气相色谱质谱-内标法检测油漆中苯系物

以氯苯为内标物,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对油漆中苯系物的检测技术进行了研究,考察了主要苯系物的线性、回收率和精密度情况,开发出一种同时检测油漆中六种苯系物的高灵敏度方法。对样品的色谱分离条件、提取溶剂、定量方法及内标物选择等进行了优化,实现了一次进样同时定性定量检测油漆中6种苯系物。六种苯系物在1.0~500.0μg/mL范围内线性良好,各种苯系物的标准工作曲线线性相关系数0.995 4~0.999 8;在100.0~500.0μg/mL浓度范围内,加标回收率在85.01%~107.44%之间,精密度在2.58%~12.43%之间;5种苯系物组分中苯、甲苯、乙苯、间(对)二甲苯、邻二甲苯的最小检测浓度(按三倍信噪比)分别为0.01、0.002、0.05、0.05、0.05μg/mL。该方法灵敏度较高,所得数据准确,是一种检测油漆等化工品中苯及同系物含量的有效方法。     

顶空GC-MS快速分析油漆稀释剂中的苯系物

建立了同时测定油漆稀释剂中常见的7种苯系物的顶空气相色谱-质谱联用(HS/GC-MS)检测方法。研究了顶空条件,包括孵化温度、孵化时间和振动速度,并对色谱参数进行了优化。结果表明:孵化温度60℃、孵化时间20 min、振动速度300 r/min是顶空的最佳条件,DB-5MS UI(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)的色谱柱对7种苯系物在10 min内能进行有效的分离。在优化条件下,7种苯系物的线性范围为0.25~100.0μg/m L,相关系数为0.998 5~1.000,检出限为0.15μg/m L(S/N≥3)。在3个加标水平下,稀释剂中苯系物的回收率在90%~110%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)是0.5%~6.5%。该方法简单、灵敏,可用于油漆稀释剂中苯系物的快速检测。     

吹脱捕集——气相色谱法测定水中的苯系物

吹脱捕集———气相色谱联用测定水中的苯系物 ,当水样体积为5ml时 ,检出限可达0.08ug/L ,检测上限可达0.1mg/L ,精密度和回收率试验结果令人满意 ,该方法样品的前处理简单 ,工作效率明显提高 ,是一种简便可行的苯系物监测分析方法。     

螺旋管-高效液相色谱法在线检测甲醛的研究

研究建立了一种大气环境中气态甲醛在线采样分析系统。该系统通过螺旋管液相吸收和高效液相色谱衍生法,实现了对大气气态甲醛的在线分析。大气中的气态甲醛经过在螺旋管内经液相吸收后,与2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)吸收液在加热条件下充分反应,衍生产物通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)分离后进入紫外检测器(UV)进行检测。采样和分析系统通过DasyLab实现自动运行。该方法可实现在线连续检测,时间分辨率为60min,气态甲醛的检测限可达0.10μg/L。将该方法与乙酰丙酮分光光度法(GB/T15516-1995)进行比对实验,两种方法的检测结果线性相关系数R2=0.9815。采用该方法于2007年10月在北京市进行实际采样分析,得到甲醛浓度平均浓度为4.82μg/L,并呈现明显的日变化,夜间最低,中午及午后较高。     

ASE萃取-GPC净化-GC/HPLC测定土壤中的六六六、滴滴涕和苯并(a)芘

建立了同时测定土壤中的六六六(BHC)、滴滴涕(DDT)及苯并(a)芘含量的方法.方法采用加速溶剂萃取仪(ASE)提取目标化合物,凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)净化提取液,气相色谱和高效液相色谱同时进行分析.结果表明,该方法检测效果较好,回收率在66.0％～132％之间,相对标准偏差为2.34～6.57之间,检出限为0.12～0.20 μg/kg.该方法操作简便,定性定量准确.     

