《生态环境》2004年第13卷总目次

院士论坛中国土壤科学发展的理论与实践···············································································································赵其国,万红友(1)研究报告矿区周围土壤中重金属危害性评估研究·············································································蔡美芳,党志,文震,等(6)土壤中铅…     

《环境化学》一九八八年总目录

环境化学的发展动向······················..···························..·························……刘静宜2(1)化学物质的土壤化学行为与环境污染研究展望··················,·······················……陈家坊等2(8)环境化学中的土壤电化学问题··································································……于夭仁3(22)水氯…     

热带亚热带土壤科学第1卷总目录

第1期发刊词·,·····················································································································……陆发熹(1)广东石灰岩山区土城资源利用研究—以阳山县江英乡为例·························。·4··4“·4·“·……朱世清卢家诚(3)土壤zPNC和△pHzPc在红壤性水稻土系统分类中的诊断意义初探·····················…     

《环境化学》一九九○年总目录(第9卷)

有机污染物分子连接性指数与其理化参数的相关性···············……戴树桂王菊先宋仁高1(1)生态模型在环境化学中的应用··············,·······································……戴树桂王永岩2(73)无机高分子絮凝剂的基础研究·········4·······································,·····,··········……汤鸿霄3(1)温室效应及其生态影响····························…     

《环境化学》一九九二年总目录(第11卷)

典型化学污染物在环境中的变化及生态效应—国家自然科学基金“八·五’重大项目介绍 ~”‘”二””’‘’·””·‘”“”’‘·…“·‘“·································,···········……金龙珠王学欣2(75) 环境分析化学发展战略研究·································“·····一倪哲明洪水皆金祖亮等5(1) 大气污染化学研究概况·······················································…     

《环境化学》一九八六年总目录

结合我国特点,控制和治理有机物污染································、·····················……葛春霖3(1)结构活性关系(SAR‘)在环境化学中的运用—有机化学品环境危害性预测···……解天民2(1)排污河中“经基化芳族化合物”和洗涤剂自净规律初探…而··········,·············……游道新等2(11)水葫芦对污水中有机物的净化···························································…     

《环境化学》一九九一年总目录

(第10卷)大气有机物在酸雨形成中的作用···········,·····················……陈宗良工玉保陆妙琴等1(1)大气颗粒物对酸雨的作用··········································……孙庆瑞王美蓉王彤文等1(14)广元地区降水化学事件研究·······································……沈济赵倩雪伶玉芹等1(26)西南地区云水和雨水化学组成的比较一一聚类分析法······……忱济赵倩雪张宝珠等1(33)西南酸雨地区大气中痕量…     

2003年《湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报》总目录

领导论坛做好林业工作为全面建设小康社会作贡献葛汉栋(l)林业科学植物区系学中特有现象的研究进展(l) —概念、类型、起源及其研究意义······················································……左家哺,傅德志(11)植物区系学中特有现象的研究进展(11) —中国植物区系、研究方法与任务······················································……左家哺,傅德志(93)枪木育苗技术试验··················…     

The amphipod Corophium multisetosum (Corophiidae) in Ria de Aveiro (NW Portugal). II. Abundance, biomass and production

 The abundance and biomass of Corophium multisetosum Stock, 1952 were determined from benthic corer samples collected monthly over 1 yr in the upper reaches of Canal de Mira (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal). Both density and biomass over the sampling period were negatively correlated with water temperature and positively correlated with chlorophyll a concentration in the sediment. C. multisetosum density was significantly negatively correlated with plant biomass and positively correlated with salinity. The nature of the sediment, favourable environmental conditions, high availability of food and low interspecific competition allowed the population to reach a maximal density of 200 × 10³ individuals m⁻² and a maximal biomass (ash-free dry wt, AFDW) of 62 g_AFDW m⁻². The population was highly productive, especially during the autumn/winter period. Production, estimated by two different methods (Hynes method: 251 g_AFDW m⁻² yr⁻¹; Morin–Bourassa method: 308 g_DW m⁻² yr⁻¹), was much higher than the values reported for other Corophium species. The annual P:Bˉ ratio (10) was high, but similar to values reported for Swedish populations of C. volutator and lower than the values estimated from Mediterranean populations of C. insidiosum. Received: 8 October 1999 / Accepted: 22 June 2000     

