Degradation and detoxification of microcystin-LR in drinking water by sequential use of UV and ozone

Microcystins (MCs) produced by cyanobacteria are strong hepatotoxins and classified as possible carcinogens.MCs pose a considerable threat to human health through tainted drinking and surface waters.Herein filtrated water from a waterworks in Harbin,China,was spiked with microcystin-LR (MC-LR) extracted from a toxic scum of microcystis aeruginosa,and the spiked sample waters were treated using UV irradiation with consequent ozonation process (UV/O3),compared with ozonation at a dose range commonly applied in water treatment plants,UV irradiation at 254 nm and UV irradiation combined with ozonation (UV+O3),respectively.The remaining of toxins were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and also determined using a protein phosphatase type 2A inhibition assay,which was utilized to evaluate the reduction in toxicity.Results indicated that in comparison to other three processes (O3,UV,and UV+O3),UV/O 3 process could effectively decrease both the concentration and toxicity of MC-LR at 100 μg/L level after 5 min UV irradiation with consequent 5 min ozonation at 0.2 mg/L (below 1 μg/L),while 0.5 mg/L ozone dose was required for the level below 0.1 μg/L.The addition of an UV treatment step to the existing treatment train may induce significant transformation of micropollutants and breaks down the natural organic matters into moieties unfavorable for ozone decomposition,stabilizing the ozone residual.These findings suggested that sequential use of UV and ozone may be a suitable method for the removal of these potentially hazardous microcystins from drinking water.     

Characterization of dissolved organic matter in urban sewage using excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis

Wastewater dissolved organic matter (DOM) from different processing stages of a sewage treatment plant in Xiamen was characterized using fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. Parallel factor analysis modeling of excitation-emission matrix spectra revealed five fluorescent components occurring in sewage DOM: one protein-like (C1), three humic-like (C2, C4 and C5) and one xenobiotic-like (C3) components. During the aerated grit chamber and primary sedimentation tank stage, there was only a slight decrease in fluorescence intensity and the absorption coefficient at 350 nm (a350). During the second aeration stage, high concentration of protein-like and short-wavelength-excited humic-like components were significantly degraded accompanied by significant loss of DOC (80%) and a350 (30%), indicating that C1 and C2 were the dominant constituents of sewage DOM. As a result, long-wavelengthexcited C4 and C5 became the dominant humic-like components and the DOM molecular size inferred from the variation of spectral slope S (300–650 nm) and specific absorption (a280/DOC) increased. Combination use of Fmax of C1 and the ratio of C1/C5, or a350 may provide a quantitative indication for the relative amount of raw or treated sewage in aquatic environment.     

Formaldehyde degradation by UV/TiO2/O3process using continuous flow mode

The degradation of formaldehyde gas was studied using UV/TiO2/O3 process under the condition of continuous flow mode. The effects of humidity, initial formaldehyde concentration, residence time and ozone adding amount on degradation of formaldehyde gas were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the combination of ozonation with photocatalytic oxidation on the degradation of formaldehyde showed a synergetic action, e.g,, it could considerably increase decomposing of formaldehyde. The degradation efficiency of formaldehyde was between 73.6% and 79.4% while the initial concentration in the range of 1.84--24 mg/m^3 by O3/TiO2flJV process. The optimal humidity was about 50% in UV/TiO2/O3 processs and degradation of formaldehyde increases from 39.0% to 94.1% when the ozone content increased from 0 to 141 mg/m^3. Furthermore, the kinetics of formaldehyde degradation reaction could be described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The rate constant k of 46.72 mg/（m^3.min） and Langmuir adsorption coefficient K of 0.0268 m^3/mg were obtained.     

