz. dicofol, endosulfan-I, heptachlor endoepoxide, dieldrin, DDD, DDE, endosulfan-II, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDT, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Cl−1, total P (%), and silt, which explained 96% of total variance between spatial groups. γ-HCH was the most frequently detected
(63%) pesticide, followed by DDD (56%). The ratio of DDTs to their metabolites indicated current input and anaerobic biodegradation.
Temporal DFA highlighted aldrin, heptachlor endoepoxide, Cl−1, total P, and EC as important variables which caused variations between summer and winter. DDTs were relatively more prevalent
as compared to other OCPs in the sediments samples during both seasons. DDT metabolites were detected at greater frequencies
and concentrations in winter, whereas DDT isomers were more prevalent in summer sediment samples. Factor analysis identified
agricultural and industrial activities as major sources of sediment OCP contamination. Concentrations of γ-HCH, heptachlor
endoepoxide, dieldrin, and DDTs (isomers and metabolites) in all sediment samples were well above interim sediment quality
guidelines (ISQGs) and probable effect limits (PEL) given by Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines (CSQGs). 相似文献
3.
Residues of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) namely 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCH-isomers), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) and its metabolites, and endosulfan stereoisomers were analyzed in dry and green fodder samples from rural areas of Ambala, Gurgaon, and Hisar districts of Haryana, India during winter, summer, and post-monsoon seasons. The HCH isomers γ-HCH and β-HCH, and DDT and its metabolites p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDE, and p,p′-DDT had more traceability in test samples as compared to other isomers and metabolites studied. Total OCPs (ΣOCPs), i.e., ΣHCH, ΣDDT, and Σendosulfan were found to be the highest in wheat straw (1.1–1.2?mg?kg?1) from Ambala and Gurgaon, followed by that in sorghum straw (0.46?mg?kg?1) from Hisar. Dry fodder samples were found to have relatively higher residue levels than green fodders. In case of green fodder samples, maximum ΣOCP residues of 0.44?mg?kg?1 were found in whole plant samples of sorghum from Gurgaon district followed by that in pearl millet (0.40?mg?kg?1) from Ambala. The findings indicate highly significant differences (p?>?0.0001) in ΣOCPs and ΣDDT in wheat straw between different districts and reveal the persistence of OCP residues in both dry and green fodder samples in the study area. 相似文献
4.
T. Stoichev L. Makedonski T. Trifonova M. Stancheva F. Ribarova 《Chemistry and Ecology》2007,23(3):191-200
In spite of a worldwide reduction in the utilization of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), they are still a problem for the aquatic environment and human health. The Black Sea is still being polluted with persistent chemicals, including OCPs. Aquatic organisms (sprat, scad, bluefish, shad, belted bonito, goby, and black mussel) with different feeding behaviours were sampled on a seasonal basis from the Bulgarian region of the Black Sea, and the concentrations of 13 OCP residues were determined. Although many of the OCPs were not detected in the samples, in all samples 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) was present mainly in the form of its metabolites 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDD) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE). Only about 12% of the total DDT was present as the parent compound pp-DDT, which suggests that it was not being used recently in the region. The total DDT concentrations were generally below 150 μg kg-1 fresh weight, but higher levels—up to 354 μg kg-1 fresh weight—were also measured for fish species with a high fat content. Between-species differences were observed, even when the concentrations were presented on a fat-level basis. DDT concentrations did not show any significant changes over the 2-yr sampling period. Fish sampled in the northern areas of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast seemed to contain higher DDT levels than those from the southern areas, suggesting a major (historical) influence of the Danube River. For permanent monitoring purposes, the utility of Black Sea gobies and scad should be considered. 相似文献
5.
Hong-Wei Pan Hong-Jun Lei Xiao-Song He Bei-Dou Xi Yu-Ping Han Qi-Gong Xu 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2017,39(2):417-429
To study the influence of long-term pesticide application on the distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the soil–groundwater system, 19 soil samples and 19 groundwater samples were collected from agricultural area with long-term pesticide application history in Northern China. Results showed that the composition of OCPs changed significantly from soil to groundwater. For example, ∑DDT, ∑HCH, and ∑heptachlor had high levels in the soil and low levels in the groundwater; in contrast, endrin had low level in the soil and high level in the groundwater. Further study showed that OCP distribution in the soil was significantly influenced by its residue time, soil organic carbon level, and small soil particle contents (i.d. <0.0002 mm). Correlation analysis also indicates that the distribution of OCPs in the groundwater was closely related to the levels of OCPs in the soil layer, which may act as a pollution source. 相似文献
6.