热带亚热带土壤科学第2卷总目录

第1期满势氮钾配合施用对亚种间杂交稻养分吸收及产盘影响的研究“·“·“·…谢利各陈英取胡肖珍攀红刚未华龙(1)潮汕地区水稻高产栽培措施调查···············”·········”····“·······一········...··~··“··。·“·“···“一黄抓雄黄小红(9)作物产量决定因子分析·······“····““··”······~·“········”·”········“·····,.···········“······一刘洪斌大伟(1动有机复肥对作物品质的影响初报···“····…     

《环境化学》一九八七年总目录

运河常州段若千有机毒物的迁移与归趋—EXAMS模式的应用通用似化学法在水环境参数计算中的应用····,···················4·…酸性降水对土壤酸化及铝溶出的影响········,·····················……河水中锌背景浓度的分析方法研究·········,······、·················一许鸥泳庞叔薇盛光遥1(1)叶常明1(14)康德梦1(41)蓟运河底泥及其组成成份对甲基汞的吸附作用·················……彭安水环境中苯并(a)花光致转化的试验研究··…     

《环境化学》一九八九年总目录(第8卷)

催化燃浇用稀士催化剂CM系列的研究及应用卜燃挠催化剂性能研究····,·······4·············一‘··……‘二’二“’‘’“”’‘”’.‘.‘”’‘’.‘’“一1(1)1.燃烧催化剂的应用·······,··········4,···········-一吴善良张志刚黄国章汪仁1(8)有机硅等离子体聚合物复合膜的制备及氧氮选择透过性能,·············、······················…… 一少...一···二,·················,·········,····,····…     

《环境化学》一九九三年总目录(第12卷)

丙绎猜二元共聚物超滤膜的研制·········,·······,··········,····……范松春鲍世耀凌爱莲等1(1)丙烯睛二元共聚物超滤膜的物化稳定性·······,····,···············,·…凌爱莲王树森王志忠等t(8)丙烯猜一醋酸乙烯二元共聚物超浦膜的制备及其性能表征·····1··一范松春鲍世翻凌爱莲等乙(1邪)用丙臻毅申空纤维超滤膜回收废显影液···~·“····、····,·····..··林·…李书申赵超冯轰和餐污(姆。)由不可逆过程热力学线性关系推导的传质方程··…‘·····…     

Effects of municipal piers on the growth of juvenile fishes in the Hudson River estuary: a study across a pier edge

The growth rates of two fish species, the winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum) (19.3 to 42.6 mm total length, TL) and the tautog Tautogaonitis (Linnaeus) (23.9 to 55.9 mm TL), were used to evaluate habitat quality under and around municipal piers in the Hudson River estuary, USA. Growth rates were measured in a series of 10 d field caging-experiments conducted at two large piers in the summers of 1996 and 1997. Cages (0.64 m²) were deployed along␣transects that stretched from underneath the piers to beyond them, encompassing the pier edge (the transitional zone between the pier interior and the outside). Growth in weight (G _w ) was determined at five locations along the transect, 40 m beneath the pier, 20 m beneath the pier, at the pier edge, 20 m beyond the pier edge, and 40 m beyond. Under piers, mean growth rates of winter flounder and tautogs were negative (xˉG _W = −0.02 d⁻¹), and rates were comparable to laboratory-starved control fishes (xˉG _W = −0.02 d⁻¹). In contrast, mean growth rates at pier edges and in open waters beyond piers were generally positive (xˉG _W ranged from −0.001 to +0.05 d⁻¹), with growth at pier edges often being more variable and less rapid than at open-water sites. Analyses of stomach contents upon retrieval of caged fishes revealed that dry weights of food were generally higher among fishes caged at open-water stations (xˉ range = 0.02 to 0.72 mg dry wt) than at pier-edge (xˉ range = 0.01 to 0.54 mg) or under-pier (xˉ range = 0.03 to 0.11 mg) stations, although it was apparent that benthic prey were available at all stations on the transect. Our results indicate poor feeding conditions among fishes caged under piers, and suboptimal foraging among fishes caged at pier edges. Inadequate growth rates can lead to higher rates of mortality, and, based on these and other earlier experiments, we conclude that under-pier environments are poor-quality habitats for some species of juvenile fishes. Received: 12 March 1998 / Accepted: 9 November 1998     

