亲水性塑料弹性填料生物膜法处理模拟废水的研究

通过比较普通塑料弹性填料与亲水性改进后的塑料弹性填料在污水生化处理中的应用效果发现：亲水性改进的塑料弹性填料在污水的厌氧生化处理中可提高污水处理效率15％-30％，在好氧生化处理中可提高污水处理效率5％-10％，且亲水性改进大大提高了塑料弹性填料的挂膜速度。     

填料表面亲水改性对MBBR处理船舶生活污水的影响

为研究填料表面亲水改性对移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)处理废水的影响,考察了氧化处理、酸处理和碱处理3种亲水改性方法所得不同聚丙烯K1型填料(水的液面接触角分别为41°、62°和75°,未处理填料为87°)对模拟船舶生活污水的处理效果。结果表明,亲水性越强,挂膜量越多,膜结构越致密。在亲水性较低的情况下,挂膜量是限制污水处理的主要因素,亲水性越强污水处理效果越好;在亲水性较高的情况下,膜结构成为污水处理的限制因素,亲水性增强对水处理有不利影响。比较不同亲水性填料的污水处理结果可知,表面酸处理所得接触角为62°的填料污水处理效果相对最好,COD和氨氮的平均去除率分别为87%和61%;其次依次为液面接触角41°、75°和87°的填料。     

某化工园区污水分类收集分质处理系统设计

为了提高某化工园区污水处理效率以及降低污水处理费用,园区环保部门拟对园区污水收集体系进行升级改造。改造方案采用分类收集分质处理的设计思路,同时创新型的采用OUR污泥呼吸法对企业废水分为难降解有毒、难降解无毒、可生化3类,3类废水进入不同的收集池后前2类废水进行芬顿+微电解预处理,可生化类别直接进入生化系统。该种工艺路线较传统的全部接入进行预处理的方法更具先进性、高效性和经济性,可作为一种先进理念的收集体系使用到其他工业园区中进行推广应用。     

侧向回流一体化生物膜反应器处理分散式生活污水

针对农村分散式生活污水的处理,设计了侧向回流一体化生物膜反应器,缩短了污水处理工艺流程,减小了设施占地面积,可以实现污水的就地就近处理,有利于提高农村污水处理的覆盖率.为了寻求反应器的最佳运行条件,在填料填充率为35％的条件下,依次调节反应器运行的水力停留时间和气水比,对COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷的处理效果进行监测.研究...     

竹制填料生物接触氧化工艺处理污染河水简

针对受污染的湖溪河水质特征，以传统弹性塑料填料做对比，研究以竹球和竹丝为填料的生物接触氧化工艺，考察填料的挂膜时间、生物量和污水处理效果；确定连续曝气和间歇曝气时反应器的最优运行工况：连续曝气时为HRT=7.5 h，DO=3 mg/L；间歇曝气时为厌氧1.2 h、好氧6.3 h交替运行。实验结果表明，与弹性塑料填料相比，竹制填料挂膜速度快，竹球填料的水处理效果最好；连续曝气最优工况下竹球填料反应器中COD、TN、NH₃-N和TP的平均去除率分别为66.7%、47.9%、57.1%和30.6%；间歇曝气最优工况下竹球填料反应器中COD、TN、NH₃-N和TP的平均去除率分别64.08%、39.95%、60.7%和54.68%；竹制填料可替代传统的塑料填料作为生物接触氧化工艺的载体填料。     

传统与复合土地处理系统的除磷比较

本试验将纳米凹凸棒土复合亲水性聚氨酯泡沫和海绵铁填料介入传统潜流湿地土地处理系统,以生活污水为处理对象,通过室外中试试验,与传统的土地处理系统对比,考察了该复合填料对传统土地处理系统的强化作用。研究表明,在较高的表面负荷下,传统填料和复合填料最初出水总磷都能达到很好的除磷效果,分别达到了国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)的一级B标准和A标准。复合填料的出水总磷更低,更能有效缓解水体富营养化。     