Distribution patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls in soils collected
from Zhejiang province, east China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Gao J Luo Y Li Q Zhang H Wu L Song J Qian W Christie P Chen S 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2006,28(1-2):79-87
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in surface soil samples from Zhejiang Province, east China. Concentrations of total PCBs ranged widely from 7.50 to 263 ng kg−1 with a mean value of 45.4 ng kg−1 (dry matter basis). In general, concentrations in soil samples from the southern part of the test area and especially from some sites near hills tended to be higher than those from other sites. The prevailing winds may have been the main factor influencing the spatial distribution of PCBs in soils. Other factors may have included the distribution of residential areas and land use variables. In this paper we also discuss the relationships between OCPs and PCBs in soils and relationships between these and land use variables as revealed by correlation analysis. 相似文献
7.
Distribution,sources and potential risk of HCH and DDT in soils from a typical alluvial plain of the Yangtze River Delta region,China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Wenyou Hu Biao Huang Yongcun Zhao Weixia Sun Zhiquan Gu 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2014,36(3):345-358
Spatial distribution, sources and potential health risks of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), in surface soils (n = 544) collected from a typical alluvial plain of the Yangtze River Delta region, China, were elucidated. Concentrations of ΣHCH and ΣDDT in soils ranged from less than the limit of detection (<LOD) to 99.0 ng g?1, dry weight (dw) (mean 3.23 ng g?1 dw) and <LOD to 600 ng g?1 dw (mean 88.8 ng g?1 dw), respectively. Historical applications of HCH and DDT were the major sources of the residue in soils. HCH was mainly distributed in Anthrosols in the southern part of the watershed, while DDT was mainly distributed in Cambosols in the northern part. The 95 % cumulative probability incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) of different age groups such as children, youths, and adults all exceeded the acceptable risk level of 10?6 recommended by USEPA for carcinogenic chemicals. The spatial distributions of ∑ILCRs were consistent with concentrations of OCPs in soils, while they were slight different for the different age groups. Adult females had the greatest risk of OCPs in soils, followed by children, while youths had the least risk. The ingestion of OCPs in soils was the more important route of exposure compared with dermal and inhalation exposures. The concentration of OCPs in soils, the particulate emission factor, the fraction of dermal exposure ratio, and the soil ingestion rate were the major contributing variables to total ILCRs according to sensitivity analyses. 相似文献
8.
Distribution and bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides along the Black Sea coast 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sediment, mussel, and seawater samples were collected three times during 2001–2003 at nine sampling stations along the mid-Black
Sea coast of Turkey. The samples were analyzed with GC-ECD for contents of various organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the
environment. DDT and its metabolites were detected at concentrations significantly above the detection limits. The highest
concentrations of DDT metabolites measured in the sediment and mussel samples were 35.9 and 14.0 ng/g wet weight respectively.
Considerable levels of aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor epoxide, lindane, endosulfan sulphate, and HCB were also detected
in the sediment, mussel, or seawater samples. Although these persistent toxic compounds have been banned for some years in
Turkey, they may still be used illegally in some regions, contributing to their significant levels in the environment. The
biota–sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) estimated for DDT and its metabolites in mussels was 2.9, which is nearly two times
higher than the benchmark of 1.7. In spite of such high BSAF values observed for these toxic compounds, their levels in mussels
were significantly below the international legal limits recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations. Edible biota from the waterbodies examined may thus still be considered safe for human consumption at this time.
However, as pollutants can biomagnify through the food chain over time, further routine sampling and analysis of biota along
the Black Sea coast are warranted in order to better assess the threat of OCPs to public health in the region. 相似文献
9.
