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NOx对大气的污染与燃油的脱氮技术 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
机动车废气中的NOx对大气污染日趋严重,它使臭氧层浓度增加,危害人体健康和生态环境,NOx的排放量主要是由燃油的含量决定的,脱除燃油中的氮是防治NOx对大气污染的根本措施,本文介绍了常用的燃油加氢精制脱氮技术和最近开发的溶剂萃取脱氮技术,后者脱氮率高,该技术的推广应用将会有效地控制机车动废气中NOx对大气的污染。 相似文献
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微生物法净化含NO_x废气 总被引:25,自引:2,他引:25
氮氧化物(NOx)是主要的大气污染物之一,NOx的治理历来受到国内外研究人员的重视。在此详细地介绍了国外近十几年来在用微生物法净化NOx的技术研究方面取得的进展。 相似文献
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对大型柴油机(机)排放烟气治理的实验探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文介绍了低温,常压条件下产生的高能量等离子体,在电场定向作用下可以净化大型柴油车(机)排放的尾气烟尘,净化效率可达80%以上,同时,等离子体中含有的活性粒子可激活柴油机尾气(NOx,CO,CH)使它们分解成为无害单原子气体分子和固体微粒。 相似文献
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煤燃烧过程中NOx产生机制及影响因素 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
煤燃烧产生的NOx有三个来源,热力型NOx快速型NOx和燃料型NOx,在1300℃下主要是燃料型NOx。燃煤过程中NOx的形成是分两步进行,首先燃料中的杂环氮化物受热分解,产生NH3或HCN,随挥发物释放出来,氧化生成NOx残留在煤焦中的氮在煤焦燃烧时生成NOx。挥发分中的NH3、HCN同时也可以还原NOx气体,研究表明脱硫用的石灰石、CaO或多或少地增加NOx的排放,认为是CaO催化了NOx形成 相似文献
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通过对焦化厂全负压净化回收煤气新工艺流程的介绍和新、旧回收工艺的比较,总结出全负压净化回收煤气工艺控制污染的特点与效果,焦化全负压回收利用硫化氢生产硫酸,氰化氢生产黄血盐,从生产工艺上消除了SO2,NOx对大气的污染,解决了硫铵生产紧缺的硫酸,实现了焦化厂煤气净化,回收的清洁生产。 相似文献
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船舶污染大气的现状及其防治技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文从世界经济及海洋运输发展的角度,论述了船舶柴油机废气及其他有害气体排放,对大气污染的影响。随着全球环境意识的进一步提高,防治船舶大气污染的呼声和要求更为迫切。文中介绍了国外和IMO将作出的限制船舶废气中有害气体排放的规定,井较全面地阐述和讨论了降低船舶柴油机废气中CO2、SOx和NOx排放的技术。最后针对我国情况,文中提出了作者的具体防治建议. 相似文献
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选择2台重型柴油车发动机,在测功机台架上复现其在中国典型道路工况下的运行过程,并测取发动机的外特性曲线、特征转速和ETC(European Transient Cycle,欧洲瞬态循环)做功量;在此基础上,基于美国和欧洲2种典型的重型在用车符合性检测方法,即NTE(Not To Exceed,区域达标)法和AWM(Averaging Window Method,窗口平均值法),对比研究了这2种方法对中国重型柴油车典型道路工况的适应性. 结果发现:NTE法对在重庆国道高速公路下运行的重型柴油车工况具有较好的覆盖性,但对北京通州的公交车运行工况的覆盖性较差;改变NTE事件的采样时间准则和控制区域定义,对NOx比排放的数值影响不大. AWM能够利用全部的道路工况数据,但是由于怠速工况的存在,使得用该方法计算出的平均NOx比排放值比NTE法得出的数值偏高;而基于ETC循环做功量的窗口平均NOx比排放值具有较为合理的离散度. 相似文献
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The exhaust gas recirculation(EGR), coupled with a high-collection efficiency particulate trap to simultaneously control smoke and NOx emissions from diesel engines were studied. This ceramic trap developed previously provided the soot cleaning efficiency of 99%, the regeneration efficiency reaches 80% and the ratio of success reaches 97%, which make EGR used in diesel possible. At the presence of EGR, opening of the regeneration control valve of the trap was over again optimized to compensate for the decrease of the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas resulted from EGR. The results indicated the cleaning efficiency and regeneration performance of the trap were maintained at the same level except that the back pressure increased faster. A new EGR system was developed, which is based on a wide range oxygen(UEGO) sensor. Experiments were carded out under steady state conditions while maintaining the engine speed at 1600 r/min, setting the engine loads at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%respectively. Throughout each test the EGR rate was kept at nine different settings and data were taken with the gas analyzer and UEGO sensor. Then, the EGR rate and engine load maps, which showed the tendencies of NOx, CO and HC emissions from diesel engine,were made using the measured data. Using the maps, the author set up the EGR regulation, the relationship between the optimal amounts of EGR flow and the equivalence ratio, σ, where σ = 14.5/AFR. 相似文献
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NOx污染控制技术选择 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
毕铁成 《石油化工环境保护》2005,28(3):55-58
