广西会仙湿地不同植物根际细菌群落结构及多样性研究

为了研究会仙喀斯特湿地不同植物根际细菌的群落结构和多样性以及环境因子对细菌群落的影响,以秋、冬两季植物根际土壤中提取的总DNA为模板,运用Illumina HiSeq 2500高通量测序技术,对细菌16S rDNA基因V4+V5进行测序和分析。结果表明,共获得细菌有65门、160纲、219目、391科、677属和246种,不同植物根际土壤中占主导的细菌类群相同,主要包含变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)等10个主要门类细菌,其中变形菌门为第一优势菌(平均含量42.4%);优势菌纲有γ-、β-、δ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria、 Betaproteobacteria、 Deltaproteobacteria)、厌氧绳菌纲(Anaerolineae)、unidentified_Actinobacteria纲、全噬菌纲(Holophagae),以β-变形菌纲为主(平均含量为13.5%);优势菌属以地杆属(Geobacter)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、厌氧粘菌属(Anaeromyxobacter)为主,以芽孢杆菌属占比最高(占3.8%)。芦苇(Phragmites australis)多样性和丰富度最高,华克拉莎(Cladium chinense)和苦草(Vallisneria natans)次之,美人蕉(Canna indica)最低;冬季土壤细菌多样性高于秋季;美人蕉两季根际细菌群落差异最大,华克拉莎最小。环境因子对细菌群落结构有较大影响,其中土壤TOC、TN影响最显著。从植物根际微生物多样性和丰富度来看,在会仙湿地中增植芦苇和华克拉莎,对维持湿地系统中微生物多样性和湿地的保护有重要意义。     

马铃薯根际与非根际土壤微生物群落结构及多样性特征

利用Illumina-MiSeq高通量测序技术对马铃薯根际与非根际土壤中细菌的16Sr DNA基因V3-V4区片段和真菌18S r DNA基因V4区片段进行了测序,研究马铃薯根际与非根际土壤微生物群落多样性及其与土壤养分之间的关系,为马铃薯健康种植提供理论数据。结果表明,(1)马铃薯根际土壤pH显著低于非根际(P0.05),根际土壤电导率、有机碳、全氮、速效氮和速效磷均显著高于非根际(P0.05),而根际土壤全磷与非根际差异不显著(P0.05)。(2)马铃薯根际土壤细菌和真菌均匀度指数(Simpson)、多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener)、ACE、Chao1均显著高于非根际(P0.05);而根际土壤细菌和真菌覆盖度(Coverage)、Simpson指数与非根际差异不显著(P0.05)。(3)马铃薯根际和非根际土壤细菌群落中,优势类群主要是变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes),还包括浮霉菌门(Planctomycetaceae)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia),其中根际土壤细菌酸杆菌门相对丰度高于非根际,变形菌门相对丰度低于非根际。根际和非根际土壤真菌群落中,优势类群主要是子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota),还有结合菌门(Zygomycota)、壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)、新丽鞭毛菌门(Neocallimastigomycota)、球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)、芽枝菌门(Blastocladiomycota)。(4)主成分分析(PCA)表明,马铃薯根际和非根际土壤细菌和真菌群落具有很好的相似性,并且细菌群落产生明显的分离效应。Pearson相关性分析表明,马铃薯土壤细菌和真菌Coverage、ACE与土壤养分均没有显著相关性(P0.05);土壤pH与土壤细菌和真菌多样性呈负相关,土壤电导率和全磷与土壤细菌和真菌多样性均没有显著相关性(P0.05)。(5)冗余分析(RDA)显示,7个土壤环境因子分别解释了细菌86%和真菌82%的总特征值,说明土壤环境因子对马铃薯土壤细菌和真菌多样性有显著影响,其中对土壤细菌和真菌多样性影响较大的有有机碳和全氮,而pH对土壤细菌和真菌多样性影响为负。由此可知,土壤pH值是马铃薯根际土壤微生物多样性的重要影响因子。     

酸性矿山排水影响下水库及其入库流域水体细菌多样性与环境因子的关系

为了解酸性矿山废水排水处沿流域至水库底层水体细菌群落结构的沿程变化,探索其环境影响因素.采用高通量测序技术并结合主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）方法,对2019年9月采集受酸性矿山废水（acid mine drainage,AMD）影响的12个水样进行研究.结果表明,入库流域水样中细菌群落多样性变化趋势不明显,从表层至底层细菌多样性不断升高.在门水平上受AMD影响的细菌主要由变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes,0.21%—12.96%）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes,0.15%—14.4 8%）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria,0.06%—4.64%）构成.其中,变形菌门中的α-变形菌纲（Alphaproteobacteria,2.42%—61.99%）、β-变形菌纲（B etaproteobacteria,1.29%—63.53%）和γ-变形菌纲（Gammaproteobacteria,6.41%—63.09%）为优势菌类.从不同空间位置浮游细菌群落组成来看,不动杆菌属（Acineto...     