改性聚丙烯填料水处理性能试验研究

采用化学氧化-铁离子覆盖技术对普通聚丙烯填料进行改性，并对改性前后的填料进行生物亲水性、表面特性、临界表面张力以及模拟污水的生物挂膜等特性研究。结果发现，改性填料的亲水性和表面粗糙度大大提高，临界表面张力变大，表面电性为正，在生物膜法水处理中，其挂膜速度提高了46.7%，终期氨氮去除率提高了8.84%。可见改性填料与普通填料相比，其水处理性能较好。     

生物悬浮填料对微孔曝气氧传质影响的中试研究

生物填料在污水处理中常用来增加生物量以提高污水的净化效率,同时生物填料的加入会影响曝气氧转移效率.考察了典型的SPR-1生物悬浮填料在清水中对微孔曝气氧传质过程的影响.结果表明,在水深为6.00 m时,SPR-1生物悬浮填料有助于促进微孔曝气的氧传质,当填料填充率为40％,单位体积通气量为0.755 m3/h时,氧总转移系数(KL a20)和标准氧转移效率(SOTE)提高程度最大,分别为19.32％和5.78％；当水深为2.33 m时,SPR-1生物悬浮填料对微孔曝气氧传质有阻碍作用.在实际污水处理过程中,可以根据水深,调节填料填充率来使填料最大限度地促进氧传质.     

气液相组合生物法净化低浓度甲醛废气研究

对生物膜填料塔 液相生物处理的组合系统净化低浓度甲醛废气进行实验研究,结果表明,组合系统对甲醛废气的净化效果明显优于单独生物膜填料塔净化系统,甲醛净化效率提高35%以上,甲醛生化去除量增大50%以上.动力学研究结果表明,甲醛在生物膜上的生化降解反应为慢速生化反应,需要采取强化甲醛液相生化降解反应、提高反应速率的措施,来提高废气中甲醛的生物净化效果.     

蚯蚓生态滤池处理农村生活污水现场试验研究

对蚯蚓生态滤池处理太湖流域农村生活污水进行现场试验研究.通过对蚯蚓同化容量与污染负荷进行单因素分析,得出蚯蚓生态滤池处理农村生活污水的运行参数与运行方式,并据此进行连续运行试验.结果表明,在表面水力负荷1 m3/(m2*d)、湿干比(布水时间和落干时间之比)1∶3、蚯蚓负荷(以单位体积填料中蚯蚓的质量计)12.5 g/L的条件下,蚯蚓生态滤池处理农村生活污水具有可行性与高效性,单级系统的COD、总氮、氨氮和总磷的去除率分别在81%、66%、82%和89%左右.改进蚯蚓床填料、设计通风结构和采取适宜运行方式,是蚯蚓生态滤池成功应用于农村生活污水处理的三大重要因素.     

一体式A/O摇动床工艺处理石化废水

针对国内许多石油化工废水处理工艺中氨氮降解效果差的问题,采用新型Biofringe填料设计一体式A/O摇动床工艺,对反应器的操作参数和去除效果进行了试验.结果表明:水力停留时间对氨氮去除负荷的影响较大,在水力停留时间为20.8 h,回流比为3.5时,COD的去除率可以达到90%以上,NH3-N的去除率可以达到95%以上,TN的去除率可以达到70%以上.通过一年多的小试,反应器具有动力消耗低,抗冲击能力强,操作稳定等特点,为进一步在石油化工废水处理中的应用提供了实验依据.     

多孔铁-碳-稀土合金填料对高盐废水中氯离子的去除

高盐废水是目前水处理领域的难点,主要研究了不同因素下多孔铁碳合金填料对氯离子的去除效果,及Cl-的去除机理。在进水pH为2,停留时间为60 min,Cl-浓度20 000 mg/L条件下进行实验,通过静态实验和连续实验确定Cl-主要去除途径为微电解过程引起的填料吸附。这种合金填料对实际高氯废水也有较好的处理效果,针对变性淀粉废水,在最优条件下填料对废水中氯离子有较强的吸附去除能力,同时COD去除率能达到57%,废水的可生化性得以大幅度提高。     

