湿热带机电仪产品的防护包装

本文论述湿热带产品包装的储运环境条件、防护包装设计一般原则和防护包装方法,并对湿热带机电仪产品的防护包装如何综合考虑有效而又经济的防护措施,提出实用的技术和试验考核的方法,并总结出试验研究的结论。     

振动试验在包装测试中的应用

主要通过对产品包装和运输包装测试的介绍,引出振动试验在包装测试中的应用,并对其重要作用、试验方法和参数确定等相关问题进行了探讨。     

包装件跌落试验设备的技术水平

包装件跌落试验设备的技术水平制约着电工电子产品包装技术的发展。本文介绍该类设备的发展、现状和仍需解决的技术问题。     

湿热带天然气候对机械工业产品包装件性能影响的研究

本文通过运输贮存试验,证实湿热带天然气候环境对产品包装件有较大的影响,包装不善的产品,容易导致长霉生锈,甚至电气性能、机械性能受到损坏.严格执行包装标准,进一步探讨综合防护包装技术,提高产品对环境的适应性,确保产品质量和可靠性是至关重要的.     

试谈商品包装与环境保护

随着包装业的迅速发展，包装对环境的影响越来越突出。本文通过分析包装与环境保护的关系，指出包装对环境的影响主要表现在包装物的产生、流通、废弃及回收利用中所造成的环境问题。     

试论绿色包装

通过对绿色包装的调研，阐述了倡导绿色包装、实施绿色包装工程所应采取的措施。     

用跌落试验评价产品和包装

大多数生产厂首要考虑的问题,是在恶劣的运输、装卸和使用环境下产品的可靠性。采用简单的跌落试验方法,就可以对包装效果和产品的可靠性检查提供有价值的数据。 产品从生产厂到达目的地的典型的分布循环,包括工厂中的发货、运输振动、在中转仓库的装卸和堆放以及在送到零售商店或顾客手里途中的装卸振动。随之而来的是产品去除包装以及在实际使用过程中可能受到的粗枝大叶的对待。后文几例是用于行驶车辆、现场广播或记录仪器的活动通讯产品以及跨国或海外旅行用的扩音设备。     

军用电子设备“三防”包装现状与建议

概述当前军用电子设备“三防”包装现状，分析了包装设计，材料使用、“三防”工艺，“三防”试验方面存在的问题，提出了“三防”包装标准方面的建议。     

一种适用于运输包装件试验的电动振动台

电工电子产品的运输包装振动试验,特别对于生产家用电器的企业正在越来越受到关注,这种试验用于评定包装件的正弦振劝或共振情况下的强度及包装对内装物的保护能力,由于其试验要求的扫描范围在３－１００Ｈｚ,所以国内往都用液压振动台来实现。而国外在八十年代就已专门设计一种电动振动平台来进行此项试验,本文介绍了一种国内已研制成功并已投入生产的适用于此项试验的电动振动台。     

瓦楞纸板与EPS板材组合包装垫振动传递特性的实验研究

采用正弦扫描动态测试方法,研究双瓦楞纸板与薄EPS板材(23mm厚)组合试样在防振缓冲包装应用中的振动传递特性.测试在不同静应力下的频率响应曲线,探讨其固有频率和振动传递率与静应力之间的关系,所得数据对指导家电产品包装设计有一定实际意义.     

某核设施退役产生的低放废物整备

为了对经多年暂存且受“5．12”地震影响的放射性废物包装体运输到国家规定处置场进行处置,需对待运输的放射性废物包装体进行整备以达到运输和暂存的要求,待整备的放射性废物采用符合标准要求的放射性废物整备工艺流程处理后,尤其是对放射性泥土和已损坏或变形严重的包装体采用自主研发的工艺进行整备后,放射性废物包装体达到了相关标准要求,满足了放射性物质安全运输规定和放射性废物体和废物包的特性鉴定要求,放射性废物整备运输后减轻了项目实施单位的废物暂存压力。     

Designing a policy package for the promotion of servicising: A case study of vineyard crop protection in Galicia (Spain)

The servicising approach in vineyard protection is considered a valid alternative to achieve decoupling between the economic and environmental performance of viticulture. In this paper, a policy package is designed to promote the uptake of a servicised model of vineyard protection in an area of smallholding viticulture. In doing so, a specific methodology based on a step by step protocol has been followed that aims to come up with a package that is effective, implementable and socially as well as politically acceptable. The paper concludes on the importance of combining several policy instruments in a policy package to realise the political objective. The proposed viable policy package includes incentives that support the companies’ shift towards offering crop protection solutions, further development of IPM solutions and instruments that encourage farmers to reduce the use of pesticides and collectively hire crop protection services.     