甘肃民勤荒漠区两种主要固沙植物影响下的土壤细菌群落分布特征研究

旨在研究荒漠化区域土壤细菌群落受优势固沙植物影响下的分布特征及土壤细菌群落多样性。采集民勤的固定沙地、半固定沙地及流动沙地上白刺(Nitraria tangutorum Bobr)和梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)的根际及非根际土壤,通过土壤理化性质分析了解造成微生物群落变异的关键因素,并利用Illumina MiSeq 250高通量测序技术,对土壤细菌16Sr DNA的V4+V5区进行测序,分析土壤细菌群落多样性。在所有土壤样品中均存在放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)等菌门,主要菌属为乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、节细菌属(Arthrobacter)、Subgroup_6_norank、Nitrosomonadaceae_uncultured、类诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)和土壤芽孢杆菌属(Solibacillus)。研究发现在该区域优势固沙植物白刺和梭梭植物根际分泌物是影响土壤细菌群落分布的重要因素,根际细菌群落结构与非根际土壤细菌群落结构相比具有显著差异,然而两种植物与不同沙地间差异不显著。根际与非根际样品间存在大量共有的OTU(Operational Taxonomic Units),同时在根际中存在大量特有的OTU。对土壤细菌群落与主要环境因子的冗余分析结果显示3个沙丘的根际土壤样品具有接近的土壤性质及细菌群落特征,并与K~+、Ca~(2+)离子负相关,而非根际土壤样品在土壤性质及细菌群落结构上差异较大,这与沙土及电导率呈正相关。得出固沙植物可以通过根系分泌物对其根际土壤细菌群落进行调节,并体现出了对特定菌群的选择作用。与非根际相比,根际土壤中具有更高丰度的放线菌门、拟杆菌门和变形菌门,而非根际土壤中的浮霉菌门相对丰度高于根际土壤。研究位点是否定植有固沙植物是决定土壤细菌群落形成的首要因素,沙地类型是次要因素,而寄主植物类型的影响不显著。研究该区域优势固沙植物影响下的土壤细菌群落分布特征,可为民勤沙漠化地区的生态恢复提供重要的理论依据。     

环青海湖4种生境土壤中原核微生物群落结构及分子网络特征

为了探明高寒土壤原核微生物在不同生境中群落结构差异,该研究选择了环青海湖地区牧场、农田、山地和草场4种不同土地利用类型,利用16S rRNA Illumina高通量测序技术和分子生态网络的方法,比较4种不同土壤生境中原核微生物群落结构和组成差异,以及原核生物物种间的相互作用关系。结果表明,不同生境下土壤理化性质存在显著差异,人为干扰会引起土壤矿化,有机养分含量降低,同时影响土壤中速效养分的含量。土壤中原核微生物的丰富度和多样性随着土壤生境的不同而变化,在细菌门水平上,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)在4种不同生境土壤细菌群落中均占主导地位,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)是农田土壤中的独有优势种,而山地和草场中硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)为特有优势菌种。在古菌门水平上,广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)和奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota)是牧场、山地古菌群落中的优势菌种,农田和草场土壤中奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota)是唯一优势菌种。整体而言,在4种不同生境土壤中细菌群落的丰富度和多样性均高于古菌群落,环境因子中pH、SOC、TN、AN、AK、C/N和Olsen-P显著影响了土壤原核微生物群落结构。分子网络结构分析表明细菌网络的节点数和连接数更多,联系复杂系统更加稳定,古菌网络的平均路径长较小,平均连通度和聚类系数较高,但对环境响应迅速,说明古菌群落的生态位较细菌更加狭窄。     