气相正己烷的光催化及臭氧/光催化降解动力学

初步研究了气相中低浓度的正己烷在较大流量(5L/min～17L/min)臭氧/紫外(O₃/UV),光催化(TiO₂/UV)及臭氧/光催化(O₃/TiO₂/UV)3种方法的降解的动力学,考察了正己烷的初始浓度、流量、水蒸气浓度、臭氧投加量等因素的影响.研究表明:正己O₃/TiO₂/UV降解效率远高于O₃/UV的降解效率,明显高于TiO₂/UV降解效率;相对于初始浓度,正己烷的TiO₂/UV及O₃/TiO₂/UV反应符合L-H模型,对于O₃/UV过程用L-H模型不能得到较好的拟合;随着流量的增加正己烷在TiO₂/UV与O₃/TiO₂/UV降解过程中的反应速率先增加后保持不变,但是在O₃/UV过程中其反应速率变化不大;湿度对正己烷的降解有一定的影响;随着臭氧投加量的增加,正己烷O₃/UV和O₃/TiO₂/UV的降解速率呈直线增加,在O₃/UV过程中正己烷的反应速率增加更快.     

O3/UV降解水中的乙酸和硝基苯

利用O3 /UV和O3/H2O2降解了水中的乙酸,结果表明,在相同条件下处理60min后,O3/UV对乙酸的去除率仅比单独臭氧化处理提高了3%,而O3/H2O2在此条件下完全降解乙酸.O3/UV在处理硝基苯过程中却显示较好的氧化降解能力,通过分析表明,硝基苯降解过程中所产生的副产物H2O2对有机物的去除具有很重要的作用.因此,O3/UV氧化降解能力的提高可能有2方面的原因,紫外光对有机物的活化作用;中间产物H2O2催化臭氧分解产生了高活性的羟基自由基. 单独紫外光催化臭氧分解产生羟基自由基的效率极低.     

纳米Au/TiO2薄膜真空紫外光催化降解甲醛

为提高真空紫外光催化对甲醛的去除率并降低副产物O3的浓度,采用低温吸附法在TiO2薄膜上负载纳米Au.研究比较了UV254nm光催化(TiO2/UV)、真空紫外光降解(VUV)、真空紫外光催化(TiO2/VUV)等3种方法对低浓度甲醛的降解效果.结果表明,TiO2/VUV对甲醛的去除率显著高于VUV和TiO2/UV.TiO2表面负载纳米Au粒子能促进光生电子和空穴的分离.因此,在真空紫外光催化降解过程中, Au/TiO2不仅提高甲醛的降解率,还显著分解副产物臭氧,使尾气臭氧浓度降低32%.而且Au/TiO2薄膜在真空紫外光催化过程中具有很好的稳定性.     

Pretreatment of heterocyclic pesticide wastewater using ultrasonic/ozone combined process

Ultrasonic/O3 combined process was employed to pretreat heterocyclic pesticide wastewater for increasing biodegradability and reducing biological toxicity. Influences of ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power, probe diameter, initial pH and O3 dosage on the COD removal were studied. The results showed that the ultrasonic/O3 process significantly improved the biodegradability and reduced the biological toxicity of the wastewater. The ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.03 to 0.55 and the EC50 increased from 11% to 52% under ultrasonic/O3 treatment. Low ultrasonic frequency brought better COD removal. Initial pH was found to have a high influence on the COD removal and alkaline conditions were more favorable. The influences of ultrasonic power and probe diameter were small. With an increase in O3 dosage, COD removal was e ectively improved. The optimal operational parameters for the combined process on COD removal were ultrasonic frequency 20 kHz, initial pH 9.00, ultrasonic power 300Wand dosage of O3 454.8 mg/(L min), under which the e ciency of COD removal reached 67.2%.     

