生态适宜度评价在开发区环评和环境规划中的应用——以江苏常熟东南开发区为例

本文以江苏省常熟东南开发区为研究对象，在开发区的环境影响评价和环境保护规划中引入土地利用生态适宜度评价的方法，建立开发区生态适宜度评价指标体系，并借助GIS技术将数值计算和图形叠置有机结合，实现了对经济开发区土地利用进行生态适宜度评价的定量化研究方法，为经济开发区的合理规划提供决策依据。     

基于GIS的泗县开发区土地集约利用评价研究

以安徽省泗县开发区为例,从土地利用状况、用地效益、管理绩效和可持续发展状况4个方面构建开发区土地集约利用评价指标体系,运用GIS技术、特尔斐法,选择评价模型确定权重后对泗县开发区进行土地集约利用评价,研究泗县开发区土地集约利用状况.结果显示,泗县开发区土地集约利用总体水平为中等集约利用,土地利用状况和用地效益度方面存在着一定问题.基于反映的问题,提出相应的措施.     

开发区工业用水量预测方法研究

本文阐述了开发区环境影响评价过程中开发区工业用水量预测的重要性及存在的问题,采用综合指标法和行业用水系数法分别计算了某开发区的现状用水量和规划期间的用水量,行业用水系数法的预测结果与现状吻合较好。对比分析了两种方法的依据、原理及优缺点,行业用水系数法的依据数据更新快,方法适应性好,且逐渐得到认可,推荐采用行业用水系数法进行开发区工业用水量的预测。     

限制开发区经济系统和生态环境系统的耦合度评价——以吉林省抚松县为例

限制开发区可持续发展问题关系到主体功能区战略的实施。选取我国主体功能区规划中确定的限制开发区——吉林省抚松县作为研究样本,通过构建可持续发展指标体系,借助物理学中的容量模型,对其经济系统和生态环境系统的时序动态耦合度进行评价。结果表明:(1)各系统序参量总体呈现上升趋势,抚松县两个子系统内部结构正逐步向协调可持续方向调整,但经济发展滞后于生态环境建设,生态环境对抚松县经济发展具有导向和主宰作用。(2)从各系统的耦合度来看,整体呈现上升趋势,从失调阶段向勉强协调阶段过渡,但耦合水平偏低,同时耦合协调度时序变化表现出明显的阶段性特征。基于上述研究结果,从产业、生态、城镇化、生态环境建设等五大方面提出了具体建议。     

秦皇岛开发区生态现状与保护措施

秦皇岛市开发区受开发活动的影响,植被面积和生物多样性减少,生态系统服务功能价值下降,水土流失增加。基于秦皇岛开发区生态保护现状,从敏感生态系统建设、城区绿化、城市综合生态功能廊道、生态补偿、水土保持等方面,加强开发区生态保护,构建和谐生态,实现人与自然的协调发展。     

工业开发区环境-经济双向控制规划研究

本文从我国工业开发区的现状出发,论述了工业开发区环境－经济双向控制规划的思路,规划目标体系和多目标规划模型的建立、规模的实施程序,为工业开发区的环境规划提出了一个可供参考的方法。     

朝阳开发区造纸工业园建设可持续发展研究与实践

针对朝阳开发区造纸工业园控制性详细规划,采用层次分析法构建规划环境影响评价指标体系,在此基础上,分析朝阳开发区造纸工业园建设的可持续发展水平,为朝阳开发区造纸工业园建设环境决策的科学性提供技术依据。朝阳开发区造纸工业园区域发展规划实施后,规划各期区域整体可持续发展水平基本保持稳定,均为Ⅲ级,即可持续发展水平为中等。经济子系统和社会子系统可持续发展水平各期逐渐下降,而环境子系统可持续发展水平各期呈上升趋势。这说明,随着园区的进一步发展,其环境效益日益明显。     

国字号生态开发区绿色满园秀江淮

华东唯一国家环保模范城马鞍山是个以钢铁工业为主体的重工业城市,资源消耗多,生态能力脆弱,环保压力大。马鞍山经济技术开发区地处城市南部,城市二水厂取水口上游、采石风景区上风向,另有西塘公园和清澈的永丰河环绕开发区,自然资源丰厚的园林化园区对环境生态要求很高。但开发区逆风飞扬自我加压,在去年3月国务院正式批复马鞍山经济技术开发区升格为国家级经济技术开发区后,全力吹响更高层次的国家级生态开发区创建号角!     