热融滑塌对青藏高原北麓河荒漠草原土壤细菌群落的影响

多年冻土退化会引起热融滑塌,进而对多年冻土区的生态系统产生影响,但热融滑塌对土壤细菌群落的影响还不清楚.研究区选择青藏高原中部的荒漠草原地区.利用Illumina测序技术,对土壤细菌的16S rRNA V3-V4高变区进行测序,在纲水平上分析了3种微地貌(对照区、滑塌区、沉降区)下表层0-30 cm土壤细菌的α多样性、物种丰度和组成,并结合土壤理化指标研究了影响细菌群落结构的环境因子.结果显示,土壤细菌在纲水平上共有91个细菌类群,放线菌纲(29.4%,Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌纲(14.16%,Acidobacteria)、α-变形菌纲(12.69%,Alphaproteobacteria)和芽单胞菌纲(6.92%,Gemmatimonadetes)是优势菌群,放线菌纲在各采样点相对丰度最高.热融滑塌改变了土壤含水量、全碳和有机碳等理化指标. Mantel测试和RDA分析表明,土壤全碳和含水量是影响细菌群落结构的关键环境因子;相关性分析表明,土壤含水量、电导率、全氮是影响细菌群落多样性和优势菌纲相对丰度的关键环境因子.本研究表明在荒漠草原地区,热融滑塌会降低土壤碳含量和酸杆菌纲的相对丰度,并对土壤细菌群落的结构、多样性及在冻土中的分布产生影响.(图6表2参36)     

印加孔雀草对土壤细菌群落多样性的影响

印加孔雀草(Tagetes minuta L.)入侵对生态系统和生物多样性造成危害,从土壤微生态学的角度探究印加孔雀草入侵对土壤细菌群落结构和多样性的影响,有助于深入揭示其入侵导致生态系统退化的机制。采用第二代高通量测序技术,以万寿菊(Tagetes erecta L.)为对照植物,设置不同植物的处理(裸土CK、万寿菊Te、印加孔雀草与万寿菊混种TmTe、印加孔雀草Tm),比较了各处理中土壤细菌群落结构的差异。结果表明:(1)TmTe的Ace指数显著低于CK、Tm且Chao指数显著低于CK,Tm的Shannon指数显著高于CK且Simpson指数显著低于CK,混种处理细菌群落丰富度最低,印加孔雀草单优群落处理群落多样性最高;(2)4个处理共有的OTUs为3 169个,3个植物处理中,TmTe的细菌群落数最低,为3 814个OTU,Tm细菌群落数最高,为4 110个OTU;(3)相对丰度最高的前5个门分别是变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes),在各处理中所占比例之和皆为80%以上;(4)放线菌门、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)、变形菌门、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、绿弯菌门以及芽单胞菌门与土壤全钾含量呈显著正相关(P0.05)。蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)与环境因子之间的关系不同于其他菌门,相关性各有不同,但差异不显著。多囊粘细菌科(Polyangiaceae)、侏囊菌科(Nannocystaceae)、念珠藻科(Nostocaceae)等8个科的10个OTU类群共同存在于Tm vs CK和TmTe vs CK但不属于TmTe vs CK,表明其在印加孔雀草入侵过程中起着重要作用。该研究为揭示印加孔雀草入侵对土壤微生态影响机制提供了科学依据。     

高通量测序研究松茸菌柄土壤细菌群落结构

为了解松茸-菌柄根际微生物互作关系,采用Illumina Hiseq 2500平台高通量测序方法,研究松茸菌柄附着土壤的细菌群落结构,分析微生物因素对松茸的形成和生长的影响.通过高通量测序共获得了6 730条质控序列,这些序列按照97%的相似度被分为928个操作分类单元(Operational taxonomic units,OTUs),这些OTUs又被分为22个细菌门、2个古细菌门、62个细菌纲、4个古细菌纲、90个细菌目、6个古细菌目、162个细菌科、7个古细菌科、275个细菌属、8个古细菌属.在门的水平,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)在所有样品中均占主导,且在松茸菌柄土壤样品中高于对照样品;从纲的水平来看,β-变形菌门(Beta-proteobacteria)占主导,且在松茸菌柄土壤样品中高于对照样品;从属的水平看,伯克氏菌属(Burkholderia)隶属于变形菌门,在松茸土壤样品中的丰度显著高于对照,表明变形菌门对松茸的生长可能具有积极贡献,尤其是伯克氏菌属.此外,一些菌可能对松茸的生长具有消极贡献,如Unknown-Ellin 60等.本研究表明,细菌可能参与了松茸的生长和子实体的形成,但与细菌的丰富度不成正相关,这对松茸的人工种植将具有重要理论指导意义.     

