防污闪长效涂层的性能试验方法

本文分析了防污闪憎水长效涂层的使用条件，提出了该类产品的试验内容和试验方法。     

热带海洋环境条件对印制电路板性能参数的影响分析

分析了热带海洋环境条件对印制电路板影响的主要敏感电气参数,采用典型印制电路板工艺样件开展了西沙自然大气暴露试验,根据试验结果,对敏感参数的变化规律进行了分析。     

军用电子设备“三防”包装现状与建议

概述当前军用电子设备“三防”包装现状，分析了包装设计，材料使用、“三防”工艺，“三防”试验方面存在的问题，提出了“三防”包装标准方面的建议。     

混合型防霉剂HFM-01在三防涂层中的应用研究

通过筛选试验而研配的混合型防霉剂ＨＦＭ－０１具有高效、低毒和安全的特点,在涂料中添加ＨＦＭ－０１可以有效提高涂层的三防性能。     

新型抗腐蚀防渗漏环保工程防护溶胶

介绍了一种新型抗腐蚀耐老化防渗漏混凝土环保工程防护溶胶（简称防护溶胶）的工作原理、特征及功效，通过与传统防渗漏材料的对比，指出防护溶胶能有效提高混凝土结构的耐久性。     

糠醛树脂防砂工艺在临盘油田的应用

针对临盘油田盘河区块地层砂粒细、泥质含量偏高,导致油井实施高压充填防砂后大面积堵塞、小井眼防砂措施有效率偏低两方面的问题,成功试验引进糠醛树脂防砂工艺。2010年初至2011年末,共在临盘油田试验22口井,有效率达86.3%,累计增油13 319.1t。该技术在临盘油田的成功应用,为同类油藏的防砂和开发提供了宝贵的经验和数据,具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

印制电路板组件“三防”试验失效分析与案例

通过"三防"试验分析与案例,提高三防设计或工艺的科学性、合理性。本文阐述了湿热、盐雾、霉菌试验失效主要原因与案例,本文阐述了影响聚对二甲苯气相沉积涂敷,镀覆,液态涂料涂敷,应力筛选,密封等试验失效因素,从试验方法、工艺控制、材抖选择等诸多方面进行分析,探讨"避免"失效的措施。     

花椒提取物对小麦叶锈病的治疗防效

以花椒提取物为供试药剂,以20%粉锈宁可湿性粉剂为标准药剂对照,在室内对盆栽小麦叶锈病进行防效试验研究。结果表明,花椒提取物对小麦叶锈病具有一定的保护防效和治疗防效。不同浓度的花椒提取物具有不同的防效,存在显著差异性。随着花椒提取液浓度的增大,保护防效和治疗防效随之增强。相同浓度的花椒提取液对小麦叶锈病的保护防效和治疗防效也存在差异,保护防效高于同浓度的治疗防效。当提取液的浓度为40mg/mL时,对小麦叶锈病的保护防效和治疗防效分别为72.15%和63.76%。     

电缆护套料用的新型防白蚁剂的研究

介绍了白蚁的一般情况与对电线电缆的危害程度，选择了十三种药物并进行了筛选，选择了对体无三致（致畸、致癌、致突变）防白蚁效果好的药物作了进一步的应用试验，亦取得较好效果，欢迎有关工厂合作开发，使新型的防白蚁剂代替目前使用的对人体有危害的氯丹与林丹，确保工作人员的身体健康。     

机载电子设备三防设计应用研究

对电子设备的三防设计进行系统性阐述,从原材料的选型控制、机箱结构设计、密封设计、异种金属搭接设计和表面涂镀层设计等方面进行分类讨论,以提高电子设备整体的耐三防性能,并对电子设备三防试验注意事项进行了初步总结,相关经验可供同类设备的三防设计及环境试验验证借鉴和参考。     

云桌面终端电源端传导骚扰和辐射骚扰整改案例

某云桌面终端在进行中国强制性认证(CCC)时,电磁兼容试验项目电源端传导骚扰、辐射骚扰测试均出现超标现象。将重点从PCB板级电路EMC设计方面剖析其测试不合格原因,并给出相应的整改措施,最后对此案例进行总结,给出类似电子产品在PCB设计时的注意事项,以期能给PCB设计工程师提供一些参考意见。     

Between Precautionary Principle and “Sound Science”: Distributing the Burdens of Proof

Opponents of biotechnology ofteninvoke the Precautionary Principle to advancetheir cause, whereas biotech enthusiasts preferto appeal to ``sound science.' Publicauthorities are still groping for a usefuldefinition. A crucial issue in this debate isthe distribution of the burden of proof amongthe parties favoring and opposing certaintechnological developments. Indeed, the debateon the significance and scope of thePrecautionary Principle can be fruitfullyre-framed as a debate on the proper division ofburdens of proof. In this article, we attemptto arrive at a more refined way of thinkingabout this problem in order to escape from theexisting polarization of views between ``guiltyuntil proven innocent' and ``innocent untilproven guilty.' This way of thinking alsoenables a critical review of currentdemarcations between risk assessment and riskmanagement, or science and politics, and of themorally laden controversy on the relativeimportance of type-I and type-II errors instatistical testing.     