重金属胁迫对日本对虾(Penaeus japonicas )胚胎发育的影响

以受精1 h以内的日本对虾受精卵为实验对象,采用静水试验方法,研究了Zn、Hg、Cu、Pb、As、Cd和Cr 7种重金属对日本对虾胚胎发育的影响。结果表明,在实验浓度范围内,7种重金属中Hg、Cu对日本对虾胚胎发育毒性最大,其次是Zn、As、Cd,Pb和Cr无明显影响。Hg、Cu、Cd、As、Zn对日本对虾胚胎LC₅₀值分别为：0.0177 mg·L^-1、0.1070 mg·L^-1、1.6057 mg·L^-1、3.3682 mg·L^-1、8.2644 mg·L^-1,致死效应最低可观测效用浓度（LOEC）分别为0.0037 mg·L^-1、0.0166 mg·L^-1、0.1302 mg·L^-1、1.1572 mg·L^-1、2.1522 mg·L^-1;抑制发育LOEC分别为0.0062 mg·L^-1、0.0176 mg·L^-1、0.4002 mg·L^-1、1.9497 mg·L^-1、0.0617 mg·L^-1。随着Hg、Cu浓度的升高,胚胎孵化率不断下降,无节幼体死亡率不断上升,在Hg 0.0256 mg·L^-1浓度组中,胚胎48 h死亡率达到100%。以上结果说明,Hg、Cu等重金属的存在会延缓日本对虾胚胎的发育速度,随着重金属浓度的增加,滞育现象愈加明显,在Cu 0.32 mg·L^-1浓度组中,未见无节幼体孵出。     

Atmospheric mercury emissions from polluted gold mining areas (Venezuela)

Soil, waste rock and mud from mercury-gold amalgamation mining areas of El Callao (Venezuela) are highly enriched in Hg (0.5–500 μg g⁻¹) relative to natural background concentrations (<0.1 μg g⁻¹). Mercury fluxes to the atmosphere from twelve polluted sites of this area were measured in situ (6 a.m. to 8 p.m.) using a Plexiglas flux chamber connected to a portable mercury analyzer (model RA-915+; Lumex, St. Petersburg, Russia). Mercury fluxes ranged between 0.65 and 420.1 μg m⁻² h⁻¹, and the average flux range during the diurnal hours␣was 9.1–239.2 μg m⁻² h⁻¹. These flux values are five orders of magnitude higher than both reported world background Hg fluxes (1–69 ng m⁻² h⁻¹) and the regional values, which are in the range 2–10 ng m⁻² h⁻¹. The flux results obtained in this study are, however, similar to those measured at Hg polluted sites such as chloro-alkali plants or polymetallic ore mining districts (>100,000 ng m⁻² h⁻¹). The results from this study also show that Hg emissions from the soil are influenced by solar radiation, soil temperature and soil Hg concentration. Our data suggest that solar radiation may be the dominant factor affecting Hg° emission since the major species of mercury in polluted soil is Hg° (85–97% of total Hg). The simple release of Hg° vapor is probably the dominant process occurring with incident light in the field. The apparent activation energy for mercury emission indicates that the volatilization of mercury mainly occurred as a result of the vaporization of elemental mercury in soil. The degree of Hg emission differed significantly among the soil sites studied, which may be due to variations in soil texture, organic matter content and soil compaction.     

ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY(1998 ANNUAL INDEX)

NumberStudyon匕nvlronmentalChemistryandSustalnableeevelopment·’·’·’··’………………·‘……·‘··（1）AProbeInlo灰veralProblemsofWater-QualityTrendsIntheMainstreamofYangtzeRiverfrom1960’sto1980’s………………·。…·ChenJingsheng,GuanWenrong,XlaXinghuletal.（13）RelationshipbetweenCopperSpeciationandAcuteToxlcltyto砌phnlaMaMagna………·‘…‘··‘…………·’…………………………·LiuQing,WangZVfan,几ngHo。gxlao（18）StrippingofhIventLoadedwithPhenolbyNaOHAqueoushluti…     