石化综合污水处理厂出水溶解性微生物产物的特性

溶解性微生物产物(soluble microbial products,SMP)是生化系统出水残留COD的主要组成部分,通过采用分子量截留超滤分离、有机物树脂分离等方法对某石化综合污水处理厂出水SMP的分子量分布、亲水特性进行了分析研究.结果表明,水样中的SMP占出水残留COD的85%左右。SMP中主要成分是蛋白质,出水中小于1 kDa的有机物是SMP中的主要物质。树脂分离实验表明,亲水性有机物和疏水酸性有机物分别约占出水SMP的50%和20%,是需要进一步处理削减的主要物质类别。     

光催化氧化处理有机废水

介绍了光催化氧化法的原理,对光催化氧化法处理有机废水的可行性进行了试验,探讨了ＣＯＤ随反应时间的变化规律及催化剂用量,温度、浓度的影响。试验表明,光催化氧化可降解象洗涤剂这样难降解的有机物,反应１２０ｍｉｎＣＯＤ去除率可达５０％以上。     

竹制填料生物接触氧化工艺处理污染河水

针对受污染的湖溪河水质特征，以传统弹性塑料填料做对比，研究以竹球和竹丝为填料的生物接触氧化工艺，考察填料的挂膜时间、生物量和污水处理效果；确定连续曝气和间歇曝气时反应器的最优运行工况：连续曝气时为HRT：7．5h，DO=3mg／L；间歇曝气时为厌氧1．2h、好氧6．3h交替运行。实验结果表明，与弹性塑料填料相比，竹制填料挂膜速度快，竹球填料的水处理效果最好；连续曝气最优工况下竹球填料反应器中COD、TN、NH3-N和TP的平均去除率分别为66．7％、47．9％、57．1％和30．6％；间歇曝气最优工况下竹球填料反应器中COD、TN、NH3-N和TP的平均去除率分别64．08％、39．95％、60．7％和54．68％；竹制填料可替代传统的塑料填料作为生物接触氧化工艺的载体填料。     

城市污水二级出水中溶解性有机物特性分析

分别采用凝胶色谱、亲疏水性组分分离、荧光色谱等方法,研究了城市污水处理厂二级出水中溶解性有机物的分子量分布、亲疏水组分含量以及荧光光谱特性。结果表明,二级出水中疏水性组分较亲水性组分多,疏水性组分约占总有机物的64.3%,而亲水性组分占35.7%左右;二级出水及其不同亲/疏水组分中溶解性有机物分子量分布基本集中在4.5 kDa以下,其中弱疏水性组分和亲水性组分中主要为分子量小于1.5 kDa的有机物;二级出水溶解性有机物中含有腐殖酸类、富里酸类以及蛋白质类物质,其中含量以腐殖酸类为主。     

The fate of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the wastewater treatment process and its importance in the removal of wastewater contaminants