稻—稻—油菜轮作土壤细菌群落的特征

为了解南方地区稻—稻—油菜轮作后土壤中细菌群落的变化特征,以长达30年的水稻—水稻—油菜轮作和水稻—水稻连作定点栽培试验土壤为研究对象,采用克隆文库和基因序列分析法,通过细菌16S r DNA基因通用引物对土壤提取DNA进行PCR扩增,然后将扩增片段构建克隆文库对克隆子进行测序分析.结果显示,2015年7月、10月和2016年4月3次取样中轮作土壤细菌的香农-维纳指数和辛普森指数均高于连作土壤,轮作土壤细菌多样性高于连作.克隆子序列OTU与Gen Bank比对结果显示,轮作土壤中常见的变形菌(Proteobacteria)占细菌种类的55%,连作土壤为45%;轮作土壤芽单胞菌(Gemmatimonadetes)占细菌种类的13%,连作土壤为10%;轮作土壤中的酸杆菌(Acidobacteria)、厚壁菌(Firmicutes)和浮霉菌(Planctomycetes)所占细菌比例数小于连作土壤;变形菌和芽单胞菌构成了轮作土壤中的优势菌群,土壤优势菌群的变化对细菌群落结构特征产生影响.测序结果显示稻—稻—油菜轮作土壤优势菌群中α-变形菌、β-变形菌和γ-变形菌高于稻—稻连作;稻—稻—油菜轮作中发现与绿弯菌(Chloroflexi)序列相似菌类,而稻—稻连作土壤中未发现.本研究表明微生物群落结构组成与土壤耕作方式相关,稻—稻—油菜轮作增加了细菌群落丰度.     

包头南海湖冰封期沉积物细菌群落多样性

为了探究包头南海湖冰封期沉积物细菌群落多样性,采用高通量测序技术对不同湖区4个采样点表层沉积物细菌进行测定.结果显示,不同区域物种多样性有一定差异.从门水平来看,沉积物细菌主要为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria);从属水平分析,优势类群集中在硫杆菌属(thiobacillus)、未命名厌氧绳菌科(norank-f-anaerolineaceae)、未分类绿弯菌科(unclassified-p-Chloroflexi).对沉积物细菌群落与环境因子的关系进行冗余分析,结果表明,TN、NH_3-N、C/N对沉积物细菌群落结构影响较大.thiobacillus在南海湖冰封期沉积物的生物地球化学循环中扮演着重要的角色,对预防黑臭水体发生具有重要作用,应在以后研究中得到更多关注.     

Soil bacterial community characteristics of rice-rice-rape crop rotation北大核心CSCD

To investigate the characteristic changes in soil bacterial community under rice-rice-rape rotation in southern China, soil samples from a 30-year crop rotation and continuous cropping system were collected. Clone library and gene sequence analysis were adopted. The PCR amplification was carried out using universal primers of the 16S rDNA gene. The amplified fragments were then used to construct a clone library. The subclones were sequenced and analyzed. The experimental analysis showed that, in July 2015, and October and April 2016, the Shannon Wiener index and richness index of bacteria from the rotation treatment soils were higher than those of the continuous cropping treatment soil. The soil bacterial diversity of the rotation treatment was higher than that of the continuous cropping treatment. The results of BLAST analysis in the GenBank showed that Proteobacteria accounted 55% of total bacteria in the rotation treatment soil, whereas it accounted for 45% of total bacteria in continuous cropping treatment soil. Gemmatimonadetes accounted for 13% of the total bacteria in rotation treatment and 10% in the continuous cropping treatment. The proportion of Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetes in rotation soil was less than those in the continuous cropping soil. Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were the dominant flora in soil. The changes in the predominant bacteria affected the diversity of soil bacteria in rotation and continuous cropping. The sequence analysis showed that the dominant bacteria in the soil were Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria, which higher than those in the rice-rice continuous cropping treatment. The sequences similar to Chloroflexi were observed in the rice-rice-rape rotation soils, but not in the continuous cropping soils. The results showed that the soil microbial population is conducted by agricultural tillage, and rice-rice-rape rotation increased the soil bacterial abundance compared with that of the rice-rice continuous treatment. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