介绍NOx的产生机理和各种NOx污染控制技术,并对其进行脱硝率和脱硝成本的比较。在此基础上提出可供石化行业乙烯裂解炉和FCC装置选择的脱氮技术。 相似文献
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竹炭净化文物保存微环境空气低浓度氮氧化物 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
围绕竹炭对低浓度氮氧化物的净化效果展开研究,测定了不同NOx浓度、不同流量、不同湿度条件、不同竹炭量对低浓度氮氧化物的净化效果;研究了表面改性生物质的净化效果。结果表明:选用3g以上竹炭,在湿度〈20%,流量控制在1—1.5L/min的情况下对低浓度(150ppb)氮氧化物具有最佳的净化效果;流量控制在2L/min以下(停留时间为1.5s以上),竹炭对NO2净化效果变化不大;活化剂改性和对竹炭进行超声处理后,生物质对NO净化效果有明显的提高作用。 相似文献
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燃煤烟气中的SO2和NOx是大气中重要的污染物,开发高效、经济的同步脱硫脱硝技术是环保领域的研究热点。针对现有同步脱硫脱硝技术存在的氧化剂成本较高和产物不能资源化利用等突出问题,提出了软锰矿浆烟气同步脱硫脱硝,并副产硫酸锰和硝酸锰的资源化新工艺。研究结果表明:软锰矿浆可以有效的脱除烟气中的SO2和NOx,反应产物分别为硫酸锰和硝酸锰。在烟道中注入臭氧,将难溶于水的NO快速氧化为NO2,可大大提高脱硝效率,在O3/NO=1.2的条件下可以达到72%的脱硝率、90%的脱硫率和85%的锰浸出率;吸收液经过空气氧化除铁和加入铜试剂除重金属后,结晶分离溶液得到的硫酸锰和硝酸锰可分别达到HG/T 2962—1999标准的硫酸锰产品和HG/T 3817—2006标准的工业硝酸锰产品要求。该工艺实现了SO2和NOx污染治理与低品位软锰矿资源化利用的双重目的,为SO2和NOx的资源化污染治理技术的开发和应用提供了新的思路。 相似文献
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Simultaneous catalytic removal of NOx and diesel PM over La0.9 K0.1 CoO3 catalyst assisted by plasma
The simultaneous removal of NOx and particulate matter(PM) from diesel exhaust is investigated over a mixed metal oxide catalyst of La0.9 K0.1 CoO3 loaded on γ-Al2O3 spherules with the assistant of plasma. It was found that NOx was reduced by PM in oxygen rich atmosphere, the CO2 and N2 were produced in the same temperature window without considering the N2 formed by plasma decomposition. As a result, the temperature for the PM combustion decreases and the reduction efficiency of NOx to N2 increases during the plasma process, which indicated that the activity of the catalyst can be improved by plasma. The NOx is decomposed by plasma at both low temperature and high temperature. Therefore, the whole efficiency of NOx conversion is enhanced. 相似文献
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Combination of biodiesel-ethanol-diesel fuel blend and SCR catalyst assembly
to reduce emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In this study, the efforts to reduce NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions from a diesel engine using both ethanol-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx over an Ag/Al2O3 catalyst and a biodiesel-ethanol-diesel fuel blend (BE-diesel) on an engine bench test are discussed. Compared with diesel fuel, use of BE-diesel increased PM emissions by 14% due to the increase in the soluble organic fraction (SOF) of PM, but it greatly reduced the Bosch smoke number by 60%-80% according to the results from 13-mode test of European Stationary Cycle (ESC) test. The SCR catalyst was effective in NOx reduction by ethanol, and the NOx conversion was approximately 73%. Total hydrocarbons (THC) and CO emissions increased significantly during the SCR of NOx process. Two diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) assemblies were used after Ag/Al2O3 converter to remove CO and HC. Different oxidation catalyst showed opposite effect on PM emission. The PM composition analysis revealed that the net effect of oxidation catalyst on total PM was an integrative effect on SOF reduction and sulfate formation of PM. The engine bench test results indicated that the combination of BE-diesel and a SCR catalyst assembly could provide benefits for NOx and PM emissions control even without using diesel particle filters (DPFs). 相似文献
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光催化降解馆藏文物环境的低浓度NOx和有机酸 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
馆藏文物环境中氮氧化物和有机酸对文物材料的破坏性很大,净化难度很大。研究了气-固相下光催化耦合净化馆藏文物环境低浓度NOx与有机酸的效果,探讨了动力学过程。实验结果表明:负载型TiO2/γ-Al2O3光催化剂在可见光照条件下对馆藏文物保护环境下的有机酸和NOx都有良好的降解效果,可达到97%以上。净化效率受到初始浓度的影响较大,但在低浓度下NOx和有机酸之间没有明显的竞争抑制作用,光催化反应过程遵循表观一级反应动力学。 相似文献