Goal, Scope and Background Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) constitutes a parameter of organic pollution for waters and wastewaters, which is not so often studied, and it is not yet regulated by directives. The term ‘DOC’ is used for the fraction of organics that pass through a 0.45 μm pores’ size membrane. The type of wastewater plays an important role in the quality of DOC and it has been shown that DOC may contain aquatic humic substances, hydrophobic bases, hydrophobic neutrals, hydrophilic acids, hydrophilic bases and hydrophilic neutrals. The quality of the DOC is expected to affect its fate in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), since a considerable fraction of DOC is not biodegradable, and it may be released in the aquatic environment together with the treated effluent. In the present study, the occurrence of DOC during the wastewater treatment process is investigated and its removal rates during primary, secondary and overall treatment are being estimated. Furthermore, a correlation is being attempted between DOC and the concentrations of selected Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Heavy Metals (HMs) in the dissolved phase of wastewaters, to examine whether there are common sources for these pollution parameters in WWTPs. Also, DOC is being correlated with the partition coefficients of the above-mentioned pollutants in wastewater, in order to examine the effect of ‘solubility enhancement’ in WWTPs and to evaluate the result of this phenomenon in the efficiency of a WWTP to remove organic pollutants. Methods For the purposes of this study, 24-h composite wastewater samples were collected from the influent (raw wastewater, RW), the effluent of primary sedimentation tank (primary sedimentation effluent, PSE) and the effluent of secondary sedimentation tank (secondary sedimentation effluent, SSE). Samples were analyzed for the presence of 26 POPs (7 PCBs and 19 organochlorine pesticides), 8 HMs and DOC. Results and Discussion Mean concentrations of DOC in RW and PSE were at similar levels (∼ 70 mg l⁻¹), suggesting that primary treatment has a minor effect on the DOC content of wastewater. DOC concentrations in SSE were significantly lower (∼ 19 mg l⁻¹) as a result of the degradation of organic compounds in the biological reactor. Calculated removals of DOC were 0.8% in the primary treatment, 63% in the secondary treatment, and 69% in the overall treatment, exhibiting large differences from other organic pollution parameters, such as BOD and COD. The overall DOC removal was found to be independent from the DOC concentration in raw wastewater. Poor correlation was also observed between the DOC content and the concentrations of wastewater contaminants, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals (HMs), probably suggesting that their occurrence in WWTPs is due to different sources. A good negative linear relationship was revealed between DOC concentrations and the logarithms of the distribution coefficients (K _d) of various POPs and HMs between the solid and the liquid phases of wastewater. This relationship suggests that DOC facilitates hydrophobic pollutants to remain in the dissolved phase thus causing lower removal percentages during the treatment process. Conclusion DOC was measured at three stages of a municipal WWTP that receives mainly domestic wastewater and urban runoff. DOC concentrations in untreated and primarily treated wastewater were almost equal, and only after the secondary sedimentation there was a decrease. Concentrations and removal rates of DOC were in the same levels as in other WWTPs that receive municipal wastewater. The origin of DOC was found to be different to the one of POPs and of HMs, as no correlation was observed between the concentrations of DOC and the concentrations of these pollutants. On the contrary, DOC was found to have significant negative correlation with the K _d of all pollutants examined, suggesting that it plays an important role in the partitioning of those pollutants between the dissolved and the sorbed phase of wastewaters. This effect of DOC on partitioning can affect the ability of WWTPs to remove toxic pollutants, and that way it facilitates the discharge of those chemicals in the aquatic ecosystems together with the treated effluent. Recommendation By the results of this work it is shown that the presence of DOC in wastewaters can significantly affect the partition of hazardous pollutants between the dissolved and the sorbed phase. It is therefore of importance that this parameter is controlled more in wastewaters, since it can cause a decrease in the efficiency of WWTPs to remove quantitatively persistent pollutants.     

污水处理工程--两段式活性污泥工艺

我国中小城市的污水处理通常有如下特点(1 )工业废水所占比重较大,甚至超过50 %,致使要处理的城市污水的污染物浓度较高,污染物负荷变化较大 ;(2)城市财政状况比较紧张,可用于建设污水处理厂的资金有限.两段式活性污泥工艺是对传统活性污泥工艺的改进,在好氧处理之前采用一个缺氧或厌氧段,用于有机物的水解酸化或生物除磷.两段式工艺有以下优点处理效率高、工程投资和日常运行费用低,更适合我国国情.本文以两个工程项目为例,论述了两段式活性污泥工艺的工程设计与实际应用.山东省招远市污水处理厂于1999年7月投入运行,处理后排放水中的污染物指标低于设计值.蓬莱市污水处理厂工程即将竣工,设计处理能力20000m3 /d,工程总投资约1200万元,远远低于目前国内的平均水平.     

笼状填料式厌氧折流反应器处理啤酒废水

以ABR反应器为基础,采用笼状填料,增加了缺氧与好氧段,设计了新型的ABR;以啤酒废水为处理对象,考察了新型反应器的启动过程,研究了新型反应器对废水COD的去除效果,分析了HRT、有机容积负荷对COD去除的影响,探讨了新型反应器处理过程中的pH变化及其原因,阐述了笼状填料截留和微生物的附着生长是出水SS较低的原因,出水氨氮浓度较低是增设的缺氧段和好氧段共同作用的结果。实验结果表明,其COD去除效率达96%,有机容积负荷约0.647～1.745 kg/(m3.d);当进水量为50 L/d时,其出水水质达到啤酒废水排放标准。