无人值守台站电源远程监测系统的设计

本文提出一种无人值守台站电源远程监测系统的设计方案。监测系统基于嵌入式平台,实时监测台站电源的运行状态,上报故障原因及故障位置,减少维护抢修时间,提高台站电源的可靠性和安全性。文中给出了整个系统的软、硬件设计方案,并重点讨论了监测节点嵌入式平台和GPRS通信功能的设计与实现方法。     

上海市生活垃圾集运信息系统—示范性系统研究与实现

针对上海市城市生活垃圾日趋增多的趋势,提出了生活垃圾内河集装化转运系统。通过分析系统功能,设计了具有完整体系结构和标准化运营机制的示范性信息管理系统,该系统利用现代计算机技术和成熟数据处理技术实现了码头作业管理、船舶调度、资产管理、数据报表管理、作业监控,并形成一个有机的整体,有效提高了智能化作业水平和管理的信息化程度。     

城市社区生活垃圾减量化的集成技术研究

针对我国城市社区垃圾管理中分类收集程度不足、厨余垃圾高水分含量的问题,研究了社区人工分类混合垃圾、厨余垃圾简易机械压缩、压缩后厨余垃圾和渗滤液的资源化利用相结合的集成技术模式.研究表明,生活垃圾的人工分拣效率为36.8kg/h,随分拣熟练程度提高而增加.社区分拣出的厨余垃圾有机质含量高达44.693%,营养元素N、P、K的含量分别为2.586%、0.649%和1.274%,C/N为17.427,而重金属含量仅为从混合垃圾集中分选出的可堆肥原料的0.07～0.82倍.厨余垃圾压缩脱水后含水率仍高达78.7%,影响后续堆肥效果.采用生物稳定和稀释的渗滤液浇灌凤仙花具有一定的肥效,植株干重是清水浇灌的1.46～2.94倍.基于社区人工分拣的集成技术模式可减排垃圾产生量的52.6%.     

数字化管理平台助力垃圾分类和“无废城市”建设——以浙江省湖州市为例

我国持续稳定的经济社会发展以及居民消费水平的不断提升,产生了大量的城市生活垃圾,是城市建设与可持续发展面临的突出难题。以习近平总书记“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念的诞生地暨“无废城市”建设试点城市——湖州市为例,系统介绍了城市生活垃圾数字化管理平台开发的技术方法和功能板块设计与优化,特别是大数据和信息化技术支撑下的智慧化运维与垃圾分类管理模式;并基于湖州市近5年的生活垃圾产生、分类收集、运输、利用和处置等清单数据及演变趋势,采用生命周期评价方法初步定量评估了平台支撑下的减废降碳协同效益。湖州市生活垃圾管理数字化措施的应用和推广,可为其他城市生活垃圾分类与智慧化管理提供参考。     

关于南川区城乡生活垃圾收运系统建设的建议

本文通过对南川区所辖各乡镇的人口、生活垃圾产量、交通情况等进行调查和分析,提出关于南川区城乡生活垃圾收运系统建设的建议,包括生活垃圾压缩中转站规模、选址、垃圾收运路线等。旨在为南川区或其他区县城乡生活垃圾收运系统工程的建设提供参考。     

城市生活垃圾压缩站景观视觉环境影响评价

城市中的生活垃圾压缩站的景观视觉环境污染在环境影响评价中往往被忽视,本文论述了对生活小区垃圾压缩站拟建项目所导致的景观视觉环境污染和影响进行评价的意义与方法,可以对视觉环境污染的预测、控制、管理提供合理化的环境决策依据。     

基于无人值守的预旋转井式泵站系统

基于无人值守的预旋转井式泵站系统,实现了污水泵站无人值守和控制中心集中监控的目的。针对海斯特预旋转井式泵站的特点和工艺,分别从预旋转原理、井式泵站和控制系统三个方面对系统的设计进行了详细介绍。     

小城镇生活垃圾转运站现状及对策分析

通过调查含山县生活垃圾转运站现状,分析其存在的问题。根据含山县总体规划,预测生活垃圾产生量。并考虑服务半径、设备能力,在此基础上规划设计新建4座垃圾转运站,改造2座现状垃圾转运站。对比分析转运站两种压缩工艺优缺点,考虑当地实际,选择垂直压缩工艺。     

生活垃圾分类过程环境卫生风险及其防控技术

在生活垃圾源头分类体系中,新增容器、破袋、二次纠偏分拣、人工分拣分选等环节的二次污染和病原微生物污染严重,对生活垃圾作业人员存在着极大的环境卫生风险。当前新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情严重,生活垃圾的处理处置引起高度关注,该文通过网络问卷及实地走访调研方式,研究西部某特大城市小区居民及生活垃圾作业人员对环境卫生风险的基本认知、关切程度、防范意识等,提出生活垃圾作业人员与居民、收集、运输、处理过程防控等环境卫生防护技术体系。     

保定市生活垃圾转运站现状分析及对策

垃圾转运站对于城市环境良好发展的重要意义。通过研究保定市生活垃圾的转运量和成分,分析保定市生活垃圾转运站的现状,指出保定市垃圾转运站存在的问题和不足,结合保定市实际情况确定保定市新建垃圾转运站规模和压缩工艺,提出了有利于保定市垃圾转运良好发展的对策。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.