焦化废水中痕量苯并(a)芘的固相萃取和GC-MS检测方法

基于固相萃取(SPE)和气相色谱/质谱联用技术(GC-MS),建立了一种焦化废水中痕量苯并(a)芘(BaP)的定量分析方法。BaP水样添加甲醇改性后经SPE富集净化、二氯甲烷洗脱、氮吹浓缩、二氯甲烷或乙腈定容后采用GC-MS进行定量分析。结果表明:在优化的样品前处理和分析条件下,BaP标准曲线的线性相关系数R2>0.99,方法回收率为79.6%~85.5%,方法检出限和定量限分别为4.33 ng/L和14.45 ng/L。该方法应用于内蒙古某焦化厂二级生化出水加标样品中BaP的测定,得到BaP的回收率为83.3%~89.3%,表明其灵敏度高、选择性好,适用于焦化废水中痕量BaP的定量检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测水中16种芳氧苯氧丙酸酯类除草剂

采用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)通过对固相萃取柱、洗脱液、流动相等的优化,建立了水中16种芳氧苯氧丙酸酯类(APP)除草剂的分析方法。确定以Oasis HLB为固相萃取柱、丙酮-正己烷(1∶1,V/V)为淋洗液、水-乙腈(3∶7,V/V)为流动相进行水样预处理,在最优条件下,各目标物在水中的回收率均达到74.5%~124.9%,相对标准偏差为4.2%~9.6%,线性范围为1~2 000μg/L,各目标物标准品在UPLCMS/MS系统中有效的线性相关系数(R2)达到0.998以上。该方法具有检测限低、回收率高等优点,经实际样品测试,可适用于水中16种APP类除草剂的同时检测。     

UV/草酸铁/H_2O_2法降解苯系物的研究

通过测定UV/草酸铁/H2O2法、UV/H2O2法和UV/H2O2/Fe2+法的单位电能消耗量(EE/O值)对比了三种方法降解苯系物的能量利用效率,得出UV/草酸铁/H2O2法不仅可以有效地降解苯系物,而且同其两种方法相比它对电能的利用效率最高;并分析了UV/草酸铁/H2O2法降解苯系物的反应历程。     

微囊藻毒素HPLC快速检测方法研究

该研究在传统的微囊藻毒素HPLC分析方法的基础上,通过优化选择色谱柱、流动相和流速的方法,建立了一种快速分析微囊藻毒素的HPLC检测体系。采用该检测体系,微囊藻毒素变体MC-RR、MC-LR的保留时间分别为(2.609±0.007)min和(2.959±0.009)min(n=5),MC-LR、MC-RR在0.4~100μg/m L的浓度范围内线性关系良好。与传统的HPLC检测方法相比,微囊藻毒素分析时间被大大缩短,具较好的应用前景。     

吹扫-捕集气相色谱法测定水中有机化合物

研究建立了吹扫 捕集法富集样品 ,利用HP 1大口径厚液膜通用型熔融石英毛细管柱 ( 30m× 0 .53mm× 2 .6 5μm) ,ECD检测器 ,同时测定水中 8种挥发性卤代烃及氯代苯的方法 ,确定了最佳吹扫 捕集条件。结果表明 :水样体积为 5mL时 ,标准偏差 <0 .0 5μg/L ,变异系数 <3.0 % ,加标回收率为 97.0 %～ 10 5% ,8种物质的最低检测限在 0 .0 3～ 0 .13μg/L之间     

吹扫捕集—气相色谱／质谱联用测定饮用水中59种挥发性有机物

建立了吹扫捕集一气相色谱／质谱联用测定饮用水中59种挥发性有机物的方法,方法检出限为0．004～0．085μg/L,可满足饮用水中特定有机分析项目的检测要求。     

微囊藻毒素-LR多克隆抗体的制备

通过对新西兰大白兔免疫自制的微囊藻毒素-LR(Microcystin-LR,MC-LR)完全抗原BSA-MC-LR,获得了质量较好的抗MC-LR的多克隆抗体,间接ELISA表明抗体的效价能达到1.5×10⁵;固定包被抗原OVA-MC-LR,采用间接竞争ELISA测定水体中的微囊藻毒素,标准曲线表明对水样中MC-LR的检测下限为10ng/L,线性区间为30ng/L·3μg/L,能满足对饮用水和地表水中MC-LR的检测要求.     

