关于环境行政强制自行执行权

新《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》赋予了环境保护行政主管部门部分行政强制自行执行权，这种自行强制执行权既不同于行政强制措施，也不同于申请人民法院强制执行，三者在执行的条件、程序等方面存在着许多不同，环境保护行政主管部门在行使自行强制执行权时必须严格依法执行，合理掌握期限，坚持适用原则，保护被执行人的合法权益。     

Designing a light-mediated behavioral barrier to fish impingement and a monitoring program to test its effectiveness at a coastal power station

Because of the infeasibility of barriers to entrapment at the offshore intakes of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station, the goal of Edison’s ‘behavioral barriers’ research is to increase the proportion of fish that enter a bypass system that returns fish to the ocean. Laboratory experiments showed that fish species commonly entrapped at the station will move toward light. Fish were attracted to light in the range of intensities from about 100 lux down to about 10⁻⁶ lux. The lower limit was set by experimental protocols, and there is evidence that even dimmer signals might affect fish behavior. Based on these results, a bank of lights was installed in the power station screen well to provide a stimulus within the range of experimentally determined intensities such that entrapped fish might move toward the side opposite the traveling screens and thereby move more readily into the bypass system. Monitoring will consist of paired 24-h biomass estimates from salvage system and screen wash sources, with lights on in one day and off the next. This statistically powerful monitoring design takes advantage of temporal autocorrelation to test for effects of the light array in increasing fish bypass.     

喷射火焰对容器的热辐射计算

液化气体容器在火灾环境下由于内部压力升高和容器本身强度的下降，爆炸的危险性极大。研究容器在喷射火焰作用的响应规律是预防事故发生的关键。本文研究了由于气体泄漏引起的喷射火焰在有风条件下的火焰形状和温度变化规律，以及对于水平圆柱形容器的热辐射影响，并用编制计算程序进行了数值计算。计算结果表明，容器表面的热辐射随风速、容器表面的位置等因素而变化。风速越大，容器表面的热辐射会减少；轴向距离越大，热辐射减少，周向角度增加，热辐射减少。     

如何营造良好的课堂氛围

课堂氛围,通常也被称为课堂心理气氛.营造良好的课堂气氛有助于教与学双方感情交流通畅,激发学生学习兴趣,强化其思维活力,从而提高课堂教学效果.本文试从教学创新、和谐师生关系、灵活处理课堂问题三个不同的角度就如何营造良好的课堂氛围谈一点自己的见解.     

做个负责任的企业公民

众所周知,联合利华是一家以生产日用化学品为主的企业。但一直以来,联合利华在中国始终把成为可持续发展的、本土化跨国公司作为其努力的目标,并取得了显著的进展。特别是近年来,在全球以及中国不断加强节能减排、应对气候变化的大环境下,联合利华也加紧了自己的“绿色进程”,并拓宽了保护环境和节能减排的领域。     

为建设美丽中国凝聚奋进力量

<正>党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央以前所未有的力度抓生态文明建设，全党全国推动绿色发展的自觉性和主动性显著增强，美丽中国建设迈出重大步伐。党的十九大强调，到2035年基本实现现代化，生态环境根本好转，美丽中国目标基本实现；到本世纪中叶，把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。党的十九届六中全会审议通过党的第三个历史决议强调，坚持人与自然和谐共生，协同推进人民富裕、国家强盛、中国美丽。     

Response to displaced neighbours in a territorial songbird with a large repertoire

Neighbour recognition allows territory owners to modulate their territorial response according to the threat posed by each neighbour and thus to reduce the costs associated with territorial defence. Individual acoustic recognition of neighbours has been shown in numerous bird species, but few of them had a large repertoire. Here, we tested individual vocal recognition in a songbird with a large repertoire, the skylark Alauda arvensis. We first examined the physical basis for recognition in the song, and we then experimentally tested recognition by playing back songs of adjacent neighbours and strangers. Males showed a lower territorial response to adjacent neighbours than to strangers when we broadcast songs from the shared boundary. However, when we broadcast songs from the opposite boundary, males showed a similar response to neighbours and strangers, indicating a spatial categorisation of adjacent neighbours’ songs. Acoustic analyses revealed that males could potentially use the syntactical arrangement of syllables in sequences to identify the songs of their neighbours. Neighbour interactions in skylarks are thus subtle relationships that can be modulated according to the spatial position of each neighbour.     