基于RS与GIS的规划用地生态适宜性评价

利用遥感影像获取研究区土地利用类型,并运用GIS空间分析功能,分析了影响开发区规划用地生态适宜性的7个因子,并以此对生态适宜性进行综合评价,得到了定量化的评价结果,为区域规划奠定了基础。     

生态位适宜度法在园地多宜性评价中的应用

以江西省鄱阳湖及周边经济区的园地为研究对象,将生态位适宜度方法引入到多宜性评价研究中,采用加权平均模型对各评价单元的茶叶和雪梨两种作物的生态位适宜度值进行了定量分析。该研究结果能直接指导农业生产实践,促进园地的合理开发利用与管理。     

可持续发展的突变评判法

首次将系统新三论之一的突变理论应用于可持续发展评价的研究中。介绍了突变评判法的基本原理和使用步骤，并运用该方法对天津市的可持续发展状态进行了评价。     

中国生态环境领域可持续发展目标进展评估

构建合理的量化评估指标体系是科学监测可持续发展进程的关键,为有效监测我国生态环境领域可持续发展目标的进程,本研究构建了一套与 IAEG-SDGs全球指标框架吻合、对应生态环境部主管部门职责且有数据支撑的可持续发展目标评估指标体系,对我国生态环境领域可持续发展子目标及评估指标的状态和发展趋势进行定量分析,结果显示,我国生态环境领域的可持续发展子目标整体表现较好,但具体表现仍然存在差异。据此,本文提出了进一步完善可持续发展目标评估体系、强化重点领域短板研究、提升中国生态环境领域 SDGs的整体表现和增加国际对于中国可持续发展工作的接纳度与认可度等政策建议。     

A Multiattribute Index for Assessing Environmental Impacts of Regional Development Projects: A Case Study of Korea

Evaluating environmental impacts has become an increasingly vital part of environmental management. In the present study, a methodological procedure based on multiattribute utility theory (MAUT) has been applied to obtain a decision-maker's value index on assessment of the environmental impacts. The paper begins with an overview of MAUT. Next, we elicited strategic objectives and several important attributes, and then structured them into a hierarchy, with the aim of structuring and quantifying the basic values for the assessment. An environmental multiattribute index is constructed as a multiattribute utility function, based on value judgements provided by a decision-maker at the Korean Ministry of Environment (MOE). The implications of the results are useful for many aspects of MOE's environmental policies; identifying the strategic objectives and basic values; facilitating communication about the organization's priorities; and recognizing decision opportunities that face decision-makers of Korea.     

Initial Screening of Contaminated Land: A Comparison of US and Swedish Methods

Preliminary surveys are used to prioritize between contaminated sites to select those to be investigated more thoroughly. The data-gathering steps are almost identical between countries; however, the assessment procedures differ significantly. In this study, we have investigated 21 contaminated sites assessed as belonging to the high-risk or the very high-risk class using the Swedish Methods for Inventories of Contaminated Sites (MICS). We then applied the US Preliminary Assessment (PA) method to the same sites and compared the results and conclusions from the two screening procedures. In both cases, all sites were recommended for further investigation and the two approaches seem to corroborate one another; however, the PA assessment scores and the preliminary MICS classifications did not correlate. The results obtained with the PA method were easier to explain than the final MICS classification. The PA method also seems more transparent and easier to standardize, although objections could be made regarding the weighting scheme, because the outcome in this study was entirely dependent on the surface exposure pathway. However, to examine this in greater detail, it is necessary to include sites with less contamination: The importance of preliminary surveys in the overall risk management process gives a strong motivation for such an evaluation. Generally, the lack of research and scientific support for the various assessment procedures in use suggests that there is a need for method development, standardization, and validation.     

The Contribution of Environmental Assessment to Sustainable Development: Toward a Richer Empirical Understanding

It has long been suggested that environmental assessment has the potential to contribute to sustainable development through mechanisms above and beyond informing design and consent decisions, and while theories have been proposed to explain how this might occur, few have been subjected to rigorous empirical validation. This research advances the theoretical debate by building a rich empirical understanding of environmental assessment’s practical outcomes, from which its potential to contribute to sustainable development can be gauged. Three case study environmental assessment processes in England were investigated using a combination of data generated from content analysis, in-depth interviews, and a questionnaire survey. Four categories of outcomes are delineated based on the research data: learning outcomes; governance outcomes; attitudinal and value changes; and developmental outcomes. The data provide a robust critique of mainstream theory, with its focus on design and consent decisions. The article concludes with an examination of the consequences of the context-specific nature of environmental assessment practices in terms of developing theory and focusing future research.     