土壤中耐砷细菌的筛选和砷还原基因多样性分析

采用琼脂平板培养法从湖南富砷土壤中筛选出43株耐砷细菌。16SrRNA序列分析结果表明所筛选菌分属于四个门：Actinobacteria、Proteobacteria、Firmicutes、Bacteroidetes,其中71．1％为革兰氏阳性菌。通过PCR和克隆测序等方法检测耐砷菌的砷还原相关基因（arrA、arsC、arsB／ACR3）及其基因多样性。检测结果显示：43株菌中,6．9％含异化砷还原基因arrA,30．2％含细胞质砷还原基因arsC,27．9％含As（Ⅲ）运载蛋白基因arsB／ACR3,这些基因在细菌中的出现频率较低。通过Mega软件构建系统发育树发现arrA基因的多样性可能受一定的地域差异影响,arsC基因在一些菌株中存在着基因水平转移现象,同时表明a变形菌可能更倾向于拥有Acr3型As（Ⅲ）载体蛋白,而arsB则多出现在芽孢杆菌中。     

Toward an ecological classification of soil bacteria

Although researchers have begun cataloging the incredible diversity of bacteria found in soil, we are largely unable to interpret this information in an ecological context, including which groups of bacteria are most abundant in different soils and why. With this study, we examined how the abundances of major soil bacterial phyla correspond to the biotic and abiotic characteristics of the soil environment to determine if they can be divided into ecologically meaningful categories. To do this, we collected 71 unique soil samples from a wide range of ecosystems across North America and looked for relationships between soil properties and the relative abundances of six dominant bacterial phyla (Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, alpha-Proteobacteria, and the beta-Proteobacteria). Of the soil properties measured, net carbon (C) mineralization rate (an index of C availability) was the best predictor of phylum-level abundances. There was a negative correlation between Acidobacteria abundance and C mineralization rates (r2 = 0.26, P < 0.001), while the abundances of beta-Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were positively correlated with C mineralization rates (r2 = 0.35, P < 0.001 and r2 = 0.34, P < 0.001, respectively). These patterns were explored further using both experimental and meta-analytical approaches. We amended soil cores from a specific site with varying levels of sucrose over a 12-month period to maintain a gradient of elevated C availabilities. This experiment confirmed our survey results: there was a negative relationship between C amendment level and the abundance of Acidobacteria (r2 = 0.42, P < 0.01) and a positive relationship for both Bacteroidetes and beta-Proteobacteria (r2 = 0.38 and 0.70, respectively; P < 0.01 for each). Further support for a relationship between the relative abundances of these bacterial phyla and C availability was garnered from an analysis of published bacterial clone libraries from bulk and rhizosphere soils. Together our survey, experimental, and meta-analytical results suggest that certain bacterial phyla can be differentiated into copiotrophic and oligotrophic categories that correspond to the r- and K-selected categories used to describe the ecological attributes of plants and animals. By applying the copiotroph-oligotroph concept to soil microorganisms we can make specific predictions about the ecological attributes of various bacterial taxa and better understand the structure and function of soil bacterial communities.     

Effects of exotic Spartina alterniflora on rhizosphere and endophytic bacterial community structures and diversity in roots of native mangroves北大核心CSCD

Root-associated microbial communities are very important for biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur in wetland ecosystems, and help to enhance the mechanisms of plant invasions. In the estuary of Jiulong River (China), Spartina alternifiora has widely invaded Kandelia obovata-dominated habitats, making it necessary to investigate the influence of rootassociated bacteria. The endophytic and rhizosphere bacterial community structures associated with selected plant species were investigated using the barcoded Illumina paired-end sequencing technique. The diversity indices of bacteria associated with the roots of S. alterniflora were higher than those of the transition stands and K. obovata monoculture. Using principal coordinate analysis with UniFrac metrics, the comparison of diversity showed that all samples could be significantly clustered into three major groups, according to the bacterial communities of origin. Four phyla, namely, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes, were abundant in the rhizoplane of the two salt marsh plants, whereas Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria were the more abundant endophytic bacteria. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes in the rhizosphere bacteria of S. alterniflora accounted for 78.0%, 5.6%, 3.3%, and 1.6%, respectively. Members of the phyla Spirochaetes and Chloroflexi were found among the endophytic bacteria of S. alterniflora and K. obovata, respectively. Using linear discriminate analysis, we found some dominant rhizoplane and endophytic bacteria, including Pseudoalteromonadaceae, Vibrionaceae, Methylophilaceae, and Desulfovibrio, which could potentially affect the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles. Of interest was that endophytic bacteria were more sensitive to plant invasion than rhizosphere bacteria. Thus, the results provide evidence for the isolation of functional bacteria and the effects of root-associated microbial groups on S. alterniflora invasions. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Airborne bacteria associated with particulate matter from a highly urbanised metropolis: A potential risk to the population’s health