UV/H2Ｏ2/微曝气联用工艺矿化内分泌干扰物BPA试验研究

采用UV/H₂Ｏ₂/微曝气工艺对水中内分泌干扰物双酚A(BPA)的降解与矿化进行了试验研究.该工艺是在UV/H₂Ｏ₂的基础上发展起来的一种新工艺,微曝气在UV光照射下产生了一定量的O₃,提高了·OH的发生率.本试验研究了UV光强、H₂Ｏ₂投加量以及pH值对BPA矿化速率的影响.结果表明,随着UV光强的增大,BPA的矿化速率呈线性增加;当H₂Ｏ₂投加量由5 mg/L增大到20 mg/L时,BPA矿化速率常数k由0.003 2上升到0.025 0;当pH为6.68时,在相同条件下BPA的矿化效果最好.在同一工况条件下,UV/H₂Ｏ₂/微曝气工艺降解BPA的速率远远大于其矿化速率,分析得出在开始反应阶段BPA首先被降解为小分子有机物,随着反应的进一步进行小分子有机物逐步被矿化为无机物.     

O3／UV处理苯胺废水的研究

比较了O3/UV和03刖V等3种方法对苯胺废水的处理效果,并探讨了O3/UV方法的作用机理。单独采用UV方法时,苯胺的去除率仅为4-2％,而采用O3/UV方法时,在O3通入量为21．4mg／min,初始pH值为6．74和苯胺质量浓度为100mg／L的条件下,反应10min时苯胺的去除率可达99％。随着苯胺初始浓度增大,反应速率变慢,苯胺降解基本符合伪一级动力学反应规律。     

Oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury in a high voltage discharge reactor

Effects of the voltage waveform, discharge tooth wheel number and CO2/NO/SO2 concentration in the simulated flue gas on Hg0 oxidation were investigated using a link tooth wheel-cylinder reactor energized by di erent high voltage power supplies. Negative DC discharge induced more ozone production and a higher Hg0 oxidation e ciency than positive DC discharge and 12 kHz AC discharge. The discharge tooth wheel number had almost no e ect on the maximum Hg0 oxidation e ciency. The allowable supplied voltage decreased with the increase of discharge tooth wheel number. CO2 could stabilize the discharge process and increase the maximum voltage for a stable discharge. It has also been found that NO consumed O3 induced by high voltage discharge, thereby decreased Hg0 oxidation e ciency; while SO2 had a slight promoting e ect on Hg0 oxidation.     

US/O_3/TiO_2/UV氧化处理苯胺废水实验研究

实验采用US/O3/TiO2/UV氧化技术处理模拟苯胺废水,考察了各种技术组合对苯胺废水的处理效果以及技术组合的影响因素。结果表明,US单独使用对苯胺废水的处理效果较差,需要与其它技术联用;纳米TiO2/UV对苯胺废水的降解速度较慢,停留时间需保证纳米TiO2与废水污染物的充分接触,并且需要对纳米TiO2膜及技术参数进行优化以保证光催化的效果;技术组合中有O3时,COD的去除率有很大的提高;比较而言,US/O3/TiO2/UV技术组合对苯胺废水的处理效果最好。采用US/O3/TiO2/UV技术处理苯胺废水时,苯胺废水浓度的增加会导致COD去除率下降;废水pH值的增加会导致COD去除率轻微下降;随反应的进行,废水pH值会向4～6的区间靠拢;臭氧浓度要适中,过大或过小均会导致处理效率的下降;在优化条件下,该技术组合处理苯胺废水20min时的COD去除率达85%以上,60min时则达到96%。     

UV/O3/TiO2耦合工艺降解2,4,6-三氯苯酚

通过构建UV/O₃/TiO₂耦合工艺反应体系,打破了以臭氧为基础的高级氧化技术臭氧利用率低的技术瓶颈,使用电子自旋共振波谱仪和荧光探针法分析了UV/O₃/TiO₂耦合工艺的反应机理,明确了臭氧链式反应产生的O₂在反应体系内自循环利用是提高臭氧利用率的主要原因。以2,4,6-三氯苯酚为目标污染物,通过分析初始浓度、接触时间、pH、催化剂投加量等影响因素,对比UV/O₃、UV/TiO₂工艺的降解效果,显示出UV/O₃/TiO₂耦合工艺的技术优势。在相同条件下,单独UV/TiO₂光催化体系和UV/O₃体系对2,4,6-三氯苯酚模拟配水的TOC矿化率分别为12.65%和51.54%,反应速率常数分别为0.0058,0.1956 min-1,而UV/O₃/TiO₂耦合体系的矿化率达到82.97%,反应速率常数为0.2893 min-1,耦合工艺的臭氧利用率较UV/O₃工艺提高11.7百分点,并且在pH=3~11的较宽范围内有良好的适用性,证明了理论研究结论的正确性。     