离子液体氯化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑对酵母细胞增殖生长和细胞膜通透性的影响

为探讨咪唑类离子液体氯化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑([C₈mim][Cl])对酵母细胞的增殖生长和细胞膜通透性的影响,以不同浓度的[C₈mim][Cl]处理酵母细胞,研究离子液体对酵母细胞增殖和菌落形成的影响,通过测定酵母细胞外液蛋白质和核酸的含量,判断膜通透性的大小和[C₈mim][Cl]对细胞膜性结构的损伤。结果显示,0.1 mmol·L^-1的[C₈mim][Cl]延长了酵母细胞到达对数生长期的时间,在6～9 h之间对酵母细胞的增殖存在明显的抑制作用。1 mmol·L^-1的[C₈mim][Cl]使酵母细胞增殖不能到达对数生长期,对酵母细胞的增殖一直具有较强的抑制作用。随着离子液体浓度的增加,小菌落的数量增多。当平板内[C₈mim][Cl]浓度达到10 mmol·L^-1时,完全抑制了菌落的形成。[C₈mim][Cl]处理酵母细胞后,细胞外液中OD₂₈₀、OD₂₆₀的值显著升高。研究表明,细胞膜等膜性结构通透性的增加是离子液体[C₈mim][Cl]抑制酵母细胞增殖生长的原因之一。     

外源褪黑素对As3+胁迫下水稻种子萌发的影响

研究添加外源褪黑素对As³⁺胁迫下水稻种子萌发及生理指标的影响。结果表明添加外源褪黑素能促进As³⁺下水稻种子的萌发，提高水稻的发芽势和发芽率，促进水稻幼苗的生长。当As³⁺浓度为100 μmol L^-1时，添加100 μmol L^-1褪黑素使水稻种子发芽率和总根长比对照分别提高57.1%和50.0%。添加褪黑素能显著提高As³⁺胁迫下水稻幼苗中抗氧化酶系统过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性，并降低水稻幼芽中丙二醛(MDA)的含量。当As³⁺浓度为100 μmol L^-1时，添加50 μmol L^-1和100 μmol L^-1褪黑素导致水稻幼芽中POD活性比对照处理分别提高57.5%和114.8%，CAT活性提高29.4%和53.8%，SOD活性提高31.5%和56.0%，丙二醛含量比对照处理降低16.5%和31.9%。添加褪黑素也能显著提高As³⁺胁迫下水稻的根系活力，当As³⁺浓度为100 μmol L^-1时，50、100 μmol L^-1褪黑素处理后根系活力比对照分别提高42.4%和124.1%。说明添加外源褪黑素可缓解As³⁺胁迫对水稻的脂质过氧化损害，有效降低As对水稻内膜的破坏，显著缓解As污染对水稻的毒害作用。     

异噻唑啉酮类杀菌剂对黑斑蛙胚胎和蝌蚪的急性毒性

异噻唑啉酮类杀菌剂1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-酮（BIT）和甲基异噻唑啉酮（MIT）虽已在多种行业中广泛使用,但目前有关其毒性尤其对水体中生物毒性的数据还较少。鉴于BIT和 MIT在水体中普遍存在,本文研究了这两种污染物对两栖动物黑斑蛙胚胎和蝌蚪的急性毒性。黑斑蛙胚胎和蝌蚪分别暴露系列浓度的BIT和 MIT,观察化学品对其生长、发育和运动的影响,计算96小时半数致死浓度（96 h-LC₅₀）和96小时半数致畸浓度（96 h-TC₅₀）,确定最小生长抑制浓度（MCIG）。结果发现,BIT对黑斑蛙胚胎的96 h-LC₅₀和96 h-TC₅₀分别为2.99 mg?L^-1和0.60 mg?L^-1,MCIG小于0.40 mg?L^-1,对蝌蚪的96 h-LC₅₀为6.44 mg?L^-1。MIT对黑斑蛙胚胎的96 h-LC₅₀和96 h-TC₅₀分别为5.30 mg?L^-1和2.36 mg?L^-1,MCIG为2.59 mg?L^-1,对蝌蚪的96 h-LC₅₀为7.58 mg?L^-1。根据《化学农药环境安全评价准则报批稿》中两栖动物蝌蚪急性毒性的分级标准,判定BIT和MIT的毒性等级为中等。该毒性数据为异噻唑啉酮类杀菌剂的环境管理提供参考。