核电环境风险研究进展及管理启示

为满足快速增长的电力需求,缓解传统化石能源紧缺及其所伴随的大气污染问题,发电过程中几乎不产生常规大气污染物的核电逐渐成为我国重要的能源战略选择。但是,由于核电站在运行过程中,特别是发生重大核事故时,产生的放射性物质可能对健康造成负面影响,发展核电仍然存在较大的争议和阻力。在此背景下,需要构建科学、完善的核电风险评估与管理体系,以保障我国的核电行业健康、有序发展。在对国内外核电风险评估研究现状进行系统梳理的基础上,分析其对核电风险管理的意义,提出了我国未来构建核电风险评估与管理体系的建议。     

大气扩散参数的取样时间订正

就大气环境影响评价浓度预测中 ,对大气扩散参数取样时间订正问题进行了说明和讨论。     

A paradigm for ecological risk assessment

The 1983 National Academy of Sciences paradigm for conducting human health risk assessment is considered with respect to ecological risk assessment. This four-step paradigm fails to capture key intrinsic differences between the two types of analysis, specifically: identity of risk targets and receptors; identity of the appropriate level of ecological organization at which the risk is expressed; variability of endpoint with respect to risk receptor; and the existence ofrisk cascades through ecological feedback loops. We propose an alternative paradigm that includes a preliminary step,receptor identification, in which chemical partitioning is combined with a conceptual model of the ecosystem to identify appropriate risk targets. In addition, we propose formal inclusion ofendpoint identification and explicit consideration of risk cascades in arelationship assessment in which interactive feedback loops are considered in an iterative process. The proposed paradigm preserves the steps of hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response assessment (renamedresponse assessment) and risk characterization, although specific modifications are recommended.     

基于系统动力学的中国绿色发展政策仿真研究

迅速的工业化进程为我国带来了巨大的经济增长,但其引发的资源和环境问题也日益突出,为应对这一严峻挑战,我国开始转变发展思路,推行绿色发展的发展理念。鉴于绿色发展过程中经济、资源、环境多系统之间存在复杂的相互作用,本研究采用系统动力学方法构建了中国经济—资源—环境的动态模型,并在模型有效性的基础上通过五种典型发展模式对政策进行仿真,进而对不同模式未来的发展趋势进行分析。结果表明:加大环保、能源设备更新投资,促进环境友好型、资源节约型社会建设,是我国实现绿色发展的必由之路;绿色发展过程中还要注重各系统间的协调发展,从整体层面制定绿色发展政策;同时,政府还要关注绿色发展的文化建设,促进公众生活和消费方式的绿色转型。     

Integration of Environmental Assessment into the Regional Development Planning Process of the Galilee

/ The Galilee region on the northern edge of Israel constitutes more than 15% of the state's territory, supplies more than half of its drinking water needs, and is an important recreational resource and destination for Israelis. One of the main objectives of the plan for the Galilee was to devise a regional physical and economic development strategy for the years 1992-2007 that would arrest the trend of emigration of its residents, attract newly arrived immigrants to the region, and at the same time protect natural resources and environmental quality. This paper is limited to discussion of the environmental aspects of the plan. It analyzes spatial concepts for distribution of projected population growth, evaluates environmental impacts of alternative plans, and proposes a decision-making framework and tools for minimizing natural resources loss from development at the local level. Assessment of potential environmental impacts generated quantitative data of natural resources areas. Application of the data in the plan evaluation stage showed that the alternative that concentrated most of the new development in central Galilee was the second-best choice environmentally, but was preferred as the best choice for overall qualities. The planning study offers an alternative environmental impact assessment (EIA) process to the one presently used in Israel by incorporating environmental considerations at the initial plan-making stage and not at the plan-approval stage. It demonstrated that in order to be effective, environmental assessment and land-use planning should be seen as one effort that is integrated from the start and in each stage of the plan-making process.KEY WORDS: Environmental assessment; Development planning; Galilee