臭氧高级氧化法处理化工废水的进展研究

单独臭氧氧化降解化工废水的效率较低,为提高降解效率,研究者们开发了O3/UV、O3/H2O2、O3催化氧化等组合工艺,不仅能够对难降解有机物进行降解,而且最终生成无害的氧气.关于O3/UV、O3/H2O2、O3催化氧化这三种臭氧高级氧化法处理化工废水的协同机理及一些研究进展取得了一定成效,分别阐述了研究者们对各方法一些应用研究,对臭氧高级氧化在化工废水处理领域的应用前景进行了概述.     

紫外-微臭氧处理饮用水中有机优先污染物

城市自来水水质下降,研究开发给水深度处理技术刻不容缓。本文采用新型紫外—微臭氧工艺处理自来水中常见的三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、邻－二氯苯、对－二氯苯、1,2,4－三氯苯和六氯苯等6种优先污染物。处理结果表明,与紫外—臭氧工艺相比,本项技术作为自来水深度净化手段,具有效果基本相等,设备大幅度简化,运行费用低廉,更易于推广的优点。光化学氧化,紫外微臭氧,优先污染物,饮用水处理     

O3/H2O2与O3/Mn氧化工艺去除水中难降解有机污染物的对比研究

以硝基苯为代表性有机污染物,对比研究了O₃/H₂O₂与O₃/Mn氧化工艺去除水中难降解有机污染物的效能与机理结果发现,2种催化氧化工艺均可以提高不易被单独臭氧氧化的硝基苯的去除效果,并且催化剂H₂O₂和Mn(Ⅱ)存在着最佳投量从已知的O₃/H₂O₂工艺反应机理,并根据硝基苯的化学性质和水中剩余臭氧动态监测结果推断,O₃/Mn降解硝基苯可能同样遵循自由基反应机理.向反应系统中投加H₂O₂和Mn(Ⅱ)还提高了臭氧的传质效果和有效利用率.对2种催化氧化工艺的特点和在实际水处理中应用进行了分析和探讨.     

Impact of Fenton and ozone on oxidation of wastewater containing nitroaromatic compounds

Fenton and ozone treatment was investigated at laboratory scale for the degradation of aqueous solutions of nitrobenzene (NB).Effects of reactants concentration (O3,H2O2,and Fe(II)),temperature,and pH on NB degradation were monitored.Reaction kinetic of these processes was also assessed.A rapid reaction took place for Fenton process at higher initial concentration of H2O2,higher temperatures,and more acidic conditions(pH 3).Similarly, ozonation reaction exhibited rapid rates for higher ozone dose,higher temperatures,and more basic conditions(pH 11).Complete NB degradation in 65 min Was achieved using Fenton process.The conditions of complete elimination of 100 mg/L of initial NB concentration,were 250 mg/L of H2O2 concentration,pH 3,and 10 mg/L of Fe(Ⅱ) concentration.Under these conditions,55% organic carbon elimination Was achieved.Total organic carbon mineralization Was attained in 240 min reaction time by Fenton process with 900 mg/L of H2O2 concentration,and 30 mg/L of Fe(II) concentration.Fenton reaction showed a pseudo-first order kinetic;the reaction rate constant Was ranged from 0.0226 to 0.0658 min-1.Complete NB degradation wag also achieyed for an ozone dose of the order of 2.5 g/L.The ozonation Was studied at different ozone doses.different initial pH(7-11)and at difierent temperatures(15-35℃).NB ozonation kinetic Was represented by a bi-molecular kinetic model which was reduced to pseudo-first order kinetic.The pseudo-first order reaction rate constant was determined to increase at 20℃ from 0.004 to 0.020 min-1 as the used ozone increased from 0.4 to 1.9g/L.     

