如何保障高铁安全

随着一条条高速铁路的开通,这种安全、快捷、低碳,经济的高科技现代交通运输方式受到旅客的青睐,中国已真正进入高速铁路时代。据悉,目前中国投入运营的高速铁路已达到6552km,高速铁路运营里程居世界第1位。中国正在建设中的高速铁路有1万多km。那么．如何确保高铁安全,这篇文摘会给您一些答案。     

京沪高铁运营时速达486．1km

12月3日,在京沪高铁枣庄至蚌埠问的先导段,国产“和谐号”新一代高速动车组跑出486．1km的时速,再次刷新世界铁路运营试验最高速。     

高速铁路基于安全性的最优运营速度评估

为有效避免安全事故的发生,科学评估高速铁路基于安全性的最优运营速度。在解析我国高速铁路速度目标值的基础上,分析人员、车辆、轨道和环境4个方面,建立基于安全性的高速铁路运营速度评估模型,并采用层次分析法(AHP)评估运营速度,进而界定最优运营速度,最后以京沪高铁为例分析其基于安全性的最优运营速度,验证高速铁路安全性运营速度综合评估模型的有效性。结果表明:当前我国高铁安全性最优营运速度为300~350 km/h。     

国外高铁的安全保障

日本新干线1964年正式运营,法国高铁TGV1981年正式运营,“欧洲之星”铁路1994年正式运营,德国城际特快1991年正式运营。这些高铁“领跑者”,凭借多重技术保障和安全管理措施,来防范运营中的意外事故发生。 日本长期防范让高铁在地震中“幸存”     

中国高铁安全运营技术体系与保障措施

为了保障我国高速铁路的运营安全,提高高铁安全管控水平,建立安全运营技术体系。首先分析引发高铁安全事故的主要诱因,分为设备质量、违章违纪和外部原因3个方面;然后根据分析结果重点阐述高铁安全运营技术体系和保障措施,共分为5个方面,包括建立高铁技术体系、从技术体系上保安全;强化工程质量管理、从源头上保安全;强化产品质量管理、以设备保安全;严格高铁运营管理、在高铁运行过程中保安全;全面开展自然灾害风险防控、全方位保安全等。研究表明:提出的中国高铁安全运营的技术体系能够提高高铁各运营环节的安全性,保障人民的生命财产安全。     

基于IEM-Vague集的高铁车站运营安全综合评价

为反映高铁车站运营的安全管理现状,在参考铁路法律法规和以往研究成果的基础上,建立由4个准则层和18个指标层组成的高铁车站运营安全综合评价体系,并应用区间数特征根法(IEM)确定指标权重,结合Vague集建立高铁车站运营安全的改进模糊综合评价模型;运用该模型实证分析我国西北某高铁车站的运营安全现状。实证表明:车站设备水平和人员能力水平对高铁车站运营安全影响较大。该模型能够有效反映高铁车站运营安全管理情况。     

直面高铁故障——国外高铁安全面面观

安全、便捷且受天气影响相对较小的高铁是人们出行的理想选择。刚刚投入运营的中国京沪高铁,7月10日以来先后发生多起停车晚点故障,引起人们的关注。但事实上,在较早发展高铁的法国、日本和德国,都难免发生小故障,特别是在运营初期。高铁投入运营之初都会有一个磨合期,在此期间出现的种种问题,可以说是高铁发展过程中必然要经历的风雨。法国     

基于高铁驾驶过程中驾驶员的安全人机工程研究

在我国目前的高铁运营中,单司机制决定了高铁驾驶员在高铁列车安全运营中的重要地位。因此,本文基于高铁驾驶过程中高铁驾驶员驾驶高铁的习惯程度对高铁驾驶员注意力集中情况和驾驶操作速度的不同影响,研究了如何通过调整驾驶过程中的"规则"来改变高铁驾驶员对驾驶高铁的习惯程度,从而使高铁驾驶员注意力集中情况和驾驶操作速度更好地保持在安全限度内。     

视野

高铁安全两重天京西高铁要开通了,安全工作很重要。这不,2012年12月19日,西安铁路局西安客运段动车队对即将上岗的西安至北京高铁乘务员进行服务礼仪、安全作业、消防能力等方面的强化培训,为京广高铁正式开通运营做足了准备。而发生在2012年12月26日的一幕,让人唏嘘不已。京广高铁G801次驶入武汉站时,车厢内     

心想一处劲儿使一处

走进济南市槐荫区的区政府大楼,首先看到的是一层大厅一幅长5m、宽4m的电视大屏幕。大屏幕中在滚动播出着这样的一些文字：“高铁引领新区,速度改变生活。”“山东新门户,泉城新商埠,城市新中心。”“2007年7月12日,京沪高铁济南西客站工程开工仪式暨动员大会召开。京沪高铁是我国第一条具有世界先进水平的铁路,正线全长1318km,设计时速350km,总投资2200亿元。     

记录历史见证成长携手明天

对于<中国安防产品信息>杂志社来说,2004年是一个特殊的年份,是我们创刊的第十个年头.回首十年历程,<中国安防产品信息>杂志锐意进取,改革创新,共出版杂志62期,其学术性、权威性为业内所公认.作为安防行业的首家专业媒体,我们记录历史,见证成长,推动了中国安防行业的进步与快速发展.     