袋式除尘用滤料集尘性能的冷态测定及分析

对袋式除尘常用的针刺毡、基布覆膜、梯度针刺毡三类滤料进行集尘状况下压力损失冷态实验测试。结果表明:清洁滤料压力损失由大到小分别为基布覆膜滤料、梯度针刺毡、常规针刺毡;清洁滤料的压力损失与过滤速度呈正比线性变化关系,集尘后与过滤时间、粉尘负荷呈正比二次方变化关系,并通过分析给出滤料在不同集尘负荷下阻力与过滤风速、粉尘负荷间的计算关系。     

活性炭纤维复合材料的脱硫性能

本实验以粘胶基活性炭纤维和酚醛树脂复合，制备出了一种可用于烟气脱硫的活性炭纤维复合材料（ACFM），考察了制备工艺条件对脱硫性能和比表面积的影响，测试其在填充床的压降。结果表明：粘结剂用量、炭化及活化条件对样品的脱硫性能和比表面积有较大的影响；与其他活性炭材料相比ACFM压降相对较低，只有活性炭纤维的1／20。     

Barriers to the diffusion of renewable energy: studies of biogas for transport in two European cities

The diffusion of renewable energy – particularly in transport – in cities may facilitate the transition away from fossil fuels, improve air quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Past studies on this topic have focused on system modelling of diffusion pathways, technology characteristics and also estimations of future availability of renewable energy, whilst neglecting the agency of producers and users. This article assesses barriers to the diffusion of biogas for transportation in cities from a system and actor perspective. Using document studies and interviews in the cities of Basel, Switzerland, and Odense, Denmark, we identify the presence of conflicting political priorities and shifting strategic objectives, resulting in mixed signals concerning the role and viability of biogas for transportation. This underlines the importance of public sector support and coherent design and implementation of strategy and policy enabling the diffusion of renewable energy.     

基于子模型的电子封装焊点寿命预测方法研究

在向无铅化过渡的过程中,封装材料与工艺改变所带来的最突出的问题之一就是无铅焊点的可靠性问题。由于焊点区非协调变形导致的热疲劳失效是电子封装焊点的主要失效形式。到目前为止,仍无公认的焊点寿命和可靠性的评价方法。本文采用统一型粘塑性本构模型描述SnAgCu焊点的变形行为,在对焊点可靠性分析的基础上采用基于能量的寿命模型进行焊点寿命预测;在有限元方面采用子模型的处理技术,并采用节点平均化以及体积平均化方法计算寿命模型相关参数。力图从理论方面和有限元处理技术方面改进以达到提高焊点寿命预测效率及预测精度的目的。     

基于GIS的城市土地利用与交通网络一体化模型

在蓬勃发展的城市化进程中,一方面,城市交通需求迅速增长,交通运输供给能力不足成为制约区域经济快速发展的瓶颈;另一方面,在城市化进程中突出的景观标志--土地利用的变化包含着城市极其丰富的信息量,城市交通网络设计必然要求将城市土地利用与交通网络设计整合考虑.概述了土地利用与交通网络设计的关系,构建了一个基于GIS的城市土地利用与交通网络设计一体化模型 (LTGIS) ,同时对模型中的系统设计进行了论述,表明城市土地利用与交通网络设计是密切相关的.基于GIS的城市土地利用与交通网络设计一体化模型(LTGIS)的提出具有理论与实践的双重意义.     

浅析油气储运设施环境保护管理发展趋势

针对油气储运设施工程特点,通过比较清洁生产和循环经济的理念及侧重点,提出了全生命周期的环保管理理念,然后根据这一理念分析了我国油气储运设施工程从设计、施工到投产、运行全过程的环保管理现状和发展趋势,并提出了相应建议。     

Transportation energy in global cities: sustainable transportation comes in from the cold?

The energy, environmental and social benefits of sustainable transportation, i.e. public transit, biking and walking, have long been recognized but are now mainstream in global and local transportation policy debates. However, the economic value of sustainable transportation has always been seen as secondary, unless many external costs were included. The results of a new global study show that cities with significant sustainable transportation systems have reduced costs on road construction and maintenance; better operating cost recovery and fuel-efficiency; fewer road accidents and less air pollution. In overall terms, the percentage of city funds going to transportation is reduced. The data show that cities with the most roads have the highest transportation costs and the most rail-oriented cities have the lowest. Further, the most sprawling cities have the highest direct and indirect costs for transportation. Thus, strategies to contain sprawl, to reurbanize, to build new rail systems into car-dependent suburbs with focussed sub-centers, and to facilitate biking and walking, not only will improve energy efficiency but will reduce costs to the economy of a city. Strategies that build freeways and add to sprawl will do the opposite. Trends indicate that moves toward sustainable urban patterns are beginning. The need to operationalize sustainable transportation strategies in planning and engineering practice and in the politics of infrastructure funding remains a major challenge. Some cities are showing how this can be done.     

DESIGN OF A DIVERSION SYSTEM TO MANAGE THE FIRST FLUSH1

ABSTRACT: To manage the first flush of storm runoff in urbanized areas, a diversion box and detention basin system has been proposed for a new storm sewer system or for retrofitting an existing system. A software package for a personal computer has been developed to facilitate the analysis and design of the system. Hydrographs and pollutographs are generated at the inlet and outlet of the diversion box and the detention basin. The peak outflow and peak pollutant concentrations are compared with the allowable outflow and pollutant concentration for urban stormwater quantity and quality management. The model is developed for both analysis and design purposes.