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产于火成岩(侵入岩、火山-次火山岩)断裂带中的脉状金、银矿床的地质特征表明,矿床的形成明显滞后于火成岩的成岩时代,属后成矿床,成矿多发生在地下500~3000m处,断裂构造使其与地表导通,形成开放半开放体系;地球化学资料表明至少有一部分矿床成矿元素主要来自已团结成岩的火成岩;成矿流体有大气降水成分及与主岩不同期的岩浆热液成分;成矿的方式主要有两种:一是岩脉侵入带来的热液使早期的岩体遭受蚀变,蚀变过程中金等成矿元素析出并在断裂构造中沉淀成矿;二是下渗的大气降水在深部被加热,萃取岩石中的成矿元素而形成含矿溶液,这种分散在岩石中的溶液,在构适应力作用下汇聚到构造薄弱带——断裂中,因降温减压而沉淀成矿。概括地说,这些矿床是通过热液对火成岩(矿源岩)的改造而形成的,可称之为火成改造矿床。 相似文献
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中国东南部浙闽粤沿海地带中、新生代火山岩区,是我国重要的金银多金属成矿带,本研究的重点是对该矿带的浙江天台一瞬县地区火山岩型资金属矿床(大岭口矿床和毫石矿床)的地质地球化学特征进行探讨。1区域地质及区域地球化学特征研究区位于中国大陆板块的东南缘,属大陆边缘火山带,主要出露上林罗统、白圣系火山(沉积)碎屑岩和熔岩,并有前震旦系陈蔡群变质岩少量分布。陈蔡群为本区基底地层,中、新生代火山岩不整合覆盖其上,构成了具有双层结构特征的变质岩一火山岩系。本区岩浆活动较强烈,侵入岩的分布受区域深大断裂构造制约,… 相似文献
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长江中下游中酸性侵入岩与成矿(地质出版社1990.6)毛建仁苏郁香陈三元著章琴芬本著作讨论了长江中下游中酸性侵入岩及其与成矿的关系。通过大量野外调查和室内测试工作,对本区中酸性侵入岩的分布规律、形成时代、地质特征、造岩矿物、副矿物、岩石化学、微量元素地球化学进行了研究和总结。在此基础上,划分和确定了岩浆段和成因类型,探讨了岩浆起源和演化,论述了区内主要成矿岩体岩浆演化与铁、铜及多金属的成矿规律。可供从事岩石、矿床、地球化学等专业的生产、科研、教学的有关人员阅读和参考。长江中下游中酸性侵入岩与成矿@毛建… 相似文献
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本文揭示铜陵石炭系层状金属硫化物矿床中沉积围岩、侵入岩、蚀变岩及矿石矿物的稀土元素特征。不同产状,不同成分和来源的成矿热液,在不同成矿阶段中,各矿物组合中矿石矿物的稀土元素性状各异。 相似文献
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近10多年来东南沿海找矿具突破性意义的一批矿床中,有5个各具特色的矿床及与之相类似的一批矿床(点)和矿化层位,集中分布在闽粤赣三省交界处面积约为8万km2的永定一梅县-会昌地区(简称永梅会地区),构成一成矿集中区.其特点是矿床集中且规模大、埋藏浅、多类型和多层性。该区处于不同构造单元的交接、叠置地带,自晋宁期至晚燕山期漫长的地质历史为形成多层、多类型矿床提供了良好的成矿环境;频繁的火山一侵入活动揭示了壳幔分离、地幔物质多次注入、地壳物质多次循环,特别是石炭纪以来(C1、J1、K1)三次双峰式火山活动所反映的位张环境,造就了本区成矿元素多、丰度高的地球化学场和构造应力环境;可能存在的地幔热流柱对地壳的作用是构成矿床集中的深部构造因素;区内石炭系岩相古地理特征显示本区具有与长江中下游地区石炭系铜矿含矿层位相当的合矿层位;本区中等剥蚀程度有利于寻找火山根部带或基底中的矿床。在分析该区上述成矿远景基础上,提出了该区有可能成为我国南方继德兴之后及维长江中下游地区之后的另一个铜、多金属成矿区。 相似文献
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本文分析研究了德化杨梅地区金矿成矿地质条件,矿床主要地质和地球化学特征以及矿床成因等。结果表明,德化杨梅地区是一个金的高背景地球化学场.为成矿提供了物质基础,金矿床、矿点明显地受NE、NW向断裂及其交叉复合部位控制,与成矿有关的侵入岩—次火山岩主要是燕山期的石英闪长岩、花岗闪长斑岩和花岗斑岩;金的矿化类型主要为含金石英脉型、含金石英—硫化物型及破碎蚀变岩型;区内金矿成因类型主要为次火山热液型和岩浆热液型两类。 相似文献
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This work was conducted to evaluate whether Ca-bearing additives used during coal combustion can also help with the retention of some other elements. This work was focused on the evaluation of bottom ashes collected during four full-scale combustion tests at an operating thermal fluidized-bed power station. Bottom ashes were preferred to fly ashes for the study to avoid interference from condensation processes usually occurring in the post-combustion zone. This work focused on the behaviors of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu,Zn, W, and Pb. Strong positive correlations with CaO content in bottom ashes were observed(for all four combustion tests) for S, As, Cl and Br(R = 0.917-0.999). Strong inverse proportionality was calculated between the contents of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr and Mn and CaO, so these elements showed association to materials other than Ca-bearing compounds(e.g., to aluminosilicates, organic matter, etc.). Somewhat unclear behaviors were observed for W, Cu, and V. Their correlation coefficients were evaluated as statistically "not significant", i.e., these elements were not thought to be significantly associated with CaO. It was also discovered that major enrichment of CaO in the finest bottom ash fractions could be advantageously used for simple separation of elements strongly associated with these fractions, mainly S and As, but also Cl or Br. Removal of5% of the finest ash particles brings about a decrease in As concentration down to 77%-80% of its original bulk ash content, which can be conveniently used e.g., when high As content complicates further ash utilization. 相似文献