Safety metaphors and theories,a review of the occupational safety literature of the US,UK and The Netherlands,till the first part of the 20th century

The 19th century and first half of the 20th century is one of those periods in history of rapid economical, technical and social changes. There is an ongoing mechanization, followed by a movement to rationalize production and to make it cost effective. This has created a heavy burden of occupational deaths amongst workers. In this period occupational safety is developing into a professional field. Engineers are enclosing hazards and fencing heights, shaping up safety technique, and writing very practical publications on occupational safety. These publications, predominantly published in the United States, are leading to quite some safety related metaphors, with the iceberg and the domino’s as the most famous ones. Sociologists, psychologists, and physicians are more concerned with questions related to accident causation, and these specialists are conducting research leading to two different safety theories. Causes of occupational accident are found either in the workers’ capacity to handle hazardous situations, or in external causes, like very long working hours, dangerous machines and the increased pressures of work and speed of production. The Pittsburgh survey, the first extended analysis of occupational accidents in a steel district, strongly advocated the environmental hypothesis, while the so-called ‘individual hypothesis’ is favored by the American Safety First Movement, starting as a private initiative in 1906 by US Steel, and later spreading out over Western European countries. The British Industrial Fatigue Board has given the individual hypothesis its scientific justification. Despite scientific criticism just after World War II on the concept of accident proneness and ‘unsafe acts’, its popularity is not fading. Even nowadays the famous metaphors are still part of the vocational training of safety experts, also in The Netherlands. Apparently professional and scientific developments in occupational safety are belonging to two separate worlds. Before World War II, The Netherlands is not a leading country in occupational safety but a follower, first of France and the German speaking countries. After World War I its focus is directed towards the Anglo-Saxon countries.     

Explosibility,flammability and the thermal decomposition of Bisphenol A,the main component of epoxy resin

Bisphenol A is one of the basic compounds used in a synthesis of polycarbonates and epoxy resins. Its dust can create an explosive mixture with air under specific circumstances. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to determine explosion characteristics and flammability behaviour of this compound. The complete flammability characteristic requires the determination of the basic parameters of Bisphenol A under fire conditions including Heat Release Rate, speed of combustion, ability to ignite and the temperature of the decomposition range. To establish those parameters, a cone calorimeter was used. The explosion characteristics were tested in a 20-L spherical vessel. Minimum Ignition Energy was tested on MINOR II Apparatus which is a modified Hartman's Tube. In order to identify hazardous substances generated during a fire involving Bisphenol A, a simultaneous thermal analysis that combines thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry was used. The substances obtained from the thermal degradation were analyzed by infrared spectroscope with Fourier transformation. Furthermore, the application of a Purser furnace and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry facilitated the identification of gaseous substances formed during the thermal degradation of Bisphenol A samples.     

天津大沽排水河疏浚前后沉积物生态毒性初步评价

沿天津大沽排水河设置16个采样点,于2009年3-5月和2009年9-11月分别采集疏浚前后共32份沉积物样品,采用发光细菌法评价其毒性效应.结果表明,疏浚前,25.0%的样品毒性等级为低毒,68.8%的样品毒性等级为高毒和剧毒,下游河段发光菌相对发光度均小于30.0%;疏浚通水半年后,37.5%的样品毒性等级为低毒,高毒和剧毒等级样品占总数的比例下降至18.8%.证明疏浚后沉积物对发光菌发光的抑制作用减弱,大沽排水河沉积物疏浚工程明显改善了大沽排水河的生态环境.     

Predictors of intentions to leave the ward,the hospital,and the nursing profession: A longitudinal study

The stages preceding and following the intention to withdraw from an organization have not been adequately examined. Data were collected at two time periods from a sample of 146 nurses working in a general hospital located in a large metropolitan area in Israel. Essentially, intention to withdraw from three levels — ward, hospital and profession — were examined. LISREL was used to test alternative longitudinal models for the best fitting set of linkages among variables. The findings supported a progression model of withdrawal intention. According to this conceptualization, a nurse first decides to leave the ward, then the hospital, and, finally, the profession. Theoretical and practical implications of the results were presented.     

Age,work experience,and the psychological contract

The purpose of the current paper is to examine the ways in which age and work experience shape how individuals experience psychological contract breaches. We first introduce the concepts of contract malleability (the degree to which individuals can tolerate deviations from contract expectations) and contract replicability (the degree to which individuals believe that their psychological contracts can be replicated elsewhere). Next, we discuss the variety of reasons why contract malleability and replicability become greater with age and work experience and how contract malleability and replicability may temper negative reactions to psychological contract breaches. We also address the different ways contract malleability and replicability mediate the relationships between age and work experience, on one hand, and exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect behaviors on the other. We consider the moderating effects of age similarity and dissimilarity here as well. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for future research designs and for managing older and more experienced workers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.