• The airborne bacteria of Mexico City are representative of urban environments. • Particle material<10 µm influenced the type and quantity of airborne bacteria. • The diversity and richness of bacteria were higher in the rainy season. • The emission & transport of airborne bacteria determine the atmosphere’s microbiome. • Bacterias as Kocuria, Paracoccus, and Staphylococcus were in the air of Mexico City. Bacteria in the air present patterns in space and time produced by different sources and environmental factors. Few studies have focused on the link between airborne pathogenic bacteria in densely populated cities, and the risk to the population’s health. Bacteria associated with particulate matter (PM) were monitored from the air of Mexico City (Mexico). We employed a metagenomic approach to characterise bacteria using the 16S rRNA gene. Airborne bacteria sampling was carried out in the north, centre, and south of Mexico City, with different urbanisation rates, during 2017. Bacteria added to the particles were sampled using high-volume PM₁₀ samplers. To ascertain significant differences in bacterial diversity between zones and seasons, the Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon tests were done on alpha diversity parameters. Sixty-three air samples were collected, and DNA was sequenced using next-generation sequencing. The results indicated that the bacterial phyla in the north and south of the city were Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, while in the central zone there were more Actinobacteria. There were no differences in the alpha diversity indices between the sampled areas. According to the OTUs, the richness of bacteria was higher in the central zone. Alpha diversity was higher in the rainy season than in the dry season; the Shannon index and the OTUs observed were higher in the central zone in the dry season. Pathogenic bacteria such as Kocuria, Paracoccus, and Micrococcus predominated in both seasonal times, while Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and Nocardioides were found during the rainy season, with a presence in the central zone.     

Changes in desert steppe soil culturable bacteria from northwestern China and correlation with physicochemical parameters

Seasonal variations effects on desert steppe soil culturable bacteria in northwestern China and physicochemical parameters were investigated. Soil temperature ranged from 5.37 to 23.73 °C. Moisture content varied from 3.22% to 7.62%. The pH was between 7.98 and 8.72. Soil nutrients were altered in different seasons. Total potassium (K) remained the same, but available K levels ranged from 101.29 to 227.55 mg/kg. The culturable bacterial counts in January, April, July and October were 0.13 × 10⁷, 4.09 × 10⁷, 5.33 × 10⁷ and 1.8 × 10⁷ colony forming units (cfu)/g, respectively. Bacterial populations were most abundant in surface layers and declined with increase of soil depth. Seventy-two bacterial strains were isolated and classified according to 27 genera of 5 phyla groups: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidates. The bacterial diversities varied according to seasons. In spring, only Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were isolated. In summer, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were detected with Firmicutes the dominant species. In autumn and winter, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, α-Proteobacteria and γ-Proteobacteria predominated. Our results indicated that climatic variations, vegetation coverage and soil physicochemical parameters are critical factors for maintaining culturable bacterial populations and diversity in the desert steppe. Soil moisture content and temperature exerted marked influence on bacterial quantities and diversities.     

Diversity and community composition of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the sediments of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir北大核心CSCD

The diversity and community composition of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the sediments of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir in Pingtan island, Fujian Province, were investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) methods combined with the construction of clone libraries. The diversity of PAOs in summer samples was significantly higher than that in winter. The dominant terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) of PAOs were in the range of 200 to 300 bp in summer, while they were in the range of 150 to 200 bp in winter. Cloning sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the main phyla of PAOs in the sediment of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria. Anaeromyxobacter, Azospirillum, Microlunatus phosphovorus, and Burkholderia were the dominant genera in the summer samples. Anaeromyxobacter, Methylobacterium, Solibacter, Azospirillum, and Microlunatus phosphovorus were the dominant genera in sediment samples in winter. The results of this study demonstrated that the diversity and community composition of PAOs in the sediments of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir had specific seasonal characteristics. Various forms of phosphorus also showed their influence on the diversity of PAOs, especially Fe/Al-P. Our findings lays a scientific foundation for the future disclosure of microbial mechanisms involved in the phosphorus metabolic cycle in the sediments of reservoirs. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Characteristics of bacterial community in Poyang Lake sandy land under different vegetation restoration conditions北大核心CSCD