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珊瑚钨锡矿硅质尾矿中Cd、As、Zn、F富集迁移及环境污染 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
硅质尾矿在释放中性矿山废水(NMD)时所伴生的多元素复合污染问题值得重视。本文以桂东北珊瑚矿尾矿作为研究对象,通过分析该尾矿的组构、元素富集及迁移特性,筛选出主要污染元素,并探讨尾矿胶结层对元素富集迁移的影响。结果表明:(1)该尾矿中Cd、As、Zn及F富集程度较高、可交换态含量(易迁移释放量)较大,是主要的污染元素,而Cu、Pb、Tl产生污染的可能性较小;(2)胶结层对重金属具有再富集作用,但其对可交换态Cd、As(Tl)再富集明显,而对可交换态Cu、Pb、Zn再富集则不明显。胶结层中次生伊利石、石膏等胶结物趋向于吸附富集活性可交换态Cd、As。这表明该尾矿可能迁移释放出含Cd、As浓度较高的NMD。研究表明,硅质尾矿风化释出NMD的同时,可能伴生Cd、As、Zn等重金属以及F的复合污染。 相似文献
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Paul Ney 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1981,68(12):597-605
Types of asbestos are distinguished not only by structure, chemical compositon, shape of aggregates, and length and quality of fibers, but also by its formation. Though consisting of quite common elements, deposits are formed only under very special conditions. Its unique combination of properties has created over 3000 fields of application (about 70% in asbestos cement). Great efforts have been made to substitute all types of asbestos by harmless, similarly cheap and versatile synthetic fibers, owing to the unquestioned carcinogenic properties of all asbestos dusts. However, development of such fibers has not made any remarkable progress until recently. Consequently risk to workers in mining and manufactoring, consumers, outsiders, and the environment should be kept as low as possible by intensifying precautions and diminishing emissions. 相似文献
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Vine Edward L. Sathaye Jayant A. 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2000,5(2):189-216
In this paper, we present an overview of guidelinesdeveloped for the monitoring, evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification (MERVC) ofenergy-efficiency projects for climate changemitigation. The monitoring and evaluation ofenergy-efficiency projects is needed to determine moreaccurately their impact on greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions and other attributes, and to ensure that theglobal climate is protected and that countryobligations are met. Reporting, verification andcertification will be needed for addressing therequirements of the Kyoto Protocol. While the cost ofmonitoring and evaluation of energy-efficiencyprojects is expected to be about 5–10% of a project'sbudget, the actual cost of monitoring and evaluationwill vary depending on many factors, including thelevel of precision required for measuring energy andGHG reductions, type of project, and amount of fundingavailable. 相似文献
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共沉淀-离心-X射线荧光法快速测定表层海水中的Fe,Ni,Mn,Cu,Zn,Pb 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于共沉淀的富集作用,采用自制的离心管离心沉淀,以手持式X-射线荧光仪(XRF)测定,由此建立了表层海水中Fe,Ni,Mn,Cu,Zn,Pb的共沉淀-离心-XRF快速分析方法。测定时间为5 min/样;线性范围125μg/L~1 000μg/L,可以满足近岸表层海水中铁和锰的分析要求;基底加标200μg/L回收率为94.5%~116%;连续7次测定6种金属浓度均为500μg/L的海水加标样品,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.86%~5.85%。与ICP-MS法比较,测定结果无显著性差异。本方法具有化学试剂污染小、方便快捷、可现场快速测定方法等优点。该方法已成功应用于厦门西港和福建九龙江河口表层海水中可溶态铁锰的现场测定,并在现场以手持式XRF对颗粒物中铁锰进行了测定,获得了该海域颗粒物中和海水中铁锰的分布。 相似文献
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Kurunthachalam Kannan Simonetta Corsoline Takashi Imagaws Silvano Focardi John P.Giesy 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2002,31(3):207-211
我们曾对从意大利收集的金枪鱼、箭鱼、普通鸬鹚以及家燕体内的p,p'-DDE、多氯联苯同类物(PCBs)、多氯二苯-p-二恶英(PCDDs)、多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)以及多氯萘(PCNs)浓度进行过测量. 相似文献