发展阅读策略,力求授之以渔

阅读策略对于提高学生英语阅读质量具有举足轻重的作用,教师在授课过程中应有意识地加强阅读策略的指导。     

中国脱硫设备亟待升级

随着工业化进程的加快，二氧化硫污染日渐严重，烟气脱硫已经成为电厂与工矿企业控制二氧化硫排放的主要措施。由于煤炭在我国一次能源中的重要地位，大面积推广脱硫设备成为必需，这也关系到“十一五”期间二氧化硫减排目标的实现。 最近几年，越来越多的企业开始上马脱硫项目，在脱硫技术大多依靠国外进口的今天，我国的脱硫设备能否满足市场需要，成为人们关注的焦点。     

From a literature review to a conceptual framework for sustainable supply chain management

Academic and corporate interest in sustainable supply chain management has risen considerably in recent years. This can be seen by the number of papers published and in particular by journal special issues. To establish the field further, the purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it offers a literature review on sustainable supply chain management taking 191 papers published from 1994 to 2007 into account. Second, it offers a conceptual framework to summarize the research in this field comprising three parts. As starting point related triggers are identified. This allows putting forward two distinct strategies: (1) supplier management for risks and performance, and (2) supply chain management for sustainable products. It is evident that research is still dominated by green/environmental issues. Social aspects and also the integration of the three dimensions of sustainability are still rare.Both practitioners in companies and academics might find the review useful, as it outlines major lines of research in the field. Further, it discusses specific features of sustainable supply chains as well as limitations of existing research; this should stimulate further research.     

Challenges to achieving a successful transition to a low carbon economy in South Africa: examples from poor urban communities

South Africa faces several development challenges including those linked to climate change. Energy usage in South Africa, for example, is already constrained because of a range of development challenges (the dependence on cheap coal as a heating source; energy availability; access; affordability of alternative energy sources; and a range of health impacts, including air pollution). Notwithstanding calls for a transition to a low carbon economy, there have been few, recent assessments in South Africa of the costs associated with such a transition, particularly the social and economic costs for the poor who use energy in a variety of ways. In this paper we focus on trying to unravel some of the complex energy-use behaviour including understanding what drives consumers in resource-poor areas to choose and use persistently risky energy options. Analysis of qualitative data in two township areas, Doornkop and Kwaguqa, shows that township households, whether electrified or not, continue to burn coal. In both study areas, an estimated 80% of electrified households burn coal for space heating and cooking and also make use of multiple fuel sources for a range of activities. Although the major obstacles preventing people from discontinuing domestic coal combustion are poverty, the ready availability and social acceptability of coal together with other social customs cannot be underrated. This paper therefore highlights some of the persistent challenges associated with sustainable energy transitions in South Africa including implications for improved mitigation and adaptation for the energy sector in wider climate change efforts.     

How to kick off system innovation: a Rotterdam case study of the transition to a fuel cell transport system

Fuel cells in combination with hydrogen are expected to play an important role in a future sustainable transport system. Recent studies have provided insight into how technological transitions may come about and may be managed. However, there is a lack of methodologies aimed at starting off transitions or system innovations, in practice. This paper addresses this issue by presenting a methodology characterized by a bottom–up approach to generate a roadmap for short-term projects within a long-term perspective. The methodology is applied in a Rotterdam case study of the transition to a fuel cell transport system. The outcome of this case study leads to recommendations for setting up a framework to facilitate and stimulate kicking off system innovation.     