The purpose of this study was to determine concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Bouri fish (Mugil cephalus) from Lake Qarun, a protected area of Egypt, and evaluate the relative ecological risk of these compounds. Different tissues of the fish species were analyzed for 26 chlorinated pesticides and 29 PCB congeners. Total concentrations (µg/kg wet weight, ww) of OCPs ranged between 1487 and 6217 (mean: 3260) and of PCBs between 9.0 and 61 (mean: 34). The trend of detected organochlorine pollutants was: endrin aldehyde > dieldrin > hexachlorobenzene > PCBs > endrin > 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethanes (DDTs). Heptachlor epoxide; oxy-, cis-, and trans-chlordane; trans-nonachlor; β-hexachlorocyclohexane; δ-hexachlorocyclohexane; and endosulfan I and endosulfan sulfate levels were below the detection limit. The ratios of (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylenes [DDEs] + 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethanes [DDDs])/ΣDDTs in fish tissues indicated no recent DDT exposure. Concentrations of DDTs and PCBs were generally comparable or higher than those found in studies of similar species worldwide. The concentrations of hexachlorobenzene, dieldrin, and endrin aldehyde in fish muscles exceeded the maximum residue level recommended by various organizations. 相似文献
10.
Mudassar Khan Ashiq Mohammad Karam Ahad Athanasios Katsoyiannis Salman Akbar Malik Muhammad Abdullaha Azhar Rashid Mauro Fasola Alamdar Hussain Habib Bokhari Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2014,36(3):375-384
We investigated selected chlorinated pollutants (β-HCH, γ-HCH, DDDs, DDEs, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDT, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin) in the Lahore and the Sialkot districts of Pakistan, using eggs of cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) collected during May and June 2007. The pollutant with highest level and frequency was ΣDDT, followed by β-HCH, γ-HCH, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin in descending order. The concentration(s) were significantly higher in Sialkot heronry for all the pollutants (except p,p′-DDT) than in Lahore. The values for DDTs, β-HCH, γ-HCH, and heptachlor were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the egg(s) than in sediment(s) and in the chicks’ diet, due to biomagnification. Among DDTs analogues, p,p′-DDD was the major contaminant with >60 % of total DDT burden, reflecting the widespread aged as well as recent use of DDT as well as anaerobic degradation (DDD/DDE > 1 in many cases) in the nearby paddy soils. In few samples, p,p′-DDT/(DDD + DDE) > 0.5 suggested the recent emission patterns from surrounding contaminated areas of demolished DDT units and obsolete pesticide stores. The higher levels of HCHs (i.e., β-HCH) in the samples collected from Sialkot indicate exposure from long-term agricultural use. Overall, concentrations of all studied POPs were less than the threshold levels known to affect reproduction. Nevertheless, total DDTs and/or HCHs burdens in some eggs contained concentrations of greater than what would educe adverse effects on birds. This is among few studies on OCPs exposure to avian species, which provide the evidence of Pakistan’s contribution toward the Global POPs emission. 相似文献
11.
A systematic survey of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) including hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH and ΣHCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane metabolites (p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDD and ∑DDT) in soils along the north coastal areas of the Bohai Sea, China, has been lacking. In this study, 31 representative surface soil samples were collected along the north coastal and riverine areas of the Bohai Sea to characterise the potential for adverse effects of ∑HCH, ∑DDT and their individual isomers and transformation products. Concentrations of ΣHCH and ΣDDT in soils ranged from less than the limit of detection (1 ng · g?1 dw (mean: 3.5 ng · g?1 dw) and2 ng · g?1 dw (mean: 1.7 × 101 ng · g?1 dw), respectively. Compared with studies of OCPs in soils from other locations, concentrations of HCHs and DDTs observed in this study were moderate. Concentrations of OCPs observed in soils were generally less than proposed reference values. HCH residues were a mixture of historical technical HCH and current lindane sources. The pattern of DDTs was consistent with historical releases of technical DDTs. Selected soil physicochemical properties did not explain the sorption and/or partitioning of HCHs or DDTs. 相似文献
12.
Nebile Daglioglu Ramazan Akcan Pinar Efeoglu Nihal Inandiklioglu Mete Korkut Gulmen Osman Demirhan 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(6):954-961
The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in amniotic fluid of 200 pregnant women from the Cukurova region of Turkey. The concentrations of OCPs [hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (p,p′-DDT), and various metabolites], and different PCB congeners (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) were determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detection as follows: HCB 6.6 ± 4.7, ΣHCH 21.6 ± 14.2, ΣDDT 12.5 ± 7.5, and ΣPCBs 74.0 ± 54 ng mL?1. Correlations of maternal or gestational age and levels of OCPs and PCBs were not significant. The levels of these organochlorine compounds (OCs) were below detection limit for 5% of the samples, 80% contained more than one OC. This study illustrates that prenatal exposure of a fetus to OCs is prevalent in the Cukurova region. 相似文献
13.