为掌握不同植被恢复措施下鄱阳湖沙地土壤细菌群落变化特征,以湿地松、香根草、单叶蔓荆、狗牙根等植物恢复措施的沙地土壤为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术,分析植物恢复前后细菌群落变化.结果显示,相较对照组,土壤细菌多样性均有提升,在门水平上,绿弯菌门丰度大幅降低,而变形菌门、放线菌门和厚壁菌门丰度增加.在属水平上,副伯克霍尔德氏菌属、慢生根瘤菌属、芽孢杆菌属、分枝杆菌属等丰度提升,而假单胞菌属丰度大幅下降.植被恢复后,不同植被固氮功能细菌丰度提升,而香根草、狗牙根土壤磷细菌丰度下降,湿地松土壤固氮、解磷功能优势细菌提升幅度为76.11%、51.12%,单叶蔓荆为65.04%、23.17%.土壤容重、有机质、全磷、有效氮是影响功能细菌变化的重要因素,其中有效氮与芽孢杆菌属、分枝杆菌属呈显著水平以上相关性.本研究表明鄱阳湖沙地植被恢复措施提升了固氮细菌的丰富度,但不同植被土壤解磷细菌群落变化差异大;研究结果可为沙地治理提供科学依据.(图6表3参34)     

Response of bacterial communities to short-term pyrene exposure in red soil

Pyrene, a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compound produced mainly from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, is hazardous to ecosystem health. However, long-term exposure studies did not detect any significant effects of pyrene on soil microorganism. In this study, short-term microcosm experiments were conducted to identify the immediate effect of pyrene on soil bacterial communities. A freshly-collected pristine red soil was spiked with pyrene at 0, 10, 100, 200, and 500 mg·kg^-1 and incubated for one day and seven days. The bacterial communities in the incubated soils were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) methods. The results revealed high bacterial diversity in both unspiked and pyrene-spiked soils. Only at the highest pyrene-spiking rate of 500 mg·kg^-1, two minor bacteria groups of the identified 14 most abundant bacteria groups were completely suppressed. Short-term exposure to pyrene resulted in dominance of Proteobacteria in soil, followed by Acidobacteria, Firmutes, and Bacteroidetes. Our findings showed that bacterial community structure did respond to the presence of pyrene but recovered rapidly from the perturbation. The intensity of impact and the rate of recovery showed some pyrene dosage-dependent trends. Our results revealed that different levels of pyrene may affect the bacterial community structure by suppressing or selecting certain groups of bacteria. It was also found that the bacterial community was most susceptible to pyrene within one day of the chemical addition.     

Bacterial community structure of Tricholoma matsutake stipe soil by high-throughput sequencing北大核心CSCD

In order to understand the interaction between microorganisms in soil attached to the stipes of Tricholoma matsutake, we utilized high-throughput sequencing technology using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 System (San Diego, CA, USA) to explore the bacterial community structure in such soils and analyzed the effects of microorganisms on the formation and growth of T. matsutake. A total of 6 730 sequences were obtained from the samples, and these sequences were clustered into 928 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at a 97% similarity level. In addition, these OTUs were grouped into 22 bacterial phyla (including 62 classes, 90 orders, 162 families, and 275 genera) and 2 archaeal phyla (including 4 classes, 6 orders, 7 families, and 8 genera). Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum present in all the samples, and these bacteria were significantly more abundant in soils attached to stipe of T. matsutake than they were in the control samples. Similarly, Beta-proteobacteria were the dominant class, and bacteria in this class were less abundant than they were in the control samples. Moreover, the genus Burkholderia within the Proteobacteria was more abundant in the control samples than in the T. matsutake soil samples. Generally, Proteobacteria, especially the genus Burkholderia, played an important role in the growth of T. matsutake, whereas other bacteria, such as Unknown-Ellin 60, would probably inhibit the growth of T. matsutake. This study showed that bacteria might be involved in the growth of T. matsutake and the formation of its fruiting bodies, but they had no positive relationship with bacterial abundance, which may provide theoretical guidance for the cultivation of T. matsutake. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.