产品防护设计与工艺技术的应用

本文主要阐述了某型产品在电气、内部热环境、控制器、箱体结构、表面涂镀层、材料与元器件筛选等方面具有针对性的防护设计与工艺技术应用,主要包括防尘、防水、阻燃、电磁兼容、电气安全、振动、噪声、表面防护等设计与技术措施.有效的设计与工艺技术可以明显提高产品的环境适应性.     

环境侵权民事责任的构成与举证

随着经济的发展,工业生产过程中排放的污染物对环境造成的压力也不断加大,由此引发的民事纠纷日渐增多,建立和完善我国的环境民事法律责任制度,是一项重大而现实的课题。本文对我国环境侵权民事责任的构成及举证责任分担进行了分析,阐述了环境侵权归责制度的缺陷并提出了相关建议。     

From Environmental Ethics to Nature Conservation Policy: Natura 2000 and the Burden of Proof

Natura 2000 is a network of natural sites whose aim is to preserve species and habitats of relevance in the European Union. The policy underlying Natura 2000 has faced widespread opposition from land users and received extensive support from environmentalists. This paper addresses the ethical framework for Natura 2000 and the probable moral assumptions of its main stakeholders. Arguments for and against Natura 2000 were analyzed and classified according to “strong” or “weak” versions of the three main theories of environmental ethics – anthropocentrism, biocentrism, and ecocentrism. Weak (intergenerational) anthropocentrism was found to underlie the Natura 2000 network itself and the positions of environmentalists, while strong (traditional) anthropocentrism pervaded the positions of economic developers. Land users seemed to fall somewhere between weak and strong anthropocentrism. The paper discusses the relation between ethics and different attitudes towards Natura 2000, highlighting some of the implications for the network’s ongoing implementation. It is shown that Natura 2000 achieves a strong reversal of the burden of proof from conservation to economic development and land use change under anthropocentrism. It is argued that the alleged theoretical divide between anthropocentrism and non-anthropocentrism in relation to the burden of proof does not seem to hold in practice. Finally, it is predicted that the weak versions of anthropocentrism, biocentrism, and ecocentrism, are likely to converge extensively in respect to nature conservation policy measures.“Charting the depths of law and policy disputes yield an understanding of ethical differences.” Paul B. Thompson (2002, p. 189).     

二段混凝沉淀-曝气氧化-砂滤处理印刷电路板废水

探讨印刷电路板废水处理工艺。针对某印刷电路板厂废水水质特点,采用“二段混凝沉淀一曝气氧化一砂滤”工艺对其进行处理。运行结果表明,废水准确分类及预处理、曝气氧化和投加重金属捕捉荆是保证出水达标的重要措施。该工艺处理效果稳定,出水水质低于《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）中一级标准。本研究为印刷电路板废水的处理提供了一条可行途径。     

Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticide residues in trout in the Sierra Nevada

Organochlorine compounds are known to be atmospherically transported to long distances from their original sources. To understand the influence of California's Sierra Nevada range on the air transport and subsequent distribution pattern of some of these residues within the range, we have chosen salmonid fish as an indicator species. Fish were collected from 10 locations throughout the northern and central Sierra Nevada and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), toxaphene, chlordane, and DDT [1,1,1-trichloro, 2,2'-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane] residues in muscle tissue were analyzed. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were found in all sampling locations, and therefore analyses mainly focused on this species. When similar-sized rainbow trout samples from several similar oligotrophic, high-altitude lakes and streams were compared, it became apparent that altitude is one of the factors affecting the residual levels of PCB (r(2) = 0.882), but not for total DDT, toxaphene, or chlordane in trout. Analysis of correlations among these four organochlorine compound residue groups indicated that there are modest correlations in patterns of distribution between chlordane vs. toxaphene (r(2) = 0.345), and chlordane vs. total DDT (r(2) = 0.239), but toxaphene residues are not correlated with PCB or total DDT. In view of significant correlation to the altitude it is concluded that PCB residue in rainbow trout is a good monitoring tool for studying the effect of high-altitude mountain ranges on the long-range transport and distribution of those persistent pollutants.     

某社保(终端/便民/访客)服务器终端EMC整改案例分析

介绍了某社保(终端/便民/访客)服务器终端在电子产品电磁兼容认证中经常遇见的辐射骚扰和传导骚扰测试项目,重点从PCB板级电路EMC设计方面进行测试不合格原因分析,并给出整改对策。并由此案例引出电子产品电磁兼容设计时的注意事项,以图能给电子产品设计工程师提供参考,使其能以较高概率一次性通过EMC认证。     

Factors Influencing ISO 14000 Implementation in Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing Industry in Hong Kong

The worldwide trend of environmentalconcern has been driving manufacturers to strive to implement competitive strategies in environmental management.A study has been carried out to evaluate the initiatives and benefits/costs of implementing ISO 14000 Environmental Management System (EMS) standard (1996) in the Hong Kong PCB (printed circuit board) industry. The study found that manufacturers intended to implement the ISO 14000 based EMS to improve their environmental performance, and sustain their competitive position in the global market place.