广东北江上游流域农田土壤有机氯农药残留及其分布特征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
北江是珠江的重要支流之一,为确定北江上游流域农田土壤有机氯农药(OCPs)的含量、来源以及分布特征,2010年11月,对该区域水稻田、菜地和果园土壤进行了采样、处理以及GC/MS分析。研究结果表明:27种OCPs中,除环氧七氯、狄氏剂、硫丹I、反式九氯、顺式九氯、异狄氏剂醛和甲氧氯外,其余均有不同程度的检出。总OCPs质量分数为2.71~62.4 ng.g-1,平均11.9 ng.g-1;含量最高的为DDTs,其次为硫丹和HCHs,其质量分数范围分别为1.82~60.3、0.103~19.6和nd(未检出)~1.74 ng.g-1;水稻田土壤DDTs的含量与果园相当,但明显高于菜地的残留水平。研究区域OCPs的源分析表明,HCHs主要来自于早期商业HCHs和林丹农药的残留,DDTs源于商业DDTs和三氯杀螨醇农药的残留。北江上游流域农田表层土壤OCPs储存量约为342 kg,其中DDTs 243 kg、硫丹63.7 kg、HCHs 15.0 kg。与国内外同类型报道相比,结合我国GB 15618-1995《土壤环境质量标准》,研究区域土壤OCPs残留的程度较低。 相似文献
14.
As part of a pollution monitoring study, oysters (Crassostrea gasar) were sampled in June 1996, in order to determine the concentrations and distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbons in two stations (near Boulay Island and Riviera Golf) of the Ebrie Lagoon, in the Abidjan area. The chromatographic analysis of the oven dried samples revealed the presence of PCBs (2.13 to 86.22 ppb or ng/g dry weight), DDE (<0.48 to 169.55 ppb), DDD (<1.04 to 60.27 ppb), DDT (1.43 to 77.81 ppb, lindane (<0.22 to 91.64 ppb), aldrin (<0.30 to 154.1 ppb), endrin (<0.23 to 293.31 ppb) and dieldrin (<0.26 to 199.74 ppb). the results indicated high concentrations in oysters sampled near Boulay Island, due to industrial, agricultural and port activities going on in this area. Compared to DDD/ΣDDT and DDT/ΣDDT, the DDE/ΣDDT ratios were high indicating old DDT inputs. the ΣDDT/PCBs ratios were higher than 1 illustrated the predominance of organochlorine inputs from agriculture activities. the presence of lindane in both stations illustrated the problem of fishing with toxic products. Negative correlations found between dry tissue weight and organochlorine compounds concentrations showed that young oysters may concentrate more of these substances. More studies are needed in order to make any conclusions on their bioaccumulation trends. 相似文献
15.
Sediment cores from four lakes across the Tibetan Plateau were used as natural archives to study the time trends of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The total concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ΣDDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (ΣHCH) were in the range of 0.04–1.61 and 0.08–1.88 ng/g based on dry weight (dw), while the input fluxes were in the range of 0.3–236 and 0.7–295 pg/cm2/y in the core sediments, respectively. The input fluxes of ΣDDT and ΣHCH generally peaked in sediment layers corresponding to the 1970s–1990s and peaked in top sediment layers. The ratio of α/γ-HCH decreased in the top layer sediments, implying that the contribution of lindane (pure γ-HCH) has been increasing in recent years. In addition, the ratio of o,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDT increased significantly over the last 15–20 years, suggesting that dicofol (characterized by high ratio of o,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDT about 7.0) has recently become a relatively more important source of DDT compared to technical DDT itself. The time trends of OCPs recorded in lake sediments examined the impact on such remote alpine regions by human activities. 相似文献
16.
Wang Y Guo S Xu Y Wang W Qi S Xing X Yuan D 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2012,34(4):493-502
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the air of Dayan Cave in Guilin were analyzed, to investigate the source and contamination levels. Generally, air outside of the cave had much higher concentrations than inside air, and both outside and inside air showed much lower contamination levels than those observed in other regions in China and abroad. The ratios of α-/γ-HCHs and the percentages of β-(or δ-)HCH implied a residue of historical local technical HCH contamination. The DDT concentrations, o,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDE/p,p'-DDT suggested fresh DDT-containing products acted as the primary source of DDT for the air in Dayan Cave. An intermediate level concentration of α-endosulfan (156.00?pg/m(3)) was observed in the outside air, implying local source was dominant. Based on the similar sources of HCH and DDT and the relationships between outside and inside air, it appeared that outside air pollutants affected on inside HCH and DDT's distribution. For other OCPs, outside air might be major contributor to inside air contamination under conditions of high concentrations in outside air compared with low levels in inside air for semi-closed karstic caves. 相似文献
17.