水质对UV/H_2O_2降解2,4-二氯酚的影响

研究了UV/H2O2工艺对2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)的去除效果和水中阴离子、腐殖酸对该工艺降解2,4-DCP的影响。结果表明:UV/H2O2工艺可以有效的去除水中2,4-DCP,光降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型;在H2O2投加量为8mg/L,1个30W低压汞灯照射下,2,4-DCP在蒸馏水和自来水中光降解速率常数分别为0.0232/min和0.0162/min;NO3-、Cl-、HCO3-对2,4-DCP光降解有抑制作用;当3种离子浓度为0.5mmol/L、10mmol/L、20mmol/L时,对2,4-DCP光降解的抑制程度为HCO3->NO3->Cl-;随着离子浓度增大,抑制作用增强;自来水中的光降解速率常数低于蒸馏水中的光降解速率常数是由于水中多种离子影响的结果;腐殖酸在低浓度时,促进光降解反应的进行,在高浓度时,2,4-DCP的光降解氧化受到抑制。     

臭氧-紫外预处理对高有机物原水混凝效果的影响

以腐殖酸为模型污染物,分别考察了臭氧氧化、紫外照射及臭氧-紫外联合预处理过程对高有机物原水混凝性能的影响.结果表明,3种预处理方式均对原水中的溶解性腐殖酸具有明显的矿化作用.紫外及臭氧-紫外联合预处理还对后续的混凝过程具有强化作用.随着臭氧投量的增加和紫外照射时间的延长,混凝过滤出水的TOC和浊度呈明显下降趋势.当臭氧浓度(O3/C)达到9.0 mg/mg时,预处理对腐殖酸的去除率可以达到47%,过滤出水TOC含量为3.5 mg/L,浊度为2.6 NTU;紫外光照射3 h可去除原水中52%的溶解性有机物,其出水TOC为2.0 mg/L,浊度低于1.0 NTU.臭氧-紫外联合预处理后的混凝效果要明显优于二者单独作用的系统.在联合预处理系统中,当预臭氧浓度(O3/C)为1.0 mg/mg紫外照射时间为1 h时,过滤出水TOC为2.6 mg/L,且浊度低于1.0 NTU.不同预处理条件下的矿化作用主要是通过.OH实现的,同时.OH还对溶解性腐殖酸的团聚结构产生破坏作用,使其稳定性降低,从而促进了混凝过程对有机物的去除.     

UV/O_3降解硫醇甲基锡生产废水中有机物的研究

进行了UV/O3工艺对硫醇甲基锡生产废水中有机物降解效果的研究。进水COD为800mg/L时,COD去除率可达到54%。在中性和弱碱性条件下,有机物去除效果较好,且随着UV剂量的增大而提高;处理效果随着臭氧投量的增大而提高,由于废水中存在着臭氧不能氧化的有机物,有机物的去除与臭氧的增量并不是成比例提高。     

Advanced treatment of oil recovery wastewater from polymer flooding by UV/H2O2/O3 and fine filtration

In order to purify oil recovery wastewater from polymer flooding （ORWPF） in tertiary oil recovery in oil fields, advanced treatment of UV/H2O2/O3 and fine filtration were investigated. The experimental results showed that polyacrylamide and oil remaining in ORWPF after the conventional treatment process could be effectively removed by UV/H2O2/O3 process. Fine filtration gave a high performance in eliminating suspended solids. The treated ORWPF can meet the quality requirement of the wastewater-bearing polymer injection in oilfield and be safely re-injected into oil reservoirs for oil recovery.