Prenatal diagnosis in a female carrying a deletion close to the duchenne locus

Family studies including the proband are usually needed before a prenatal diagnosis may be performed for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We report here on prenatal diagnosis in a family where the solitary index case was dead, and where the consultand and her mother were assumed to be carriers by independent evidence. DNA anaylsis revealed that both the consultand and her mother had an X chromosome deleted for DNA material in the Xp21 region. The female fetus also carried the deleted X chromosome.     

绿色内阁,引领绿色未来

与西方发达国家相比,中国环境保护的历史要短得多,几乎是到1972年3月的官厅水库鱼污染事件才理国家高层的重视.     

奋力践行习近平生态文明思想 为基本建成美丽湖北起好步、开好局——专访第十三届全国人大代表,湖北省生态环境厅党组书记、厅长吕文艳

湖北省地处长江中游,位居华中腹地,是中华民族灿烂文化的重要发祥地之一。湖北水资源丰富,因江而兴,因水而盛,素有“千湖之省”之称。2018年习近平总书记在湖北考察时强调,坚持新发展理念打好“三大攻坚战”,奋力谱写新时代湖北发展新篇章。2020年湖北省在抗击新冠肺炎疫情期间克服重重困难,生态环境领域工作毫不松懈、持续发力。     

如何为小学生搭建自主学习的平台

要使学生能自主学习,就必须为学生搭建自主学习的平台。从唤起学生主体意识、激发学生学习兴趣、培养学生实践能力、引导学生探究学习、营造开放的课堂氛围等方面讨论了为学生搭建自主学习平台的方法。     

Approaches to semi-synthetic minimal cells: a review

Following is a synthetic review on the minimal living cell, defined as an artificial or a semi-artificial cell having the minimal and sufficient number of components to be considered alive. We describe concepts and experiments based on these constructions, and we point out that an operational definition of minimal cell does not define a single species, but rather a broad family of interrelated cell-like structures. The relevance of these researches, considering that the minimal cell should also correspond to the early simple cell in the origin of life and early evolution, is also explained. In addition, we present detailed data in relation to minimal genome, with observations cited by several authors who agree on setting the theoretical full-fledged minimal genome to a figure between 200 and 300 genes. However, further theoretical assumptions may significantly reduce this number (i.e. by eliminating ribosomal proteins and by limiting DNA and RNA polymerases to only a few, less specific molecular species). Generally, the experimental approach to minimal cells consists in utilizing liposomes as cell models and in filling them with genes/enzymes corresponding to minimal cellular functions. To date, a few research groups have successfully induced the expression of single proteins, such as the green fluorescence protein, inside liposomes. Here, different approaches are described and compared. Present constructs are still rather far from the minimal cell, and experimental as well as theoretical difficulties opposing further reduction of complexity are discussed. While most of these minimal cell constructions may represent relatively poor imitations of a modern full-fledged cell, further studies will begin precisely from these constructs. In conclusion, we give a brief outline of the next possible steps on the road map to the minimal cell.

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确定大气混合层高度方法的研究

本文介绍一种,用ADAS探空资料,直接确定大气混合层高度的方法。它是根据ADAS探空得到的温度、风、位温、混合比随高度的分布,以及上述各气象要素在混合层内和混合层以上变化的差异,来确定大气混合层的高度。并将由这种方法得到的结果与 Nozaki〔1〕等人提出的用地面气象资料估算混合层高度,所得到的结果进行比较,得到了较为一致的结果。认为在大气边界层内,对于能够直接得到温度、风、位温等气象要素随高度变化的观测点,用这种方法来确定大气混合层高度是可信的,而且方法也比较简单。      

合作共赢打造废水回用行业新翘楚——专访东莞市威迪膜科技有限公司执行董事张燕厚

随着广东省电镀行业集中管理时间表的确定,电镀生产所产生的工业废水处理问题再次成为业界关注的焦点.