集中式生活饮用水源地中挥发性有机物测定

为了更全面的分析集中式生活饮用水源地中的挥发性有机物,建立吹扫捕集技术与气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)的联用测定地表水环境质量标准所要求必须监测的22种挥发性有机物。该方法的检出限、精密度、准确度都得到了良好的结果。通过实际样品的测定,结果令人满意。     

在线分离富集FI分光光度法直接测定铜

本文针对ＡＡＳ法测定痕量铜时，大量铁存在表现干扰，研究并建立了流动注射（ＦＩ）在线螯合树脂分离富集光度法直接测定痕量铜的新方法，具有灵敏度高、选择性强；因此，已成功地用于水样中痕量铜的测定，该法在水质检验和环境监测中有一定的适用性．     

国内外饮用水余氯限值及监测方法的研究进展

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间大规模使用含氯消毒剂,其残留可能对水环境及人体健康造成影响.我国饮用水水源地质量标准并未设置余氯项目及其浓度限值,且缺乏统一的余氯现场快速分析方法标准.为公共卫生事件发生期间的水质余氯监测与评价提供参考,对国内外饮用水标准余氯限值、实验室标准分析方法、现场快速分析方法等进行汇总分析,结果表明:①不同国家和地区以及WHO（World Health Organization,世界卫生组织）在饮用水标准中分别设置了出厂水中余氯限值（范围为0.1~2.0 mg/L）、管网末梢水中余氯限值（范围为0.1~1.8 mg/L）及饮用水中余氯最大允许浓度（范围为4~5 mg/L）.②比色法、容量法因其具有反应迅速且稳定、准确度及精密度较高等优点而成为国内外实验室主要标准或推荐分析方法,高效液相色谱法检出限最低,灵敏度最高,可用于余氯痕量分析.③余氯现场快速分析方法多以比色法为主,在线监测方法多为电化学方法,但缺乏统一的标准方法.研究显示,国外饮用水标准中余氯最大允许浓度为5 mg/L,WHO推荐高风险环境下的管网末梢余氯浓度最低为0.5 mg/L,建议尽快开展水质余氯现场监测方法标准化研究.      

Formation potential and analysis of 32 regulated and unregulated disinfection by-products: Two new simplified methods

Water disinfection is an essential process that provides safe water by inactivating pathogens that cause waterborne diseases. However, disinfectants react with organic matter naturally present in water, leading to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Multi-analyte methods based on mass spectrometry (MS) are preferred to quantify multiple DBP classes at once however, most require extensive sample pre-treatment and significant resources. In this study, two analytical methods were developed for the quantification of 32 regulated and unregulated DBPs. A purge and trap (P&T) coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was optimized that automated sample pre-treatment and analyzed volatile and semi-volatile compounds, including trihalomethanes (THMs), iodinated trihalomethanes (I-THMs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), haloketones (HKTs) and halonitromethanes (HNMs). LOQs were between 0.02-0.4 µg/L for most DBPs except for 8 analytes that were in the low µg/L range. A second method with liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was developed for the quantification of 10 haloacetic acids (HAAs) with a simple clean-up and direct injection. The LC-MS/MS direct injection method has the lowest detection limits reported (0.2-0.5 µg/L). Both methods have a simple sample pre-treatment, which make it possible for routine analysis. Hyperchlorination and uniform formation conditions (UFC) formation potential tests with chlorine were evaluated with water samples containing high and low TOC. Hyperchlorination formation potential test maximized THMs and HAAs while UFC maximized HANs. Ascorbic acid was found to be an appropriate quencher for both analytical methods. Disinfected drinking water from four water utilities in Alberta, Canada were also evaluated.     