K. Feng B.Y. Yu X.L. Wang D.M. Ge X.Z. Wang M.H. Wong Z.H. Cao 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2004,26(2):253-258
This paper reports a study of the distribution of organo-chlorine pesticides (DDT and HCH) between rice plants and the soil system by spraying before the heading stage at four different dosage levels – control, normal dosage (15 kg ha–1 of 6% HCH and 7.5 kg ha–1 of 25% DDT), double dosage and four times dosage. Soil and plant samples were taken respectively at the 1st h, 3rd, 10th, 20th, and 40th day after spraying and at the harvest time. The results indicate that less than 5% of HCH and 15% of DDT were absorbed by the surface of rice leaves for normal dosage. Most of both pesticides moved into the soil in solution after spraying. Compared with DDT, HCH was degraded and run off more easily. HCH residues in the surface soil layer (1–3 cm) were already below 6.4 g kg–1 at the mature stage, lower than Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Agricultural Soils: HCH <0.05 mg kg–1. However DDT residues in the surface soil layer remained 172 g kg–1, higher than the national standard: DDT <0.05 mg kg–1. According to the test f OCP residues in rice seeds, it can be concluded that the OCP sprayed onto the surface of rice leaves can move into rice plants and accumulate in the seeds at the mature stage. HCH residues in rice seeds of the double and four times dosage treatments, and DDT residues in all treatments, exceeded the Chinese National Food Standard (HCH <0.10 mg kg–1, DDT <0.20 mg kg–1). 相似文献
18.
Effects of land use on concentrations of metals in surface soils and ecological risk around Guanting Reservoir,China 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Luo W Lu Y Giesy JP Wang T Shi Y Wang G Xing Y 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2007,29(6):459-471
It is accepted that the historical routine use of agrochemicals may have resulted in undesirable concentrations of metals
in the environment. To investigate and assess the effects of land use on concentrations of heavy metals around the Guanting
Reservoir in China, 52 surface soil samples (depth of 2–10 cm) were taken from areas where four types of land use were practiced
(including arable land, woodland, bare land, orchard land). The metals and metalloids (As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) were
analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Significant accumulation of As, Cd, and
Cr was found in soils of arable land. Based on correlation and cluster analysis, it can be concluded that Cd and Zn originate
mainly from phosphate fertilizer, Pb from the use of insecticides, fertilizers, and sewage sludge as well as air deposition,
and Cu from copper-based fungicides, while As, Ni and Cr might come from parent soil material. According to an ecological
risk analysis of metals based on the ecological index suggested by Hakanson, the four types of land can be ranked by severity
of ecological risk as follows: arable land > woodland > bare land > orchard land, with a high ecological risk of Cd for all
four types. Management measures for land use planners for avoiding water, soil, and sediment pollution caused by metals around
the Guanting Reservoir are presented. 相似文献
19.
Jiaquan Zhang Shihua Qi Xinli Xing Lingzhi Tan Wei Chen Ying Hu Dan Yang Chenxi Wu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(2):177-183
Soil is an important source to other environmental media and organisms for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) bioaccumulation. Twenty-four representative surface soil samples were collected from the lower reaches of the Jiulong River, China, in 2009. The concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs) ranged from 0.38 to 39.52 ng·g?1, with a mean value of 9.51 ng·g?1. The concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and their metabolites were within the ranges of 0.94–700.99 ng·g?1, with a mean value of 71.17 ng·g?1. The concentrations of HCHs and DDTs in the soil were lower than the first grade level (50 ng·g?1) of the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard (GB15618-1995). Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Pearson’s bivariate Correlations Analysis (PCA) were used to analyse the distribution and contamination levels of OCPs in this region. The results showed that DDTs were the major contaminants and there were no significant correlations between various OCPs concentrations and the total organic carbon (TOC) contents. A significant positive correlation was observed between HCHs and DDTs (p<0.01), which indicates that HCHs and DDTs may have similar sources and fate in the study area. 相似文献