气相色谱氮磷检测器法测定饮用水中19种苯胺类化合物

建立了气相色谱氮磷检测器法(GC-NPD)测定饮用水中19种苯胺类化合物。结果表明,19种苯胺类化合物的方法检出限在0.06⁰.45μg/L之间,其线性定量范围均为0.050.45μg/L之间,其线性定量范围均为0.05¹0.0 mg/L,相关系数(R)在0.995 110.0 mg/L,相关系数(R)在0.995 1⁰.999 8之间;方法平均加标回收率在70.7%0.999 8之间;方法平均加标回收率在70.7%¹08.2%之间,RSD(n=6)为2.9%108.2%之间,RSD(n=6)为2.9%¹8.5%。该法灵敏度高,快速准确,用于实际水样测定的结果令人满意。     

CHO cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analyses of disinfection by-products: An updated review

The disinfection of drinking water is an important public health service that generates high quality, safe and palatable tap water. The disinfection of drinking water to reduce waterborne disease was an outstanding public health achievement of the 20th century. An unintended consequence is the reaction of disinfectants with natural organic matter, anthropogenic contaminants and bromide/iodide to form disinfection by-products (DBPs). A large number of DBPs are cytotoxic, neurotoxic, mutagenic, genotoxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic. Epidemiological studies demonstrated low but significant associations between disinfected drinking water and adverse health effects. The distribution of DBPs in disinfected waters has been well defined by advances in high precision analytical chemistry. Progress in the analytical biology and toxicology of DBPs has been forthcoming. The objective of this review was to provide a detailed presentation of the methodology for the quantitative, comparative analyses on the induction of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of 103 DBPs using an identical analytical biological platform and endpoints. A single Chinese hamster ovary cell line was employed in the assays. The data presented are derived from papers published in the literature as well as additional new data and represent the largest direct quantitative comparison on the toxic potency of both regulated and emerging DBPs. These data may form the foundation of novel research to define the major forcing agents of DBP-mediated toxicity in disinfected water and may play an important role in achieving the goal of making safe drinking water better.     

常州市水环境中精神活性物质污染特征与生态风险

为评估精神活性物质(psychoactive substances,PSs)在常州市水环境中的污染特征、潜在来源及生态风险,利用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用(UPLC-MS/MS)方法,检测了地表水(湖泊、河流及饮用水源水)中13种典型PSs的污染水平和分布特征. 结果表明:常州市湖泊、河流及饮用水源水三类地表水中甲基苯丙胺(methamphetamine,METH)、苯丙胺(amphetamine,AMP)、3,4-亚甲基二氧基苯丙胺(3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine,MDA)、海洛因(heroin,HR)、氯胺酮(ketamine,KET)、美沙酮(methadone,MET)及麻黄碱(ephedrine,EPH)均有不同程度检出. ∑PSs (13种典型PSs)的检出浓度范围为0.67~39.03 ng/L,其中在河流中的检出频率和浓度较高,EPH (0.23~21.98 ng/L)和METH (nd~8.47 ng/L)是检出浓度和频率较高的单体目标物. 采用主成分分析对PSs的来源进行解析,发现医院、生活污水的直接排放以及污水处理厂出水可能是常州水体中PSs的主要来源. 对常州市水环境中PSs进行生态风险评估,发现新浮山水库及长荡湖中MET对水生生物具有低风险〔0.01相似文献   

Application of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection for the analysis of selected drug residues in wastewater and surface water

Pharmaceutical residues have become tightly controlled environmental contaminants in recent years, due to their increasing concentration in environmental components. This is mainly caused by their high level of production and everyday consumption. Therefore there is a need to apply new and sufficiently sensitive analytical methods, which can detect the presence of these contaminants even in very low concentrations. This study is focused on the application of a reliable analytical method for the analysis of 10 selected drug residues, mainly from the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (salicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, clofibric acid, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, caffeine, naproxen, mefenamic acid, ketoprofen, and dicofenac), in wastewaters and surface waters. This analytical method is based on solid phase extraction, derivatization by N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) and finally analysis by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with Time-of-Flight mass spectrometric detection (GC×GC- TOF MS). Detection limits ranged from 0.18 to 5 ng/L depending on the compound and selected matrix. The method was successfully applied for detection of the presence of selected pharmaceuticals in the Svratka River and in wastewater from the wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modrice, Czech Republic. The concentration of pharmaceuticals varied from one to several hundreds of ng/L in surface water and from one to several tens of μg/L in wastewater.